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| Title: | 論以公平與公正待遇條款推動環境永續發展的可行性
Exploring the Potential of the Fair and Equitable Clause in Supporting Environmental Sustainability |
| Authors: | 張育瑋
Chang, Yu-Wei |
| Contributors: | 薛景文
Hsueh, Ching-Wen
張育瑋
Chang, Yu-Wei |
| Keywords: | 公平與公正待遇
環境之永續發展
國際投資協定
Fair and Equitable Treatment
Environmental Sustainability
International Investment Agreements |
| Date: | 2025 |
| Issue Date: | 2025-08-04 14:14:37 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 國際投資協定中（International Investment Agreement）的公平與公正待遇（Fair and Equitable Treatment, FET）條款，目的在於保障外國投資人免於遭受歧視或不當對待，要求地主國提供公平且可預期的法律體系。隨著國際社會對氣候變遷、生物多樣性喪失等全球性挑戰的關注日益加深，各國開始積極制定國內環境政策與相關規範。然而地主國的環境保護措施通常會對外國投資人產生重大影響，因此FET條款成為外國投資人挑戰國家環境政策的重要依據。在此情形下，如何在投資保障與環境永續之間取得平衡，成為當前國際投資法與國際環境法交錯處的重大挑戰。
本篇論文旨在探討FET條款是否具備整合國際環境法義務、進而推動環境永續發展的可行性，而不會單方面淪為外國投資人之抗辯利器。本文首先分析FET條款之起源、類型與法律效果，接著闡述現行國際環境法之核心原則與義務內容，分析國際投資協定與國際環境協定所產生之義務衝突。再者，本篇論文從仲裁實務出發，分析多起投資仲裁案例中仲裁庭對於FET條款與環境措施間的解釋與權衡模式。本文進一步提出具體制度設計建議，如將國際環境法原則納入投資協定前言、將預防原則解釋為習慣國際法、或將環境保護義務解釋為具有習慣國際法下之「對世性義務（erga omnes）」性質，作為協調投資保護與環境義務的橋樑。
本文認為，雖然FET條款長期具有高度爭議性，但其概念彈性與仲裁實務演進，為其轉化為促進環境永續發展的重要平台提供了可能性。透過條文本身與詮釋路徑之調整，FET條款未來可望兼容投資保障與永續義務，成為建構投資法與環境法整合新秩序的核心支點。
The Fair and Equitable Treatment (FET) clause in International Investment Agreements (IIAs) aims to protect foreign investors from discrimination or unfair treatment by requiring host states to provide a fair and predictable legal environment. In response to the growing global concern over climate change, biodiversity loss, and other urgent environmental challenges, many states have increasingly taken proactive steps to develop domestic environmental policies and regulations. However, such environmental protection measures often have significant impacts on foreign investors, making the FET clause a key legal basis for investors to challenge national environmental policies. In this context, finding a balance between investment protection and environmental sustainability has become a major challenge at the intersection of international investment law and international environmental law.
This thesis examines the feasibility of interpreting the FET clause as a tool for integrating international environmental obligations and promoting sustainable environmental development, rather than allowing it to become merely a defensive instrument for foreign investors. The study first examines the origins, types, and legal effects of the FET clause. It then outlines the core principles and obligations of contemporary international environmental law and analyzes the normative conflicts between IIAs and international environmental agreements. Furthermore, by engaging with arbitral jurisprudence, this thesis analyzes how tribunals have interpreted the FET clause and weighed environmental considerations against investors’ rights. Based on this analysis, the study proposes concrete recommendations, such as incorporating international environmental principles into the preambles of investment treaties, interpreting the "precautionary principle" as customary international law, or recognizing environmental obligations as "erga omnes" under customary international law. These proposals aim to bridge the gap between investment protection and environmental responsibilities.
The thesis concludes that, despite its long-standing controversy, the flexible nature of the FET clause and the evolving arbitral practice offer the potential for transforming it into a platform for promoting environmental sustainability. Through adjustments in treaty drafting and interpretative approaches, the FET clause may serve as a critical pillar for constructing a new legal order that integrates investment protection with international environmental obligations. |
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| Description: | 碩士
國立政治大學
國際經營與貿易學系
110351044 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0110351044 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| Appears in Collections: | [國際經營與貿易學系 ] 學位論文
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