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    題名: 既重用又防範的菁英甄補：中共海歸派高官的仕途發展與侷限
    其他題名: Elite Recruitment with Restraints: The Political Career of Oversea-returned Chinese Ranking Officials and Its Limitation
    作者: 寇健文
    Kou, Chien-Wen
    關鍵詞: 海歸派;菁英甄補;留學;中共;民主化
    oversea-returned students;elite recruitment;China;democratization
    日期: 2007-09
    上傳時間: 2008-12-30 15:16:45 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 海歸派高官的基本特徵是什麼？擔任哪些職務？具有哪些海歸經驗？在中國政治發展中扮演什麼角色？這些都是本文探討的課題。分析165位目前擔任副省部級以上職務的中共海歸派高官之後，本文發現海歸派高官具有下列特徵：(1)在全體副省部級高官的比例不到百分之十，比例很低；(2)多數是公派出國攻讀學位或進修研究；(3)學科專業集中在自然科學與經貿管理，社會科學與法學所佔比例都不高；(4)多數在政府技術經貿部門工作和大學研究單位工作，缺少地方黨政一把手的歷練；(5)多數滯留海外時間不到兩年；(6)非中共黨籍海歸派高官的比例高達兩成五，但多半只能擔任副省部級職務，或在全國人大政協擔任領導人級職務。
    本文認為造成上述現象的原因是「市場經濟」與「共產黨的領導地位」兩種邏輯妥協的結果。中共一方面進行經濟建設，不吝於重用前往歐美國家學習的專才；另一方面又提防傾心西方民主政治的人士進入體制任職。兩種邏輯碰撞妥協之下，出現「既重用又防範」的矛盾現象。中共願意在經貿科技領域重用海歸派，但組織、宣傳等部門就很少晉用海歸派。同時，中共偏好滯留國外時間短、公派出國的海歸派，長期滯留國外、自費出國的海歸派則較難受到青睞。因此，外界不應高估海歸派在中國民主化過程中的角色。
    The article explores the characteristics of Chinese ranking officials with oversea study backgrounds and examines the role of these oversea-returned officials in Chinese political development. After analyzing 165 returned students currently holding posts at the vice minister level or above, this article finds (1) their share in the total ranking officials at the vice minister level or above is less than 10%; (2) they usually are public funded to study abroad for a degree or for a short-term training and research program; (3) most of them major in natural science and engineering, or economics and management; (4) the majority of these elites work in technical and professional ministries in the government, or in major universities and research institutes; (5) their oversea study duration is usually less than two years; and (6) a quarter of these ranking cadres are not members of the Chinese Communist Party.
    These findings reveal, as this article argues, that Chinese leaders are willing to put West-trained returned students in important posts in order to promote economic growth but, take measures to prevent these returned students from becoming a source of promoting political reform. West-trained returned students are absent in the systems of organization, propaganda, ideology, military and national security. China is also less willing to promote those who are self-funded and spend a long duration in study abroad. Therefore, the role of West-trained returned students in China`s democratic transition cannot be overestimated.
    關聯: 中國大陸研究, 50(3), 1-28
    資料類型: article
    顯示於類別:[政治學系] 期刊論文
    [中國大陸研究 TSSCI] 期刊論文

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