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    題名: 無線射頻在第三方物流應用之研究
    An Investigation on RFID in Third-Party Logistics
    作者: 趙凱康
    Chao,KieKang
    貢獻者: 姜國輝
    Chiang,Johannes K.
    趙凱康
    Chao,KieKang
    關鍵詞: 第三方物流
    RFID
    日期: 2005
    上傳時間: 2009-09-12 12:31:44 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 回顧過去十年，整個企業環境和物流市場已經歷了很大的改變。 根據一項問卷調查資料顯示，在美國的第三方物流市場，已經由1996年的310億成長到2004年的850億。 因應廣泛產業中各個公司不斷地增加需求，物流市場也同樣地擴大它的服務範圍，尤其是針對需要跨國物流服務的顧客。
    第三方物流產業一直不斷地成長， 目前提供第三方物流業者當務之急就是擴充服務區域，增加服務項目以滿足顧客現在和未來的需求；整合資訊技術，並開發與顧客和其他企業公司之間的關係以應未來的成長和擴充。我們期待在以後的幾年，能看到供應和使用委外物流的服務，有大幅的改變和加強。
    RFID 的技術一直發展地非常快速， 全世界最大的零售商 Wal-Mart自2004年開始將RFID導入其物流供應鏈後，經過了2年時間，Wal-Mart的RFID成果已然浮現，自導入RFID後，其門市缺貨比例降低了16%，補貨速度提高3倍 、門市補貨效率加快63%、門市平均庫存量則降低了10%，顯著的導入績效讓Wal-Mart決定擴大計畫。 Wal-Mart以第二方物流角色成功地導入RFID ，並能帶領其他製造廠商和零售業者相繼的投入RFID的技術。
    本文中的RFID的個案，是以目前某第三方物流公司的實際運輸環境為Pilot對象，希望藉此測試能夠定訂出支援RFID所需的電腦基礎架構。確定使用RFID的技術和設備相關的限制，並提供建議做為日後導入RFID的依據。同樣的測試方法也適用於一般物流倉儲管理。
    在台灣我們沒有像Wal-Mart和EPC這樣大的零售商和單位， 所以政府機關應該支持相關單位導入RFID。 同時政府也應該主動加強與EPCglobal這樣的國際組織合作，參與制定RFID的標準與規範。 建議政府發起類似像Future Store， 由歐洲第三大貿易及零售公司- METRO Group 建造在德國的未來商店，這樣的專案計畫，結合製造商、零售商、配送商，推展 RFID 在物流的應用。 製造商、零售商和配送商能了解RFID 的價值，及RFID對企業的好處，經由第三方物流公司的整合與加值服務，以滿足顧客的需求。

    關鍵詞：第三方物流、RFID
    Looking back over the past decade, the overall business environment and the logistics sector has experienced significant change. The US 3PL logistics market grew from an estimated US$31 billion in 1996 to US$85 billion in 2004. In response to the expanding needs of companies across a broad range of industries, the logistics sector is being asked to expand its services for customers with global logistics needs. This has created a growing market for comprehensive, global 3PL services.
    The 3PL industry is still growing. Among the priority currently facing 3PL providers are regional expansion, broadening services to meet the needs of current and future customers, integrating information technologies, and developing relationships with customers and other business firms that will facilitate the growth and expansion that lies ahead. We expect to see in the years ahead significant changes and enhancements to the provision and use of outsourced logistics services.
    RFID technology is developing fast. Wal-Mart, the biggest retailer in the world today, uses RFID technology to resolve the bottleneck at the receiving end that makes receiving hugely easier. RFID allows Wal-Mart to track any pallet or box at each stage in its supply chain and know exactly what product from which manufacturer is inside, with what expiration date. RFID also helps Wal-Mart to keep the products on the shelf more often and allow quicker remixing of the supply chain in response to events. Wal-Mart is the most successful 2PL company that deployed full RFID system. We can share this story with other manufacturing companies and retailers so RFID can be deployed among them.
    The objective of the sample pilot case in this paper is to facilitate the RFID in a live transportation environment to identify the IT architecture and infrastructure necessary to support RFID. To identify limitations in RFID technology and equipment and to make recommendations for further development and roll-out.
    It can also be applied in a warehouse. Simply by creating RFID fields at every inbound and outbound point it will eventually be possible to monitor the exact movements of every pallet, carton or item during its time in store and in
    4
    transit through an integrated cross docking system.
    In Taiwan, we don’t have a big retailer company such as Wal-Mart, or a large organization such as EPCglobal, therefore, local government and its related departments must support the deployment of RFID and collaborate with EPCglobal international organization. Local government shall also initiate and sponsor the concept of “Future Store”, built by METRO Group in Germany, to educate our manufacturers, retailers and distributors the value of RFID and the business benefits of RFID. As to 3PL, it is suggested that 3PL providers need to focus on what they do best. That is, 3PL providers must deliver value for their core services. After that, 3PL providers need to understand the businesses of the industries and to build strong capability in logistics and integrate its global capabilities. Therefore, 3PL providers can provide their RFID solutions to meet their customers’ needs.
    Keywords: 3PL, RFID
    1. Research Motivation..................................................................................11
    1.1 Introduction....................................................................................................11
    1.2 Mandates are Driving Forces to RFID Adoption and Standards...................16
    1.3 Government Regulations are Impacting RFID Adoption Rate......................17
    1.4 RFID Market is Evolving & Growing...........................................................18
    1.5 Key Potential Benefits of RFID.....................................................................18
    1.6 Key Business Problems across Industries May be Solved Utilizing RFID...18
    1.7 Objective........................................................................................................19
    1.7.1 RFID in Third-Party Logistics Application Study..............................19
    1.8 Status Quo of 3PL..........................................................................................19
    1.8.1 Requirements on RFID in 3PL...........................................................19
    2. State-of-Arts...............................................................................................28
    2.1 Standards and Industry Groups Must Collaborate.........................................28
    2.2 Phases of RFID Deployment.........................................................................28
    2.3 RFID Basics...................................................................................................29
    2.3.1 AIDC (automatic information data capture) is a broad subject..........29
    2.4 What is RFID technology?.............................................................................29
    2.4.1 How Does RFID Work?......................................................................29
    2.4.2. How does Passive RFID work?.........................................................29
    2.4.3 Where is RFID found today?..............................................................30
    2.4.4 Radio Frequency Identification versus the Barcode...........................30
    2.5 RFID Deployment & Trends..........................................................................30
    2.5.1 EPCglobal Leads Standards Development for Commercial Applications.................................................................................................30
    2.5.2 EPCglobal Tag Classification.............................................................31
    2.6 RFID Tag........................................................................................................31
    2.7 RFID Adoption Rate to Exceed Barcode.......................................................33
    2.8 Technical Foundations...................................................................................33
    2.8.1 Tag Types Offer Various Applications at Different Costs...................33
    2.8.2 The electromagnetic spectrum............................................................34
    2.8.3 Radio frequency bands (passive tags only).........................................34
    2.8.4 Physical Properties & Performance....................................................35
    2.8.5 There are Optimal and Acceptable Frequencies for Different Applications.................................................................................................36
    2.9 Industry Application of RFID........................................................................37
    2.9.1 Benefit Potential Exists for Service Organizations.............................37
    2.9.2 Pharmaceuticals & Medical Devices..................................................37

    2.9.3 Fashion and Footware.........................................................................38
    2.9.4 Fast Moving Consumer Goods / Consumer Packaged Goods............38
    2.9.5 US Department of Defense.................................................................38
    2.9.6 Heavy Equipment: Automotive and Engineering & Manufacturing..38
    2.9.7 Banking and Finance...........................................................................39
    2.10 Definition of 3PL.........................................................................................39
    2.11 Existing 3PL RFID Application (Life Science)...........................................39
    2.12 Sample RFID Pilots.....................................................................................40
    2.13 Why use Passive Tags?................................................................................42
    2.14 Next Generation Passive Tags......................................................................42
    2.15 METRO Group - “Future Store”..................................................................43
    3. Research Design.......................................................................................45
    3.1 R & D Framework – Zachman Framework (5W + 1H).................................45
    3.1.1 Zachman Framework Background and Intent.....................................46
    3.1.2 Zachman Framework Scope and Principles........................................47
    3.1.3 Zachman Framework Structure and Guidance....................................48
    4. Expected Research Findings.....................................................................62
    4.1 Research Issues..............................................................................................62
    4.1.1 RFID Project Challenges....................................................................62
    4.2 System Framework........................................................................................62
    4.2.1 Operational Model (system components 1 of 3).................................63
    4.2.2 System Architecture (system components 2 of 3)...............................64
    4.2.3 Information Flow (system components 3 of 3)...................................64
    4.2.4 Checkpoints and the Shipment Lifecycle...........................................65
    4.3 Sample Pilot Case..........................................................................................69
    4.3.1 Background.........................................................................................69
    4.3.2 Pilot Objectives...................................................................................70
    4.3.3 Hardware Overview............................................................................70
    4.3.4 Software Overview.............................................................................73
    4.3.5 Software Design and Architecture......................................................76
    4.3.6 Problems Faced in the Pilot................................................................81
    4.3.7 Results and Recommendations...........................................................85
    5. Research Conclusion and Expectations on Future Work...........................88
    5.1 Conclusion.....................................................................................................88
    5.2 Suggestions on Future Work..........................................................................90
    5.2.1 Suggestions on Future Work to R & D.......................................................91
    5.2.2 Suggestions on Future Work to Local Government....................................91
    5.2.3 Suggestions on Future Work to Manufacturers, Retailers and Distributors92

    5.2.4 Suggestions on Future Work to 3PL Providers...........................................92
    References....................................................................................................95 8
    FIGURES
    Figure 1.8..1.1 3PL User Percentages, 1996 - 2005........................................24
    Figure 1.8.1.2 Components of Total Logistics Expenditures..............................25
    Figure 1.8.1.3 Ranking of Key 3PL Selection Attributes.....................................25
    Figure 1.8.1.4 3PL Provider Accomplishments.....................................................26
    Figure 1.8.1.5 3PL Provider Roles.........................................................................27
    Figure 2.6.1 EPC (Electronic Product Code)........................................................32
    Figure 2.8.2 Electromagnetic Spectrum - the Radio Frequency Spectrum......34
    Figure 2.11.1 RFID Application - Life Science......................................................40
    Figure 2.12.1 RFID Application Example – Canned Goods...............................41
    Figure 2.12.2 RFID Application Example – The Airlines Industry......................42
    Figure 2.15.1 METRO Group – “Future Store”.....................................................44
    Figure 3.1.1 Zachman Framework.........................................................................46
    Figure 3.1.3.1 Recursive Framework Relationships............................................51
    Figure 3.1.1 Company-D International Express and Logistics Operational Process...............................................................................................60
    Figure 4.2.1 System Framework.............................................................................63
    Figure 4.2.1.1 Operational Model...........................................................................63
    Figure 4.2.2.1 System Architecture........................................................................64
    Figure 4.2.3.1 Information Model 1........................................................................65
    Figure 4.2.3.2 Information Model 2........................................................................65
    Figure 4.2.3.3 Information Model 3........................................................................65
    Figure 4.2.4.1 Outbound Processing.....................................................................66
    Figure 4.2.4.2 Inbound Processing........................................................................67
    Figure 4.3.3.2 RFID Gateway Reader...................................................................71
    Figure 4.3.3.3 RFID Tunnel Reader.......................................................................72

    CHARTS
    Chart 2.8.3.1 RFID Key Features, Read Range and Applications....................35
    Chart 2.8.4.1 Different Frequencies Perform in Different Environment............36
    Chart 2.8.5.1 Acceptable Frequencies for Different Applications......................36
    Chart 3.1.1 Zachman Framework...........................................................................45
    Chart 3.1.2 Zachman Framework (What, How, When).......................................60
    Chart 4.3.7.1 Read Counts and Checkpoint captured at each Facility.............86
    參考文獻: 1. The world is flat – Thomas L. Friedman, A brief history of the 21st century
    2. 2005 Third Party Logistics - Results and Findings of the 10th Annual Study (Georgia Institute of Technology, Capgemini, company-D, SAP)
    3. Auto-ID CENTER – www.autoidcenter.org
    4. EPCglobal – www.epcglobalinc.org
    5. RFID Journal – www.rfidjournal.com
    6.http://www.software.org/pub/architecture/zachman.asp#casestudy
    7. Metro Group, RFID: Benefits for Retailers and Suppliers
    8. Eye for transport – http://www.eyefortransport.com
    9. 2004 Consumer Goods Technology
    10. www.future-store.org
    描述: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    經營管理碩士學程(EMBA)
    93932607
    94
    資料來源: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0093932607
    資料類型: thesis
    顯示於類別:[經營管理碩士學程EMBA] 學位論文

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