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| 题名: | 電動車至家庭 (V2H) 之成本有效性分析 : 車主觀點vs全社會觀點
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Vehicle-to-Home (V2H): EV Owner Perspective vs. Societal Perspective |
| 作者: | 鄭特緯 |
| 贡献者: | 許志義
吳學良
鄭特緯 |
| 关键词: | 電動車
電動車至家庭
成本有效性
敏感度分析
淨現值
益本比
Electric Vehicle
Vehicle-to-Home(V2H)
Cost-Effectiveness
Sensitivity Analysis
Net Present Value(NPV)
Benefit-Cost Ratio(BCR) |
| 日期: | 2025 |
| 上传时间: | 2025-08-04 12:52:10 (UTC+8) |
| 摘要: | 本研究旨在從電動車車主觀點與全社會觀點出發，探討「電動車至家庭」(Vehicle-to-Home, V2H)模式在不同電價結構下的經濟可行性。透過設定三種模式(分別對應累進電價、二段式時間電價與三段式時間電價)與六種情境，分析電動車在執行V2H過程中之固定成本、變動成本與潛在效益，並運用淨現值法與益本比法之決策項與燃油車競品進行成本有效性分析以及針對電價結構的敏感度分析。
研究結果指出，對於夏月用電超過1,400度、非夏月用電超過1,300度之高用電家庭，採用結合電動車充換電設施電價與累進電價之模式一，在車主觀點與全社會觀點下皆具較佳成本有效性，主要原因為高用電量家庭於累進電價下節省電費效益顯著，同時可藉電動車充換電設施離峰特別優惠電價降低充電成本；相較之下，兩種時間電價雖具尖離峰價差優勢，惟實際節省電費支出的效果，對於此類高用電家庭來說，仍不及累進電價架構。
此外，敏感度分析顯示：電價結構變動擴大尖離峰價差倍數，亦有助提升V2H模式的成本有效性。
This study aims to evaluate the economic feasibility of the Vehicle-to-Home (V2H) model from both the perspective of electric vehicle (EV) owners and that of society as a whole under different electricity pricing structures. By designing three application models—corresponding to progressive pricing, two-tier time-of-use pricing, and three-tier time-of-use pricing—and simulating six scenarios, this study analyzes the fixed costs, variable costs, and potential benefits involved in the implementation of V2H. The cost-effectiveness is assessed through Net Present Value (NPV) and Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR) methods, in comparison with conventional internal combustion engine vehicles, along with a sensitivity analysis on the electricity rate structures. The data used in this study is primarily derived from real-world settings and market prices, simulating the impact of V2H in high electricity consumption households during summer and non-summer months.
The research findings indicate that for high-consumption households—defined as those with monthly electricity usage exceeding 1,400 kWh in summer months and 1,300 kWh in non-summer months—the adoption of Mode 1, which integrates EV charging tariffs with progressive electricity pricing, demonstrates superior cost-effectiveness from both the vehicle owner's and the societal perspectives. This is primarily attributable to the significant electricity bill savings under the progressive tariff structure for high-consumption households, as well as the ability to leverage off-peak discounted EV charging rates to reduce charging costs. In contrast, although time-of-use pricing schemes offer peak and off-peak price differentials, the actual cost-saving effect for such high-consumption households remains less pronounced than that under the progressive tariff regime.
In addition, sensitivity analyses reveal that enlarging the price ratio between peak and off-peak periods under time-of-use pricing structures can further enhance the cost-effectiveness of the V2H model. |
| 參考文獻: | 一、 中文文獻
1. 交通部統計處(2022)。111年自用小客車使用狀況調查報告。中華民國交通部。
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二、 英文文獻
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三、 網路資源
1. 台電公司(2025)。電價表。
https://www.taipower.com.tw/2289/2290/46940/46945/normalPost
2. Nuvve Holding Corp.(2023). SDG&E and Cajon Valley Union School District flip the switch on region’s first vehicle-to-grid project.
https://nuvve.com/sdge-and-cajon-valley-union-school-district-flip-the-switch-on-regions-first-vehicle-to-grid-project-featuring-local-electric-school-busescapable-of-sending-power-to-the-grid
3. Schmidt, B.(2025). Bidirectional EV chargers explained: V2G, V2H & V2L in Australia (2025 guide). The Driven.
https://www.solarchoice.net.au/ev/charging/bidirectional-v2g-V2H-v2l
4. Sempra.(2023). SDG&E and General Motors explore vehicle-grid and vehicle-home technology.
https://www.sempra.com/newsroom/press-releases/sdge-general-motors-explore-vehicle-grid-and-vehicle-home-technology
5. Smart Energy Council.(2025). Vehicle-to-grid: tried, tested and network ready.
https://smartenergy.org.au/vehicle-to-grid-tried-tested-and-network-ready/
6. Southern California Edison.(2023). Accelerating vehicle-to-grid research.
https://energized.edison.com/stories/accelerating-vehicle-to-grid-research
7. Toyota.(2012). TMC develops mutual power supply system for electric vehicles and homes: Tests to start in Toyota City at end of 2012.
https://global.toyota/en/detail/153521?utm_
8. U.S. Congress(2021): Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act.
https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/3684
9. U.S. Department of Transportation. (2024). USDOT releases national deployment plan for Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) technologies to reduce deaths and serious injuries on America’s roadways. Federal Highway Administration.
https://highways.dot.gov/newsroom/usdot-releases-national-deployment-plan-vehicle-everything-v2x-technologies-reduce-death |
| 描述: | 碩士
國立政治大學
經濟學系
112258030 |
| 資料來源: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0112258030 |
| 数据类型: | thesis |
| 显示于类别: | [經濟學系] 學位論文
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