| Abstract: | 華人的個人與家庭是一種無條件的互相依賴的關係，家庭對華人之影響至鉅，目前社會福利相關服務皆朝向以家庭為中心以兼顧系統性和完整性。另一方面，文化敏感度早已是實務過程中廣為人知之議題，例如在精神病患的家庭照顧議題方面，許多的學者呼籲專業人員在進行家庭處遇、家庭諮詢和心理治療時需要考量華人文化內涵對家庭成員的社會心理所產生的影響，如疾病歸因、維持人際和諧的需求、孝道、顏面、內疚、羞恥等因素，方能進入照顧者的內心世界，並知道如何應對其拒絕服務和照顧的決策和行為等。有台灣學者認為華人文化和西方文化有著根本的不同，前者是「包容式個人主義」，後者是「自足式個人主義」，並呼籲需要建構融合華人文化觀點的心理諮商模式。而筆者自身的研究經驗和觀察也指向建構符合華人文化傳統之家庭處遇模式的必要性。筆者觀察到社工員對於家庭的處遇，有成功經驗也有感到吃力之處，往往涉及照顧過程的親子衝突或是婚姻衝突，在這些關係中夾雜著期待、挫折、失望、羞愧、罪咎感等情緒；或是下對上的不服管教或暴力行為等複雜議題。基於文獻所得和過去實踐復元和優勢觀點於家庭處遇的經驗，本研究試圖深究在家庭處遇當中與華人文化相關的議題，並且透過與實務工作者合作的方法，在復元和優勢觀點的基礎之下，依循中庸思維，共同建構符合華人文化取向且具有可行性和有效性之家庭處遇模式。本研究將以高風險(脆弱)家庭處遇為焦點，採用參與式行動研究方法，以四年時間分三階段進行，第一階段(第一年)為了解實務現況，第二階段(第二年)為建構家庭處遇模式，第三階段(第三、四年) 則是將第二階段的成果於實務中實踐並形成最後的模式。研究參與者為新北市政府社會局社工科轄下之社福中心的督導和社工員，透過其貢獻實務智慧，共同發展可行的家庭處遇模式，期盼同時嘉惠服務對象、社工員、和學術知識之累積。
Among Chinese, the individuals and their family are highly interdependent. The family has tremendous influences on its members. The current trend of social welfare services has emphasized family-centered to provide systematic and comprehensive services. On the other hand, cultural sensitivity has been well-noticed among practitioners. For example, in the family care for the persons with mental illness, many researchers called for the practitioners should take into account the Chinese culture, such as attribution of cause, the need for interpersonal harmony, filial piety, face, guilt, and shame, etc., therefore they could have empathy for the inner thoughts and feelings of the family caregivers and understand why they rejected the services. Literature in Taiwan also maintained that Chinese culture and Western culture have fundamental differences, the former is ensembled individualism, and the latter is self-contained individualism; thus, there is a need to take Chinese culture into consideration in performing psychological counseling. My own research experiences and observations have led myself into such a need as well. Base on my observation, while providing family intervention, social workers have some successful experiences; however, they also faced difficulties, such as conflicts between parent-child conflicts, marital conflicts. Within the relationship, there are mixed feelings of expectation, frustration, disappointment, shame, guilt, etc. Based on the literature and my own observation, this study aims to explore the Chinese culture issues in the family intervention and to construct Chinese cultural oriented family intervention based on recovery and strengths perspective and the doctrine of the mean. This study will adopt Participatory Action Research method and focus on high-risk family intervention. It will be a four-year study with three stages. The first stage focuses on understanding the current situation of family practice. The second stage is for constructing the family intervention model. The third stage will be enacting the model in the daily practice. The research site will be the social services bureau of New Taipei City government. The supervisors and social workers of the ten social welfare service centers will be the collaborators of the study. Through their contribution of practice wisdom, collaboratively, a feasible family intervention model for Chinese will be developed and might be beneficial for the service recipients, social workers, and the knowledge-building. |
