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    Title: 影響高科技研發人員過度工作因素及工作類型之探討
    Authors: 郭若蘭
    Daphne J. L. Kuo
    Contributors: 許文耀
    Hsu, Wen-yau
    郭若蘭
    Daphne J. L. Kuo
    Keywords: 高科技研發人員
    過度工作
    過度工作因素
    過度工作類型
    工作狂熱
    High-tech R&D professionals
    Excessive work
    Overwork
    Overworker
    Workaholism
    Date: 2002
    Issue Date: 2009-09-11 16:00:23 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 本研究旨在以Spence和Robbins（1992）工作狂熱建構中的內在驅迫因素和工作樂趣因素為基礎，並加入外在驅迫因素，來探討高科技研發人員過度工作的不同因素對於工作時數以及健康生活工作等層面變項的預測力或關聯性，最後由因素劃分出過度工作者類型，並比較不同類型過度工作者的差異性。本研究採問卷調查法，以249位台灣北部地區的高科技研發人員為樣本以及52位高科技行政人員為工作時數的對照組。研究結果發現：（1）研發人員與全國製造業工作者及高科技行政人員相較下，有顯著的過度工作現象。（2）外在驅迫因素意指源自專業工作環境而迫使個體長時數工作的各影響因素。針對研發人員，包括工作負荷過重、產業特性、組織文化酬賞等外在驅迫因素，以及內在驅迫因素，皆對過度工作具有顯著的預測力。而外在驅迫因素對研發人員過度工作的相對預測力高於內在因素。（3）對於健康生活工作三層面的影響性而言，內在因素中的內在驅迫有廣泛不利於三層面的顯著影響性而屬於健康生活工作的危險因子，內在因素中的工作樂趣則相對地於三層面皆有顯著助益而在三層面居於保護因子的角色；外在驅迫因素中的工作負荷過重，對於生活層面有顯著的不良影響，但對健康和工作沒有顯著影響。（4）辨識出三類型的過度工作研發人員，其中內在驅迫高工作樂趣低的「被驅迫狂」在各層面皆有最不利的行為表現，屬於積極的健康定義下的高危險群，內在驅迫高工作樂趣高的「幹勁狂」則較「被驅迫狂」有顯著較高的生活滿足，內在驅迫普通而工作樂趣高的「幹勁者」雖然長時數工作，但各層面狀況反而有優於全體研發人員平均值的傾向。最後，本研究針對上述研究結果做更深層的探討，並說明在個人層次和組織層次實務上的意涵。
    Two internal factors, “driveness” and “enjoyment of work” from the workaholism model of Spence and Robbins (1992), and “external force” factors were adopted to investigate the phenomenon of excessive work (defined as long hours of working) in the population of high-tech R&D professionals. The purpose of this study is to clarify the effects of these factors on high-tech R&D professionals’ working habits, as well as on their health and life styles. These factors were used to categorize high-tech R&D professionals further. The results showed (1) R&D professionals worked significantly longer hours than high-tech administrative staff and workers in manufacturing industry. (2) “Work overload”, one external force factor, compared to other factors, predicted best to R&D professionals’ hours of working. Moreover, the amount of variance explained by the external force factors was relatively larger than the internal factors. (3) Driveness was constantly found to be a risk factor for one’s holistic health, whereas the enjoyment of work was found to be a protective factor. The third factor, work overload, influenced one’s health only on one’s social life. (4) Three types of overworkers were identified: the nonenthusiastic workaholics (NWs), the enthusiastic workaholics (EWs), and the enthusiasts (Es). Among these overworkers, the NWs acted most consistently with the indicators of unhealthiness, showing that the NWs may be most vulnerable to health complaints, unsatisfied social life, and inefficient work habits. The EWs, though acted similarly as the NWs, were not as extreme as the NWs and had higher life-satisfaction than the NWs. As for Es, who also worked long hours, their health complains were the least of all workers and they had relatively healthy life styles than the other two kinds of workers. Implications of the internal and external factors on the high-tech R&D professionals, as well as the typology of the overworkers, were discussed.
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    國立政治大學
    心理學研究所
    88752005
    91
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    Data Type: thesis
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