Loading...
|
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/29901
|
| Title: | 國際非營利組織之運作-個案之比較
Functioning of International Nonprofit Organizations-A Comparative Study |
| Authors: | 盧膺任
Lu, Ying-Jen Burl |
| Contributors: | 于卓民
Yu, Chow Ming
盧膺任
Lu, Ying-Jen Burl |
| Keywords: | 國際非營利組織
組織結構
營運管理
方案活動
策略聯盟
International Nonprofit Organization
Organizational Structure
Operational Management
Program Activities
Strategic Alliance/Collaboration |
| Date: | 2008 |
| Issue Date: | 2009-09-11 16:49:43 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 非營利組織在今日扮演了非常重要的角色，從提供獨特的服務到積極參與應付社會的需要，以增進社群福祉。更重要的是，非營利組織在各個區域以關鍵經濟力量之角色，滿足各地人們之需求。
當全球化的時代來臨，臺灣非營利組織仍然遭遇許多挑戰。因此，本研究的動機是希望藉由檢視國際非營利組織是如何成功地實現他們的使命以協助地方的非營利組織改進整體表現，以增進其對社會的影響以及如何充分地運用資源。因此本論文將分成以下四個主要議題進行研究：
1. 國際非營利組織的使命如何影響其運作？
2. 國際非營利組織如何組織其活動？
3. 國際非營利組織要與其他組織合作以達到其目標之原因？
4. 國際非營利組織是用何種方案或行動來更成功地達成其使命？
本研究採用質性個案研究法以及檔案紀錄蒐集法為研究方法。本研究並選擇了五個國際非營利組織進行研究，其各自在使命、組織結構、營運管理、方案行動以及策略聯盟上的選擇皆有所不同的。卻同時具備高聲望、數據可取得特性以及專注多元發展(diversity focus)等特性而有助本研究之資料探索及分析。
最後本研究的研究結果可以歸納如下：
1. 國際非營利組織在落實使命以及目標的同時總會謹慎專注於管理其操作執行流程以及如何提供產品及服務之流程。此外為求持續成長，國際非營利組織在其募款策略上增加多元性以確保組織強度。
2. 國際非營利組織有使用功能性架構之趨勢-此架構可精簡與迅速的整合組織各個專案計畫以及達成組織之目標與使命。此外，其聘任具有優越技能、專業經驗、外部關係(企業或非營利組織間)以及與社群有緊密互動的董事會成員、管理階層、委員以及志工。
3. 為了達到完成使命之目標，國際非營利組織會採取策略聯盟之作法，其主要理由有以下五種(1)成本以及風險考量(2)擷取更有實益之研究(3)獲取互補性之資源(4)取得合法性(5)取得公開曝光、聲譽以及公共關注。
4. 國際非營利組織不僅確保其各項專案計畫在操作以及發展上具有效益，同時也將各項專案計畫緊密的與組織整體使命結合。
本文不僅解釋了國際非營利組織在達成使命時為何較具效率也針對台灣非營利組織提供了若干建議以增進其執行目標或任務之效率。
In this turbulent time, nonprofit organizations (NPOs) play significant roles since offering unique services and engaging in tackling the societal needs to benefit all human beings. Most importantly, the NPO sector served as a crucial economic force in most regions of the world fulfilling human needs.
Nonetheless, as globalization approaches, the Taiwan NPOs still encounter the numerous challenges. Therefore, this research is motivated by a desire to examine how international nonprofit organizations (INPOs) function to accomplish their missions successfully as one means of assisting local NPOs to improve overall performance, increasing their impact on the society, and pinpointing how they can fully utilize their resources. Four major research questions to be addressed in this dissertation are as follows:
1.How does the mission of an INPO affect its operation?
2.How does an INPO organize its activities?
3.Why does an INPO collaborate with other organizations to achieve its objectives?
4.What programs and activities does an INPO create to fulfill its mission more successfully?
The researcher focused on qualitative case study and the archival research method was adopted in this dissertation. Five INPOs, which differed in mission, organizational structure, operational management, program activities and strategic alliances and collaboration, were selected to be explored, investigated, and analyzed due to their high prestige, data availability and diversity focus. The findings of this dissertation can be summarized as follows:
1.INPOs always have made it a habit of following their missions when focusing on carefully managing the operational processes or routines to produce and distribute their products and services. In addition, in order to sustain growth, INPOs diversify their funding strategies to insure the strength of the organization.
2.INPOs have a tendency to use functional structure—lean and agile—to organize programs and achieve their goals and missions. Besides, they recruit outstanding board of directors, executives, other committees and volunteers with exceptional skills, professional experiences, connections to the firms and philanthropic organization and ties to the community.
3.With the aim of fulfilling their missions, INPOs pursue strategic collaboration and alliances for five reasons: (1) To share the costs and risk, (2) To receive more effective research, (3) To acquire complementary resources, (4) To get legitimacy, and (5) To obtain exposure, reputation and public awareness.
4.INPOs ensure that each program is not only developed and operated effectively, but also strongly associated with the organization`s overall mission.
To conclude, this dissertation not only explains how INPOs function so effectively in achieving their missions but also provides recommendations for Taiwan NPOs to fulfill their missions more successfully. |
| Reference: | African Press Organization. (2008). WFP, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, and Howard G. Buffett Foundation Join Forces. Retrieved from http://appablog.wordpress.com/2008/09/24/wfp-bill-melinda-gates-foundation-and-howard-g-buffett-foundation-join-forces-hundreds-of-thousands-of-poor-farmers-to-benefit-from-new-initiative/
AllBusiness. (2001). Build-A-Bear Workshop and World Wildlife Fund Making Friends That Make a Difference Partners. Retrieved from http://www.allbusiness.com/environment-natural-resources/environmental/6170088-1.html
AllBusiness. (2005). American`s Second Harvest Names The UPS Foundation `Grantmaker of the Year`. Retrieved from http://www.allbusiness.com/food-beverage/food-industry/5105204-1.html
AllBusiness. (2005). CHEP is America`s Second Harvest "Logistics Donor of the Year". Retrieved from http://www.allbusiness.com/company-activities-management/company-strategy/5187290-1.html
AllBusiness. (2007). PRWeek Announces 2007 Awards Finalists. Retrieved from http://www.allbusiness.com/services/business-services/4013528-1.html
Alstadter, E. H. (1998). “Keys to Keep Your Board on Track,” Nonprofit World, 16 (1), 9-12.
American Red Cross. (2006). The American Red Cross and World Wildlife Fund Team Up to Ensure an Effective and Healthy Recovery for Tsunami Survivors. Retrieved from http://www.redcross.org/portal/site/en/menuitem.94aae335470e233f6cf911df43181aa0/?vgnextoid=31d8e2057b8fd110VgnVCM10000089f0870aRCRD
Argote, L. (1999). Organizational Learning: Creating, Retaining, and Transferring Knowledge. Boston: Kluwer Academic.
Associated Content. (2007). Coral Reef Fund Announces $3.5 Million in Grants. Retrieved from http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/398664/coral_reef_fund_announces_35_million.html?cat=47
ASU in the community. (2006). ASU and Teach For America Build Partnership for Greater Impact. Retrieved from http://community.uui.asu.edu/features/tfa.asp
Axelrod, N. R. (1994). Board Leadership and Board Development from the Jossey-Bass Handbook of Nonprofit Leadership and Management. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Meyer, J. W., & Rowan, B. (1977). “Institutionalized Organizations: Formal Structure as Myth and Ceremony,” American Journal of Sociology, 83, 340-363.
Miles, M., & Huberman, M. (1984). Qualitative Data Analysis: A Sourcebook of New Methods. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Miller-Millesen, J. L. (2003). “Understanding the Behavior of Nonprofit Boards of Directors: A Theory-Based Approach,” Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 32 (4), 526.
Mindfully (2002). Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) Timber Certification Tainted. Retrieved from http://www.mindfully.org/Heritage/FSC-Tainted-Rainforest20nov02.htm
Monette, D., Sullivan, T., & DeJong, C. (1998). Applied Social Research: Tool for the Human Services. Orlando, FL: Harcourt Brace College.
Morris, D. (1996). Market Power and Business Strategy: In Search of the Unified Organization. Westport, CT: Quorum Books.
Morse, J., Barrett, M., Mayan, M., Olson, K., & Spiers, J. (2002). Verification Strategies for Establishing Reliability and Validity in Qualitative Research. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 1(2), 1-17.
Multichannel. (2005). Animal Planet, WWF Slate Eco-Reality Show. Retrieved from http://www.multichannel.com/article/85318-Animal_Planet_WWF_Slate_Eco_Reality_Show.php
National Bureau of Economic Research. (2007). African Successes. Retrieved from http://www.nber.org/cgi-bin/printit?uri=/AfricanSuccesses/index.html
Neslon, R., & Winter, S. (1982). An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press.
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. (2008). WFP, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, and Howard G. Buffett Foundation Join Forces. Retrieved from http://www.gatesfoundation.org/press-releases/Pages/world-food-programme-gates-buffett-join-forces.aspx
Baker, M. J. (2000). Marketing Theory. London: Cengage Learning EMEA.
NOAA. (2005). Research and Training for Mitigation of Sea turtle Interactions with Fisheries. Retrieved from http://www.fpir.noaa.gov/PRD/prd_intl_sea_turtles_indonesia.html
Northcraft, G. B., & Neale, M. (1990). Organizational Behavior. New York: The Dryden Press.
Northernlifoodbank. (2006). Pilot Program Streamlines Food Stamps to Those in Need. Retrieved from www.northernilfoodbank.org/pressdocs/Press%20Releases%202006/ExpressStampsRelease_FINAL.pdf
Oliver, C. (1990). “Determinants of Interoganizational Relationships: Integration and Future Directions,” Academy of Management Review, 15 (2), 241-265.
Online International News Network. (2008). Call for Enrollment of Girl Students. Retrieved from http://www.onlinenews.com.pk/details.php?id=127248
OnPhilanthropy. (2008). Following Gates Through Windows. Retrieved from http://flip.onphilanthropy.com/online/2008/07/index.html
Ott, J. S. (2001). Understanding Nonprofit Organizations: Governance, Leadership, and Management. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Partnership to Cut Hunger and Poverty in Africa. (2008). Newsletter Edition Newsletter - April 2008. Retrieved from http://www.africanhunger.org/?location=newsletters&id=50
Path (2005). New Partnership Launched to Accelerate and Evaluate National Malaria Control Program in Africa. Retrieved from http://www.path.org/news/pr-050519-macepa.php
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. (2009). Dubai Cares and Foundation Partner to Improve the Lives of Children in Developing Countries. Retrieved from http://www.gatesfoundation.org/press-releases/Pages/dubai-cares-improving-child-health-090419.aspx
Phills, J. A. (2005). Integrating Mission and Strategy for Nonprofit Organizations. New York: Oxford University Press.
Bamford, J. D., Gomes-Casseres, B., & Robinson, M. S. (2003). Mastering Alliance Strategy: A Comprehensive Guide to Design, Management, and Organization. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Plunkett, W. R., & Attner, R. F. (1989). Introduction to Management. Boston: PWS-KENT.
Poston, L. (2006). The American Red Cross and World Wildlife Fund Team Up to Ensure an Effective and Healthy Recovery for Tsunami Survivors. Retrieved from http://www.redcross.org/portal/site/en/menuitem.94aae335470e233f6cf911df43181aa0/?vgnextoid=31d8e2057b8fd110VgnVCM10000089f0870aRCRD
RedOrbit. (2006). Pilot Program Streamlines Food Stamps to Those in Need. Retrieved from http://www.redorbit.com/news/business/739673/pilot_program_streamlines_food_stamps_to_those_in_need/index.html
ReliefWeb. (2006). Bringing Safe Water to Schools in Kenya. Retrieved from http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900sid/EKOI-6WH522?OpenDocument
ReliefWeb. (2008). CARE Calls for Quality Education for All – Girls included. Retrieved from http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/RWB.NSF/db900SID/SHIG-7DWBWB?OpenDocument
ReliefWeb. (2008). Zimbabwe: CARE Takes Emergency Steps to Prevent the Spread of Cholera During Food Distributions. Retrieved from http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900SID/MCOI-7M8MQH?OpenDocument
Ring, P. S. (2000). “The Three T`s of Alliance Creation: Task, Team, and Time,” European Management Journal, 18 (2), 152-163.
Samu, S., & Wymer, W. (2002). Social Advertising: Effects of Dominance and Fit on Attitudes and Behavioral Intentions. Paper presented at the 2002 Academy of Marketing Science Conference.
Bio-Medicine. (2005). New Partnership Launched to Accelerate and Evaluate National Malaria Control Program in Africa. Retrieved from http://news.bio-medicine.org/medicine-news-3/New-partnership-launched-to-accelerate-and-evaluate-national-malaria-control-program-in-Africa-9802-1/
Schermerhorn, J. (1993). Management for Productivity. New York: Wiley.
SciDev.net. (2007). Gates Foundation Gives US$280 Million to Fight TB. Retrieved from http://www.scidev.net/en/science-and-innovation-policy/entrepreneurship/news/gates-foundation-gives-us280-million-to-fight-tb.html
Barney, J. (1986). “Strategic Factor Markets: Expectations, Luck and Business Strategy,” Management Science, 32, 1512-1514.
Sea Grant. (2007). URI Fish-Saving Device Pulls in $30,000 Prize for American Winner of International Smart Gear Competition. Retrieved from http://seagrant.gso.uri.edu/news/2008/index.html
Sharma, C. (1997). New Hope for Marine Fisheries. Retrieved from http://base.d-p-h.info/fr/fiches/premierdph/fiche-premierdph-3968.html
Sherman, B. (2007). NOAA and National Fish and Wildlife Foundation Award $3.5 Million for Coral Reef Conservation. Retrieved from http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/news/pressreleases/sept07/supp_092807b.html
SniperAgent. (2009). Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Retrieved from http://www.sniperagent.com/?q=Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation
Spekman, R., & Isabella, L. (2000). Alliance Competence: Maximizing the Value of Your Partnerships. NY: John Wiley & Sons.
Stake, R. (1995). The Art of Case Research. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Statistics Canada. (2004). Canada Survey of Giving, Volunteering and Participating. Retrieved from http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/060605/dq060605a-eng.htm
Block, S. R. (1998). Perfect Nonprofit Boards: Myths, Paradoxes, and Paradigms. Needham Heights, MA: Simon & Schuster Custom.
Stene, E. (1940). “An Approach to the Science of Administration,” American Political Science Review, 34, 1124-1137.
Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1990). Basics of Qualitative Research: Grounded Theory Procedures and Techniques. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Sullivan, K. (2006). WWF Works with Marine Stewardship Council and Wal-Mart to Certify All Wild-Caught and Frozen Fish Suppliers. Retrieved from http://www.worldwildlife.org/who/media/press/2006/WWFPresitem833.html
Bart, C. K., & Tabone, J. C. (1999). “Mission Statement Content and Hospital Performance in the Canadian Not-for-Profit Health Care Sector,” Health Care Management Review, 24, 18-29.
Teach For America. (2008). Teach For America`s Impact in High Schools. Retrieved from http://www.teachforamerica.org/mission/our_impact/corps_impact.htm#1
Televisionpoint. (2006). `Planet Action` Series on Animal Planet with WWF-India. Retrieved from http://www.televisionpoint.com/news2006/print.php?id=1143706764
Tellis, W. (1997). Application of a Case Study Methodology. The Qualitative Report, 3. Retrieved from http://www.nova.edu/ssss/QR/QR3-3/tellis2.html
The Broad Foundation. (2009). Gwinnett County Public Schools Quality Leader Plus Program. Retrieved from http://broadeducation.org/investments/current_investments/principals.html
The Daily Tar Heel. (2005). UNC Grads Should Teach. Retrieved from http://www.dailytarheel.com/2.1383/unc-grads-should-teach-1.195211
The Free Library. (2005). America`s Second Harvest Names The UPS Foundation `Grantmaker of the Year`; Foundation Honored for Donating $250,000 to Support Innovative Technology Project to Increase Food Distribution. Retrieved from http://www.thefreelibrary.com/America`s+Second+Harvest+Names+The+UPS+Foundation+`Grantmaker+of+the...-a0137791661
BoardSource. (2004). Ten Basic Responsibilities of Nonprofit Boards. Washington: BoardSource.
The International Fund for Agricultural Development. (2004). IFAD/NGO Extended Cooperation Programme (ECP) Retrieved from http://www.ifad.org/ngo/ecp/ecpexamples.htm
The Lancet. (2009). The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation`s Grant-Making Programme for Global Health. Retrieved from http://press.thelancet.com/gates.pdf
The Michigan Daily. (2002). Teach for America Hopes to Increase "U` Recruitment. Retrieved from http://www.michigandaily.com/content/teach-america-hopes-increase-u-recruitment
The Parliament. (2008). NGO of the Year. Retrieved from http://www.theparliament.com/index.php?id=703
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. (2005). Gates Foundation, Norway Contribute $1 Billion to Increase Child Immunization in Developing Countries. Retrieved from http://www.gatesfoundation.org/press-releases/Pages/support-for-the-global-alliance-for%20vaccines-050124.aspx
The Synergos Institute. (2006). Getting Water on the Global Agenda -- New Approaches in Private Philanthropy. Retrieved from http://www.synergos.org/globalgivingmatters/features/0701gwc.htm
The Washington Post. (2006). Bill Gates`s World of Possibility. Retrieved from http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/06/20/AR2006062001366.html
Thompson, A. A., & Strickland III, A. J. (1981). Strategy and Policy: Concepts and Cases. Plano. TX: Business Publications, Inc.
Thomson Reuters. (2008). Anne Hathaway, Scarlett Johansson, Ben Affleck and Jessica Alba Join Forces With Netflix and Feeding America to Combat Hunger This Holiday Season; Stars Create Original Holiday-Themed Artwork for Use in Netflix Holiday Gift Program with Proceeds Going to Feeding America for Hunger Relief. Retrieved from http://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS61685+15-Dec-2008+PRN20081215
Thomson Reuters Foundation. (2008). CARE Takes Emergency Steps to Prevent the Spread of Cholera During Food Distributions in Zimbabwe. Retrieved from http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/fromthefield/241510/122901051840.htm
BoardSource. (2004). Why Do Nonprofits Have Boards, and What Do Boards Do? Washington: BoardSource.
Toymania. (2006). Build-A-Bear: WWF Snow Leopard. Retrieved from http://www.toymania.com/news/messages/8474.shtml
University of Medicine & Dentistry of New Jersey. (2008). Teach for America CHEN Fellows Program. Retrieved from http://www.umdnj.edu/comreweb/chen/
Vernis, A. (2006). Nonprofit Organizations: Challenges and Collaboration. New York: Basingstoke.
Viltz, E. (2006). Build-A-Bear Workshop® Donates $1 Million for World Wildlife Fund. Retrieved from http://www.worldwildlife.org/who/media/press/2006/WWFPresitem845.html
Water and Sanitation Program. (2007). Total Sanitation and Sanitation Marketing Project. Retrieved from http://www.wsp.org/index.cfm?page=page_disp&pid=10402
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. (2005). Institute for OneWorld Health Receives Grant To Lay Foundation for Next Steps in Control of Deadly Infectious Disease. Retrieved from http://www.gatesfoundation.org/press-releases/Pages/institute-for-oneworld-health-receives-grant-050414.aspx
Water Webster. (2006). Water for Life: CARE’s Work to End the Global Water Crisis. Retrieved from http://waterwebster.org/CAREWaterAugust272006WW.htm
Weller, S. C., & Romney, K. (1988). Systematic Data Collection. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Wiener, B. (2008). Seeds of Change in Madagascar: Burpee and CARE Partner to Improve Nutrition. Retrieved from http://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS233608+17-Jan-2008+PRN20080117
Wilson, M. (2004). WWF Applauds First Global Forum to End Sea Turtle Bycatch Fatalities. Retrieved from http://www.enn.com/press_releases/214
Boaseman, G., & Phatak, A. (1989). Strategic Management: Text and Cases. NY: John Wiley and Sons.
Wolf, T. (1990). Managing a Nonprofit Organization. NY: Prentice Hall Press.
Wymer, W., Knowles, P., & Gomes, R. (2006). Nonprofit Marketing: Marketing Management for Charitable and Nongovernmental Organizations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Yin, R. (1994). Case Study Research (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Zawya. (2009). Dubai Cares, BMGF Partner to Improve the Lives of Children in Developing Countries Retrieved from http://www.zawya.com/Story.cfm/sidWAM20090419164030310/Dubai%20Cares,%20BMGF%20partner%20to%20improve%20the%20lives%20of%20children%20in%20developing%20countries%20/
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. (2005). New Partnership Launched to Accelerate and Evaluate National Malaria Control Program in Africa. Retrieved from http://www.gatesfoundation.org/press-releases/Pages/national-malaria-control-africa-050519.aspx
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. (2006). International Bank for Reconstruction and Development. Retrieved from http://www.gatesfoundation.org/Grants-2006/Pages/Grant-40639.aspx
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. (2006). New Funding to Boost Essential Nutrition Programs in Ten Developing Countries. Retrieved from http://www.gatesfoundation.org/press-releases/Pages/gain-grant-improved-nutrition-060327.aspx
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. (2007). Paying Attention to African Progress. Retrieved from http://www.gatesfoundation.org/nr/public/media/annualreports/annualreport07/AR2007GD4.html
Boney, R. (2008). U.S. Giving Hits Record $306 billion. Retrieved from http://www.philanthropyjournal.org/news/us-giving-hits-record-306-billion
Business247. (2009). Gates Foundation, Dubai Cares in Collaboration Deal. Retrieved from http://www.business24-7.ae/articles/2009/4/pages/19042009/04202009_58d3b812f7da41f386b9838d133b69de.aspx
Businessweek. (2007). Teach For America Taps Titans. Retrieved from http://www.businessweek.com/careers/content/sep2007/ca20070913_229347.htm?chan=careers_special+report+--+best+places+to+launch+a+career_best+places+to+launch+a+career
Lalley, T. (2007). WWF`s Smartgear Competition Honored by NOAA. Retrieved from http://www.worldwildlife.org/who/media/press/2007/WWFPresitem930.html
BusinessWeek. (2008). Teach For America. Retrieved from http://www.businessweek.com/careers/first_jobs/2008/11.htm
CARE International. (2008). CARE Calls for Quality Education for All - Girls Included. Retrieved from www.care-international.org/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=111
CARE International. (2008). CARE Takes Emergency Steps to Prevent the Spread of Cholera During Food Distributions. Retrieved from http://www.care-international.org/CARE-takes-emergency-steps-to-prevent-the-spread-of-cholera-during-food-distributions
CARE USA. (2006). Bringing Safe Water to Schools in Kenya. Retrieved from http://www.care.org/newsroom/articles/2006/12/20061214_kenya_water.asp
Carver, J. (1990). Boards That Make a Difference. San Franciso, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Castineira, A., & Vidal, P. (2003). Llibre Blanc del Tercer Sector Civic-Social. Barcelona: Observatori del Tercer Sector.
CBS Interactive Inc. (2005). CHEP is America`s Second Harvest ``Logistics Donor of the Year``. Retrieved from http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_2005_Dec_29/ai_n15982047/
Charity Navigator. (2007). Teach For America. Retrieved from http://www.charitynavigator.org/index.cfm?bay=search.summary&orgid=4992
Child, J., & Faulkner, D. (1998). Strategies of Cooperation. London: Oxford Press.
China.org. (2006). Gates Donates US$287 Million for AIDS Vaccine Research. Retrieved from http://www.china.org.cn/features/poverty/2006-07/21/content_1175379.htm
Lang, M. (2008). Bill and Melinda Gates Change a Needy World. Retrieved from http://www.thelangreport.com/solvers-and-solutions/bill-and-melinda-gates-change-a-needy-world/
Cnet. (2006). Newsmaker: `No alternative` to Microsoft Fine. Retrieved from http://news.cnet.com/No-alternative-to-Microsoft-fine/2008-1014_3-6093104.html
Cohen, M. D., & Bacdayan, P. (1994). “Organizational Routines Are Stored As Procedural Memory: Evidence From a Laboratory Study,” Organization Science, 5, 554-568.
Cohen, M. D., Burkhart, R., Dosi, M., Egidi, L., Marengo, M., Warglien, et al. (1996). “Routines and Other Recurring Action Patterns of Organizations: Contemporary Research,” Industrial and Corporate Change, 5, 653-698.
CollegeRecruiter. (2006). Get Paid by JPMorgan, Work for Teach for America. Retrieved from http://www.collegerecruiter.com/weblog/2006/12/get_paid_by_jpm.php
Collins, J. (2005). Good to Great and the Social Sectors: A Monograph to Accompany Good to Great Retrieved from http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0977326403/qid=1137080048/sr=1-2/ref=sr_1_2/102-7849465-0152967?s=books&v=glance&n=283155
Convio. (2007). Fifteen Nonprofits Recognized for their Creativity and Success in Maximizing Convio`s On-demand CRM, Content Management Solutions to Take Relationships to Next Level. Retrieved from http://cnvo-old.pub30.convio.net/convio/news/releases/innovator-awards.html
COSMOS. (2006). Bill Gates Pledges US$500 million to Global AIDS Fund. Retrieved from http://www.cosmosmagazine.com/news/536/bill-gates-pledges-us500-million-global-aids-fund
Creswell, J. (1997). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Traditions. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
CSRwire. (2005). America`s Second Harvest Names the UPS Foundation `Grantmaker of the Year`. Retrieved from http://www.csrwire.com/News/4593.html
Daft, R. L. (1986). Organization Theory and Design. St Paul: West Publishers Co.
Lank, E. (2006). Collaborative Advantage: How Organizations Win by Working Together. NY: Palgrave Macmillan.
Das, T. K., & Teng, B. (1998). “Between Trust and Control: Developing Confidence in Partner Cooperation in Alliances,” Academy of Management Review, 23 (2), 491-512.
De Pree, M. (2001). Called to Serve. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company.
DiMaggio, P., & Powell, W. W. (1983). “The Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields American,” Sociological Review, 48, 147-160.
Doyle, A. (2009). Teach for America. Retrieved from http://jobsearch.about.com/od/companyprofiles/p/teachforamerica.htm
Drucker, P. (1973). Management: Tasks, Responsibilities, and Practices. New York: Harper and Row.
Dubai Cares. (2009). Dubai Cares and Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Partner to Improve the Lives of Children in Developing Countries. Retrieved from http://www.dubaicares.ae/index.php/dubai-cares-media/news/dubai_cares_and_bill_melinda_gates_foundation_partner_to_improve_the_lives_/
EarthTimes. (2008). Anne Hathaway, Scarlett Johansson, Ben Affleck and Jessica Alba Join Forces With Netflix and Feeding America to Combat Hunger This Holiday Season. Retrieved from http://www.earthtimes.org/articles/show/anne-hathaway-scarlett-johansson-ben,654681.shtml
Echoglobe. (2007). Philanthropy Gates Style. Retrieved from http://www.ecoglobe.ch/economics/e/gate7730.htm
Elder, G., Eliza, P., & Elizabeth, C. (1993). Working with Archival Data: Studying Lives. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Essentialdrugs. (2005). Institute for OneWorld Health Receives Multimillion Dollar Grant to Lay Foundation for Next Steps in Control of Deadly Infectious Disease. Retrieved from http://www.essentialdrugs.org/edrug/archive/200504/msg00044.php
LankaNewspapers. (2007). Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Retrieved from http://www.lankanewspapers.com/news/2007/10/20230_space.html
Eye of Dubai. (2009). Dubai Cares and Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Partner to Improve the Lives of Children in Developing Countries. Retrieved from http://www.eyeofdubai.com/v1/news/newsdetail-30036.htm
Equator Initiative. (2002). 2002 News. Retrieved from http://www.equatorinitiative.org/knowledgebase/files/2002-0212_Nom_IviriTimbers_PapuaNewGuinea.doc
Fast Company. (2007). Social Capitalists: Teach for America. Retrieved from http://www.fastcompany.com/social/2007/profiles/profile38.html
Feagin, O., & Sjoberg, G. (1991). A Case for Case Study. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.
Feeding America. (2009). Seafood Initiative. Retrieved from http://feedingamerica.org/our-network/network-programs/seafood-initiative.aspx
Feldman, M. S., & March, J. (1981). “Information in Organizations as Signal and Symbol,” Administrative Science Quarterly, 26, 171-186.
Feldman, M. S., & Rafaeli, A. (2002). “Organizational Routines as Sources of Connections and Understandings,” Journal of Management Studies, 39, 309-332.
Financial Access Initiative. (2009). Supporters. Retrieved from http://financialaccess.org/about/supporters
Finfacts. (2005). Gates Foundation Announces 43 Research Projects to Discover New Ways to Fight Disease in Poorest Countries. Retrieved from http://www.finfacts.com/irelandbusinessnews/publish/article_10002406.shtml
Flanagan, P. (1993). “Strategic Alliances Keep Customers Plugged in,” Management Review, 82 (3), 24-26.
Lincoln, S., & Guba, G. (1985). Naturalistic Inquiry. Beverly Hills: Sage.
Forest Stewardship Council. (2003). Domtar–WWF Announce Partnership. Retrieved from http://www.fscus.org/news/archive.php?article=225&
Forest Stewardship Council. (2004). WWF Supports Newly Issued Recommendation for Certification of Alaska`s Bering Sea. Retrieved from http://www.msc.org/newsroom/msc-news/archive-2004/wwf-supports-newly-issued-recommendation-for
Foundationcenter. (2006). Gates, Rockefeller Foundations Form Alliance to Spur `Green Revolution` in Africa. Retrieved from http://foundationcenter.org/pnd/news/story.jhtml?id=156500005
Fritz, R. (1996). Corporate Tides: The Inescapable Laws of Organizational Structure. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler.
Galbraith, J. R. (1971). “Matrix Organizational Design,” Business Horizon, 15 (1), 29-40.
Gibson, C. K., Newton, D. J., & Cochran, D. S. (1990). An Empirical Investigation of Hospital Mission Statements. Health Care Management Review, 15, 35-45.
Glen H. Elder, Jr. Eliza K. Pavalko & Elizabeth C. Clipp. (1992). Working with Archival Data: Studying Lives. Sage University series on Quantitative Applications in the Social Sciences. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition. (2006). Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition Receives US$20 Million Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Grant. Retrieved from http://www.gainhealth.org/global-alliance-for-improved-nutrition-receives-us-20-million-bill-melinda-gates-foundation-grant
Grameen Foundation. (2006). Gates Foundation Awards $1.5 Million to Grameen Foundation. Retrieved from http://www.grameenfoundation.org/resource_center/newsroom/news_releases/~story=168
GSM World. (2009). GSMA and Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Partner to Expand Availability of Financial Services through Mobile Phones. Retrieved from http://www.gsmworld.com/newsroom/press-releases/2009/2549.htm
March, J. G. (1991). “Exploration and Exploitation in Organizational learning,” Organization Science, 2, 71-87.
GuideStar. (2008). Teach for America. Retrieved from http://www.guidestar.org/pqShowGsReport.do?partner=seo&ein=13-3541913
Harvard University Gazette Online. (2008). Teach For America`s Kopp Describes What Works, What Will Work. Retrieved from http://www.news.harvard.edu/gazette/2008/11.06/11-askwith.html
Healthedia (2007). Gates Foundation Gives $280 Million for TB Research. Retrieved from http://www.healthedia.com/sectors/directory/lancet-blog/865787?rsstype=tag&tag=global-health
Herman, R. D., & Renz, D. O. (2004). “Doing Things Right: Effectiveness in Local Non-Profit Organizations, A Panel Study,” Public Administration Review, 64 (6), 694-704.
Hodgkinson, V. A., Weitzman, M. S., Abrahams, J. A., & Crutchfield, E. A. (1996). Nonprofit Almanac 1996-1997: Dimensions of the Independent Sector. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Houle, C. O. (1997). Governing Boards: Their Nature and Nurture. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Hsiao, H. H. (1999). An Overview of Taiwan`s 300 Major Foundations. Taipei, Taiwan: Himalaya Foundation.
Endurance Trading. (2008). Six Organizational Structure of a MNC. Retrieved from http://www.endurancetrading.com/?p=209
Ingram, R. T. (1997). The Basic Responsibilities of Nonprofit Boards. Washington, DC: National Center for Nonprofit Boards.
InterAction. (2005). Pakistan Earthquake Homeless Number May Surpass Tsunami. Retrieved from http://www.interaction.org/newswire/detail.php?id=4465
March, J. G., & Simon, H. A. (1958). Organizations. New York: Wiley.
International Crop Science Congress. (2004). CARE Zimbabwe Agribusiness Entrepreneur Network and Training (AGENT) Program: Hostage Model. Retrieved from http://www.cropscience.org.au/icsc2004/symposia/4/6/997_rusikej.htm
Itami, H. (1987). Mobilizing Invisible Assets. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Juneau Empire. (2009). 2009 Season Opens for Harvest of Tons of Alaska Groundfish. Retrieved from http://www.juneauempire.com/stories/010509/sta_374077350.shtml
Kingdon, D. R. (1973). Matrix Organization: Managing Information Technologies. London: Tavistock.
Kolodny, H. F. (1979). “Evolution to a Matrix Organization,” Academy of Management Review, 4 (4), 543-553.
Kotler, P., & Andreasen, A. R. (1991). Strategic Marketing for Nonprofit Organizations. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Kotler, P., & Murray, M. (1975). “Third Sector Management--The Role of Marketing,” Public Administration Review, 35, 467-472.
Kvale, S. (1989). Issues of Validity in Qualitative Research. Lund, Sweden: Chartwell Bratt.
McFarlan, F. W. (1999). “Working on Nonprofit Boards: Don`t Assume the Shoe Fits,” Harvard Business Review, 77 (6), 65-89.
McNamara, C. (2008). Overview of Nonprofit Fundraising Sources and Approaches. Retrieved from http://managementhelp.org/fndrsng/np_raise/fndraise.htm
MedicalNewsToday. (2008). WFP, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation And Howard G. Buffett Foundation Join Forces. Retrieved from http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/122929.php
Babiak, K. (2003). Examining Partnerships in Amateur Sport: The Case of a Canadian National Sport Centre. University of British Columbia, Vancouver. |
| Description: | 碩士
國立政治大學
企業管理研究所
94355077
97 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0094355077 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| Appears in Collections: | [企業管理學系] 學位論文
|
Files in This Item:
| File |
Size | Format | |
|---|
| index.html | 0Kb | HTML2 | 355 | View/Open |
|
All items in 政大典藏 are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved.
|
