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| Title: | 國際型臨床研究專業服務機構選擇進入台灣或新加坡市場模式之探討
An Investigation into Market Entry Options Contemplated by International |
| Authors: | 尹繼源
Edward C. IAN |
| Contributors: | 李易諭
Lee, Y. Y.
尹繼源
Edward C. IAN |
| Keywords: | 臨床研究專業服務機構
外包服務
藥物研發
Contract Research Organization
Outsourcing
New Drug Application
Investigational New Drug |
| Date: | 2007 |
| Issue Date: | 2009-09-12 12:53:56 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | Contract Research Organization (CRO) industry has been a fast growingservice sector within the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry since the early 1980’s. Aiming at assisting its clients in obtaining product registration and market approval from the health authorities (i.e. Food and Drug Administration of the US and Department of Health of Taiwan), CRO’s provide extensive consultations as well as clinical research and management services, covering both pre-clinical and clinical arenas.
In recent years, global CRO’s have been expanding towards the Southeastern Asian (thereafter “SEA”) region targeting, Singapore, Taiwan, Hong Kong, China, and South Korea. While most of the empirical research on market entry mode has targeted the manufacturing industries, more recent studies have been completed on service sectors targeting advertising and financing industries. Since the history of CRO is relatively short, limited study has been performed on this industry, especially on the international entry patterns and behaviors for the CRO industry. This research document examines the current environments of CRO industry in Taiwan and Singapore and the factors influencing international company’s decisions on the entry mode. A recommendation of the best options to enter Taiwan and Singapore for the international CRO’s is presented. The paper concludes with findings as well as recommendations for further investigation directions.
Chapter 1
RATIONALE AND SELECTION OF RESEARCH TOPIC………………………......1
1.1 Introduction of CRO……………………………………………………………......1
1.2 Review of the current CRO market entry behaviors in Taiwan and Singapore……………………………………………………………………......... 1
1.3 Objectives of Research………………………………………………….......2
Chapter 2
LITERATURE REVIEW………………………………………………………………………............3
2.1 The Industry……………………………………………………………………….........3
2.1.1 Industry Background………..…………………………………...........3
2.1.2 Service Industry and Unique Characteristics of CRO in Providing Clinical Management and Testing Services………5
2.1.3 CRO Expansion into the Southeast Asia region……… 6
2.2 Type of International Market Entries…………………………..6
2.2.1 Merger and Acquisition…………….…………………………..........7
2.2.2 Greenfield Investment…………………………………………...........7
2.2.3 Joint Venture………………………………………………………..............8
2.3 Market Entry and Ownership…………………………………………………...9
2.4 Literature Review on Service Sector…………………………...10
2.4.1 Factors Influencing Entry Modes………………………….......11
2.4.2 Firm-Specific Advantages……………………………………..........14
Chapter 3
RESEARCH METHOD………………………………………………………………………..............17
3.1 Research Design…………………………………………………………………........17
3.2 Sample………………………………………………………………………………............17
3.3 Questionnaire and Interviews………………………………........18
3.4 Data Analysis and Validation………………………………….......19
Chapter 4
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION………………………………………………………………..........20
4.1 Entry Mode Pattern……………………………………………….……………......22
4.2 Entry Behaviors………………………………………………….……………….......23
4.3 Influential Factors and country Specific Findings.. 24
4.3.1 Cultural Factors……………………..……………………….............24
4.3.2 Government Factors……………………………………................26
4.3.3 Regulatory Factors………………………………………………............27
4.3.4 Resource Factors………………………………………………….............30
4.3.6 Cost Factors………………………………………………………...............31
4.3.7 Country Summary………………………………………………...............31
4.4 Future CRO Environment in Taiwan and Singapore .35
Chapter 5
RECOMMENDATIONS AND FURTHER RESEARCH………………………………….......37
BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFERENCE WEBSITES.....................38
Bibliography……………………………………………………………………………………............38
Reference Websites…………………………………………………………………………..........40
APPENDIX 42
1 Questionnaire Questions……………………………………………………………….....42
2 Telephonic Interview Questions………………………….…..........43
3 Country Summary………………………………………………………………………..........44
4 SWOT Analysis, Taiwan and Singapore…………………………………....46 |
| Reference: | i. Bibliography
Ariely, R. (2002), Does Size Matter in the CRO Industry? Frost & Sullivan Publication
Bartlett, C., Ghoshal, S., & Birkinshaw, J. (2003), Transnational Management; Text, Cases, and Readings in CRO’s -Border Management,” 4th edn., New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Beamish, P. & Banks, J. (1987), “Equity Joint Ventures and the Theory of Multinational Enterprise,” Journal of International Business Studies, pp. 13-14
Boggarapu, K. (2005), Contract Research Organization (CRO) Trends and Opportunities in Asia Pacific, Frost & Sullivan Publication
Buckley, P. & Casson M. (1988), “A Theory of Co-Operation in International Business,” Management International Review Special Issue
Contractor F. & Lorange P. (1988), “Competition vs. Cooperation: A Benefit/Cost Framework for Choosing Between Fully-Owned Investments and Cooperative Relationships,” Management International Review, Vol. 28 Special Issue, pp. 5-18
Cornelius, N. (2002), Human Resource Management, 2nd edn., London: Thomson Learning
Dolven, B. (1999), Singlish Can or Not? Far Eastern Economic Review
Ekeledo, I. & Sivakumar, K. (2004), “International market Entry Mode Strategies of Manufacturing firms and Service Firms: A Resource-Based Perspective,” International Marketing Review, Vol. 21, No. 1, 2004 pp. 68-101(34).
EMEA (European Medicines Agency) (1998), “Note for guidance on ethnic factors in the acceptability of foreign clinical data,” September
Erramilli, M. & Rao, C. (1990), “Choice of Foreign Market Entry Modes by Service Frims: Role of Market Knowledge,” Management International Review, pp. 135-150.
Erramilli, M. (1991), “The Experience Factor in Foreign Market Entry Behaviour of Service Firms,” Journal of International Business Studies, 22(3) pp. 479-501
Erramilli, M. & Rao, C. (1993), “Service Firms’ International Entry-mode Choice: A Modified,” Journal of Marketing, 57(3), pp.19-38
Erramilli, M. (1996), “Nationality and Subsidiary Ownership Patterns in Multinational Corporations,” Journal of International Business Studies, 27(2) pp. 225-248
Geroski, P. (1991), Market Dynamics and Entry, Oxford: Basil Blackwell Ltd.
Gronroos, C. (1999), “Internationalization Strategies for Services,” Journal of Services Marketing, 13 (2), pp. 33-58
Harzing, A. (2002), “Acquisitions versus Greenfield Investments: International Strategy and Management of Entry Modes,” Strategic Management Journal, 23 (1), pp. 211- 227
Jayashree (2005), Clinical Research Outsourcing Overview: Current Scenario & Future Outlook, International Biopharmaceutical Association Publication
Jobber, D. & Fahy J. (2003), Foundations of Marketing, Berkshire: McGraw-Hill Education
Kambil, A., Long V., Kwan, C. (2006), “The Seven Disciplines for Venturing in China,” MIT Sloan Management Review, 47(2), pp. 85-89
Kogut, B. & Singh H. (1988), “The Effect of National Culture on the Choice of Entry Mode,” Journal of International Business Studies, 19(3), pp. 411-432
Li, J. (1995), “Foreign Entry and Survival: Effects of Strategic Choice on Performance in International Market,” Strategic Management Journal, 16 (5), pp. 333-351,
Li, J. & Guisinger, S. (1991), “Comparative Business Failures of Foreign-Controlled Firms in the United States,” Journal of International Business Studies, 22(2), pp. 209-224
McFarlin, D. & Sweeney, P. (2006), International Management: Strategic Opportunities and Cultural Challenges, New York: Houghton Mifflin Company
Mirowski, P. & Van Horn, R. (2005), “The Contract Research Organization and the Commercialization of Scientific Research,” Social Studies of Science 35(4), pp. 503-548
Neal, M. (1998), The Culture Factor: CRO’s-National Management and the Foreign Venture, London: MacMillan Press Ltd.
Pehrsson, A. (2004), Strategy Competence: A Study of Successful Business Establishments, Strategic Change, Aug, Vol. 13, Iss. 5
Pharmaceutical and Biotech Analyst Group (PBAG) (2003), World Contract Research Organizations (CRO’s) Market: Poised for Strong Growth Despite Challenges, Frost & Sullivan Publication
Pharmaceutical and Biotech Analyst Group (PBAG), Taiwanese Biotechnology Industry Needs to Devise Inventive Strategies to Compete Effectively against Foreign Markets, Frost & Sullivan Publication
Reardon, J. R., Erramilli, MK, Dsouza, D. et. al. (1996), “International Expansion of Service Firms: Problems and Strategies,” Journal of Professional Services Marketing, 15(1), pp. 31-46
Slangen, A. & Hennart. J. F. (2004), Entry Mode Choice and Integration: How Do They Affect Subsidiary Performance? Tilburg University Publication, August
Walls S. & Rees B. (2004), International Business, 2nd edn., Essex: Peraon Education Limited
ii. Reference Websites
Coface Risk Rating: www.coface-usa.com/
PubMed: www.pubmed.com , Attitude towards clinical trials: results of a survey of persons interested in research, accessed on May 28th, 2006
Paraxel International: http://www.parexel.com/about/locations.asp
Kendle International: http://www.kendle.com/)
Quintiles Transnational: http://www.quintiles.com/Corporate_Info/default.htm
Covance: http://www.covance.com/aboutcvd/index.php
ICON Clinical: www.iconclinical.com
PRA International: www.prainternational.com
Protech Pharmaservices Corporation: www.ppccro.com
Apex International: www.apex-cro.com/about_us.htm
Contract Research Organization: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contract_research_organizatio
Biopolis Development : www.temasekholdings.com.sg
Taiwan Industry Outlooks- Biotechnoloy/Pharmaceutial Industryhttp://www.biopharm.org.tw/download/pdf/incentive_taiwan.pdf |
| Description: | 碩士
國立政治大學
經營管理碩士學程(EMBA)
929325101
96 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0929325101 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| Appears in Collections: | [經營管理碩士學程EMBA] 學位論文
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