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    題名: WTO爭端解決規則與程序瞭解書第六條第二項之研究
    作者: 洪敬庭
    Hung, Ching-Ting
    貢獻者: 楊光華
    洪敬庭
    Hung, Ching-Ting
    關鍵詞: 爭端解決規則與程序瞭解書（DSU）第六條二項
    成立小組請求
    先決之爭點
    Article 6.2 of Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing The Settlement of Disputes (DSU)
    panel request
    preliminary issues
    日期: 2004
    上傳時間: 2009-09-11 17:12:50 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 本論文主要在討論，先決之爭點與「爭端解決規則與程序瞭解書（DSU）」第六條二項（成立小組請求）間之互動。
    首先，作者區別成立小組請求兩大要件，分別為：敘明系爭措施及提供法律根據已釐清系爭案件。
    其次，在此架構下，本文進而從近來所發生之四十七個爭端解決案件中，分析上訴機構對兩要件之認定標準的發展。本文發現，爭端解決小組及上訴機構透過放寬先決爭點認定標準之結果，會降低成立小組請求之明確性。同時，本文也蒐集相關實證統計資料，藉以呈現先決爭點如何影響DSU之功能。經由歸納後，本文認為，當前先決之爭點的負面影響大於正面影響。
    再者，儘管先決爭點有上述問題，作者一方面仍肯定先決之爭點的正面功能，並認同爭端解決實務放寬認定標準之趨勢；另方面，則嘗試提出若干工具以避免上述負面影響大過正面影響。
    最後則提出第六條第二項之修法建議。
    關鍵字：爭端解決規則與程序瞭解書（DSU）第六條二項、成立小組請求、先決之爭點
    This thesis focused on the interaction between the preliminary issues and Article 6.2(panel request) of Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing The Settlement of Disputes(DSU).
    First, the author distinguished the two main requirements of panel request: identify the specific measures at issue, and provide a brief summary of the legal basis of the complaint sufficient to present the problem clearly.
    Secondly, with the two requirements as framework, the author started to scrutinize how preliminary issues affected recent 47 dispute settlement cases and analyze its implication. Then, it was observed that the Dispute Settlement Panel and the Appellate Body were broadening their review standards as to preliminary issues, which would then lead to reduce the precision of panel request. Meanwhile, this thesis collected relevant statistic data to show how the preliminary issues affected the current DSU function. Then, it was observed that the preliminary issues, so far, had strong negative effects and few positive effects on the dispute settlement system.
    Moreover, the author, on the one hand, recognized the function of preliminary issues and viewed current dispute settlement practice as good trend with some deficit; and, on the other hand, tried to propose some useful tools to prevent the negative effect to overcome positive effects. And eventually, proposed revision of Article 6.2 of DSU.
    Key words: Article 6.2 of Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing The Settlement of Disputes (DSU), panel request, preliminary issues
    參考文獻: 一、GATT/WTO官方文件
    1. GATT Panel Report, EEC - Measure on Animal Feed Proteins, BISD 25S/49, adopted Mar. 14, 1992.
    2. GATT Panel Report, United States - Prohibitions on Imports of Tuna and Tuna Products from Canada, BISD 29S/91, adopted Feb. 22, 1982.
    3. GATT Panel Report, EEC - Restrictions on Imports of Apples from Chile, BISD 27S/98, adopted Nov. 10, 1980.
    4. WTO Appellate Body Report, United States – Countervailing Duties on Certain Corrosion–Resistant Carbon Steel Flat Products from Germany (‘US – Carbon Steel’), WT/DS213/AB/R and Corr.1, adopted Dec. 19, 2002.
    5. WTO Panel Report, WTO Panel report, United States – Countervailing Duties on Certain Corrosion–Resistant Carbon Steel Flat Products from Germany (‘US – Carbon Steel’), WT/DS213/R, adopted Dec. 19, 2002.
    6. WTO Appellate Body Report, Guatemala – Anti–Dumping Investigation Regarding Portland Cement from Mexico (‘Guatemala – Cement I’), WT/DS60/AB/R, adopted Nov. 25, 1998.
    7. WTO Appellate Body Report, United States – Measures Affecting the Cross–Border Supply of Gambling and Betting Services (‘US-Gambling’), WT/DS285/AB/R, adopted Apr. 25, 2005.
    8. WTO Panel Report, United States – Measures Affecting the Cross–Border Supply of Gambling and Betting Services (‘US-Gambling’), WT/DS285/R, adopted Apr. 25, 2005.
    9. WTO Appellate Body Report, United States – Sunset Review of Anti–Dumping Duties on Corrosion–Resistant Carbon Steel Flat Products from Japan (‘US-Corrosion Resistant’), WT/DS244/AB/R, adopted Jan. 09, 2004.
    10. WTO Panel Report, United States – Sunset Review of Anti–Dumping Duties on Corrosion–Resistant Carbon Steel Flat Products from Japan (‘US-Corrosion Resistant’), WT/DS244/R, adopted Jan. 09, 2004.
    11. WTO Appellate Body Report, United States – Subsidies on Upland Cotton (‘US-Cotton’), WT/DS267/AB/R, adopted Mar. 21, 2005.
    12. WTO Panel Report, United States – Subsidies on Upland Cotton (‘US-Cotton’), WT/DS267/R, adopted Mar. 21, 2005.
    13. WTO Appellate Body Report, Canada – Measures Relating to Exports of Wheat and Treatment of Imported Grain (‘Canada-Imported Grain’), WT/DS276/AB/R, adopted Sep. 27, 2004.
    14. WTO Panel Report, Canada – Measures Relating to Exports of Wheat and Treatment of Imported Grain (‘Canada-Imported Grain’), WT/DS276/R, adopted Sep. 27, 2004.
    15. WTO Appellate Body Report, European Communities – Customs Classification of Certain Computer Equipment (’EC-Computer Equipment’), WT/DS62/AB/R, adopted Jun. 22, 1998.
    16. WTO Panel Report, European Communities – Customs Classification of Certain Computer Equipment (’EC-Computer Equipment’), WT/DS62/R, adopted Jun. 22, 1998.
    17. Appellate Body Report, United States – Anti-Dumping Act of 1916 (‘US – 1916 Act’), WT/DS136/AB/R, WT/DS162/AB/R, adopted Sep. 26, 2000.
    18. WTO Panel Report, Japan – Measures Affecting Consumer Photographic Film and Paper (‘Japan – Film’), WT/DS44/R, adopted 22 April 1998.
    19. WTO Panel Report, Canada – Measures Affecting the Export of Civilian Aircraft (’Canada – Aircraft’), WT/DS70/R, adopted Aug. 20, 1999.
    20. WTO Appellate Body Report, Brazil – Export Financing Programme for Aircraft (‘Brazil – Aircraft’), WT/DS46/AB/R, adopted Aug. 20, 1999.
    21. WTO Appellate Body Report, India – Patent Protection for Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Chemical Products (’India-Patent’), WT/DS50/AB/R, adopted Jan. 16, 1998.
    22. WTO Appellate Body Report, Korea – Definitive Safeguard Measure on Imports of Certain Dairy Products (’Korea-Dairy’), WT/DS98/AB/R, adopted Jan. 12, 2000.
    23. WTO Panel Report, United States – Standards for Reformulated and Conventional Gasoline (’US-Gasoline’ ), WT/DS2/R, adopted May 20, 1996.
    24. WTO Panel Report, United States – Measure Affecting Imports of Woven Wool Shirts and Blouses from India (’US - Wool Shirts and Blouses’), WT/DS33/R, May 23, 1997.
    25. WTO Panel Report, Argentina – Measures Affecting Imports of Footwear, Textiles, Apparel and other Items (’Argentina – Textiles and Apparel’), WT/DS56/R, adopted Apr. 22, 1998.
    26. WTO Panel Report, Indonesia – Certain Measures Affecting the Automobile Industry (’Indonesia-Autos’), WT/DS54/R, WT/DS55/R, WT/DS59/R, WT/DS64/R and Corr.1, 2, 3, and 4, adopted Jul. 23, 1998.
    27. WTO Panel Report, United States – Anti–Dumping and Countervailing Measures on Steel Plate from India (‘US-Steel Plate’), WT/DS206/R, adopted Jul. 29, 2002.
    28. WTO Panel Report, United States – Measures Treating Exports Restraints as Subsidies (‘US – Export Restraints’), WT/DS194/R and Corr.2, adopted Aug. 23, 2001.
    29. WTO Panel Report, United States – Sections 301-310 of the Trade Act of 1974 (‘US – Section 301 Trade Act’), WT/DS152/R, adopted Jan. 27, 2000.
    30. WTO Panel Report, India – Patent Protection for Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Chemical Products (’India-Patent’), WT/DS50/R, adopted Jan. 16, 1998.
    31. WTO Panel Report, Korea – Definitive Safeguard Measure on Imports of Certain Dairy Products (’Korea-Dairy’), WT/DS98/R, adopted Jan. 12, 2000.
    32. WTO Appellate Body Report, European Communities – Regime for the Importation, Sale and Distribution of Bananas (’EC – Bananas III’), WT/DS27/AB/R, adopted Sep. 25, 1997.
    33. WTO Appellate Body Report, United States – Sunset Reviews of Anti-Dumping Measures on Oil Country Tubular Goods from Argentina (‘US-Oil Tubular’), WT/DS268/AB/R, adopted Dec. 21, 2004.
    34. WTO (2004), Overview of the State of Play of WTO Disputes, Annual Report of Dispute Settlement Body, WTO Doc. WT/DSB/37/Add.1.
    35. See UNITED STATES – SUBSIDIES ON UPLAND COTTON-Notification of an Appeal by the United States under paragraph 4 of Article 16 of the Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes , WT/DS267/17.
    二、英文書籍及期刊論文
    36. Mitsuo Matsushita, 5 SELECTED GATT/WTO PANEL REPORTS: SUMMARIES AND COMMENTARIES IX (Fair Trade Center, Tokyo, 1999).
    37. Raj Bhala, The Precedent Setters: De Facto Stare Decisis In WTO Adjudication, Florida State University Journal of Transnational Law & Policy, Fall, 1999.
    38. Scott Little, Preliminary Objections to Panel Requests and Terms of Reference-Panel and Appellate Body Rulings on the First Line of Defence in WTO Dispute Settlement Proceedings, Journal of World Trade35(4), 517.
    39. Jeff Waincymer, WTO Litigation-Procedural Aspects of Formal Dispute Settlement, 309(Published by Cameron May Ltd, 2002).
    40. Degra P. Steger and Susan M. Hainsworth, New Directions in International Trade Law: WTO Dispute Settlement, Dispute Resolution in the WTO( Cameron May Published, 1998)
    描述: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    國際經營與貿易研究所
    92351042
    93
    資料來源: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0923510421
    資料類型: thesis
    顯示於類別:[國際經營與貿易學系 ] 學位論文

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