Loading...
|
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/157805
|
| Title: | 法國與中國:他們各自的核能策略是生態轉型的動力還是障礙?
France vs China: Is their respective nuclear energy strategy a driver or a barrier to their ecological transition? |
| Authors: | 韋格恬
Vial, Gaëtan |
| Contributors: | 林月雲
Carol Lin, Yeh-Yun
韋格恬
Vial, Gaëtan |
| Keywords: | 核能
碳中和
法國
中國
能源策略
社會技術轉型
國有企業
可再生能源
綠色技術
Nuclear energy
Carbon neutrality
France
China
Energy strategy
Socio-technical transition
State-owned enterprises
Renewable energy
Green technologies |
| Date: | 2025 |
| Issue Date: | 2025-07-01 15:00:51 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 這篇論文通過對法國和中國能源戰略的比較分析，探討核能在實現碳中和過渡過程中所扮演的催化劑或障礙角色。儘管兩國均將核能視為低碳的替代方案，但由於制度、政治和社會技術背景的不同，兩國的發展道路存在顯著差異。法國長期依賴核電，其特點是中央集权管理、制度惰性和日益增加的公眾阻力，使人擔心其能否有效地擴大可再生能源的規模。與此形成對比的是，中國的做法具有技術樂觀、快速創新的特點，並且不斷努力重新集中其分散的治理結構。然而，中國的電網限制、透明度問題和地方反對顯示了可再生能源整合的結構性障礙。本研究利用多層次觀點（MLP）和過渡路徑框架，評估了國家背景如何影響核能在更廣泛的去碳化目標中的有效性。本研究的結論是，單靠核能或可再生能源都無法確保有效的過渡；相反地，解決制度協調、公眾參與及需求端改革的整合策略才是關鍵。本論文提供了政策建議，供各國在設計面向未來的低碳能源系統時進行類似的取捨。
This thesis investigates the role of nuclear energy as a catalyst or barrier to transitioning towards carbon neutrality, through a comparative analysis of France and China’s energy strategies. While both nations present nuclear power as a low-carbon alternative, their paths diverge significantly due to distinct institutional, political, and socio-technical contexts. France’s long-standing reliance on nuclear power is marked by centralized governance, institutional inertia, and increasing public resistance, raising concerns over its ability to scale up renewables effectively. In contrast, China’s approach is characterized by techno-optimism, rapid innovation, and growing efforts to recentralize its fragmented governance structures. However, China's grid limitations, transparency issues, and local opposition reveal structural barriers to the integration of renewables. Drawing on the Multi-Level Perspective (MLP) and transition pathway frameworks, this study evaluates how national contexts influence the effectiveness of nuclear energy within broader decarbonization goals. It concludes that neither nuclear nor renewables alone can ensure an effective transition; instead, integrated strategies that address institutional coordination, public engagement, and demand-side reforms are crucial. The thesis offers policy recommendations for countries navigating similar trade-offs in designing future-proof, low-carbon energy systems. |
| Reference: | Adamantiades, A., & Kessides, I. (2009). Nuclear power for sustainable development: Current status and future prospects. Energy Policy, 37(12), 5149–5166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2009.07.052
Aghahosseini, A., Solomon, A. A., Breyer, C., Pregger, T., Simon, S., Strachan, P., et al. (2023). Energy system transition pathways to meet the global electricity demand for ambitious climate targets and cost competitiveness. Applied Energy, 331, 120401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120401
Andrews-Speed, P. (2023). Nuclear power in China: Its role in national energy policy (OIES Paper CE3 / ET06, pp. 6–12). Oxford Institute for Energy Studies. https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/nuclear-power-in-china-its-role-in-national-energy-policy/
Auffhammer, M., et al. (2021). Modeling the causal linkages between nuclear energy, renewable energy and economic growth in developed and developing countries. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 103, 102–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.10.046
Azam, A., Rafiq, M., Shafique, M., & Yuan, J. (2021). Towards achieving environmental sustainability: The role of nuclear energy, renewable energy, and ICT in the top-five carbon emitting countries. Energy Reports, 7, 1120–1135. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2021.804706
Basalla, G. (1988). The evolution of technology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107049864
Baykov, A., Crowley-Vigneau, A., & Kalyuzhnova, Y. (2021). The French nuclear challenge to the EU green energy governance. Energy Policy, 155, 112309. https://doi.org/10.31857/S0201708323040058
Berkers, E., & Geels, F. W. (2011). System innovation through stepwise reconfiguration: The case of technological transitions in Dutch greenhouse horticulture (1930–1980). Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 23(3), 227–247. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2011.550392
Bogdanov, D., Gulagi, A., Fasihi, M., & Breyer, C. (2021). Full energy sector transition towards 100% renewable energy supply: Integrating power, heat, transport and industry sectors including desalination. Applied Energy, 283, 116273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.116273
Bonduelle, A. (2024). Les SMR : le nouveau mirage de l’industrie nucléaire. Enquête sur les petits réacteurs nucléaires SMR. Reporterre. https://reporterre.net/Les-SMR-le-nouveau-mirage-de-l-industrie-nucleaire
Bonneval, L., & Lacroix-Lasnoë, C. (2011). L’opinion publique et européenne et le nucléaire après Fukushima. Paris: Fondation Jean Jaurès. https://www.jean-jaures.org/publication/lopinion-publique-europeenne-et-le-nucleaire-apres-fukushima/
Bragg-Sitton, S., Ruth, M., Boardman, R., et al. (2014). Opportunities and challenges for nuclear-renewable hybrid energy systems. Energy Procedia, 57, 64–73. https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy19osti/72004.pdf
Brook, B. W., Alonso, A., Meneley, D. A., Misak, J., Blees, T., & van Erp, J. B. (2014). Why nuclear energy is sustainable and has to be part of the energy mix. Sustainable Materials and Technologies, 1–2, 8–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susmat.2014.11.001
Brouard, S., & Guinaudeau, I. (2015). Policy beyond politics? Public opinion, party politics and the French pro-nuclear energy policy. French Politics, 13(4), 370–393. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0143814X14000221
Brown, L. R., & Bauer, M. L. (2009). Effects of hydrologic infrastructure on flow regimes of California’s Central Valley rivers: Implications for fish populations. River Research and Applications, 26(6), 633–653. https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.1293
CGTN. (2025). https://news.cgtn.com/
CRRC. (2023). Annual Report 2023. http://www.crrcgc.cc/
Capacity mechanisms. (2023). https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/markets-and-consumers/capacity-mechanisms_en
Charmant, A., Devezeaux de Lavergne, J.-G., Ladoux, N., & Vielle, M. (1994). Nuclear energy in France: Assessing its impacts on the economy and the environment. CNA/CNS Annual Conference, Montreal, Canada. https://inis.iaea.org/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/26/052/26052639.pdf
Chen, Y., Martin, G., Chabert, C., Eschbach, R., He, H., & Ye, G.-A. (2018). Prospects in China for nuclear development up to 2050. Energy Strategy Reviews, 21, 12–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnucene.2017.11.011
Commission nationale du débat public. (2025). https://www.debatpublic.fr/
Culpepper, P. (2011). Quiet politics and business power: Corporate control in Europe and Japan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511760716
Damette, O., & Del Lo, G. (2021). Renewable energy drivers in France: A spatial econometric perspective. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 135, 110387. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2021.1998415
Davis, L. W. (2012). Prospects for nuclear power. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 26(1), 49–66. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.26.1.49
Department of Energy. (2015). Quadrennial technology review: An assessment of energy technologies and research opportunities. https://www.energy.gov/quadrennial-technology-review-2015
Dialogue.Earth. (2025). https://dialogue.earth/
Dimitrova, M. (2008). French nuclear energy and its environmental impact. Environmental Science and Policy, 11(5), 404–413. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=a911098620e86cd89a631af2bef4e0a6f55faf4a
Duan, L., Petroski, R., Wood, L., & Caldeira, K. (2022). Stylized least-cost analysis of flexible nuclear power in deeply decarbonized electricity systems considering wind and solar resources worldwide. Nature Energy, 7, 260–269. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-022-00979-x
Dubois, J. (2024). Les énergies renouvelables en France: Analyse d’une planification entravée. Éditions Alternatives. https://www.quae.com/produit/1888/9782759239382/les-energies-renouvelables-en-france
Elysée. (2025). https://www.elysee.fr/
Findlay, T. (2011). Nuclear energy and global governance: Ensuring safety, security and non-proliferation. London and New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203834503
Fritsche, U. R., Berndes, G., Cowie, A. L., Dale, V. H., Kline, K. L., Langeveld, H., et al. (2017). Global land outlook working paper—energy and land use. UNCCD and IRENA, Bonn. https://www.irena.org/publications/2017/Oct/Energy-and-Land-Use
Gans-Combe, C., Jun, J.-Y., Mouhali, W., Rakotondratsimba, Y., & Baccar, A. (2023). Making green growth a reality: Reconciling sobriety with stakeholders’ satisfaction. Energy Research & Social Science, 98, 103014. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0284487
Gao, R., Ko, W-I., Choi, S., Kim, S. (2017). Quantitative and economic assessments of nuclear fuel cycle transition in China. Proc of GLOBAL 2015, 101, 526-536. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2017.12.009
Geels, F. W. (2002). Technological transitions as evolutionary reconfiguration processes: A multi-level perspective and a case-study. Research Policy, 31(8–9), 1257–1274. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(02)00062-8
Geels, F. W., Kern, F., Fuchs, G., Hinderer, N., Kungl, G., Mylan, J., Neukirch, M., & Wassermann, S. (2016). The enactment of socio-technical transition pathways: A reformulated typology and a comparative multi-level analysis of the German and UK low-carbon electricity transitions (1990–2014). Research Policy, 45(4), 896–913. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2016.01.015
Hall, C. A., Lambert, J. G., & Balogh, S. B. (2014). EROI of different fuels and the implications for society. Energy Policy, 64, 141–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2013.05.049
Han, H. (2019). From fragmentation to centralization in policymaking: An explanation for the expansion of China's civilian nuclear industry. The China Review, 19(3), 91–118. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26893950
Han, H. (2020). Strategic centralization in China’s nuclear sector. Energy Policy, 138, 111240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2019.111240
Hayashi, M., & Hughes, L. (2013). The policy responses to the Fukushima nuclear accident and their effect on Japanese energy security. Energy Policy, 59, 86–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2012.08.059
Haywood, L., Leroutier, M., & Pietzcker, R. (2023). Why investing in new nuclear plants is bad for the climate. Nature Energy, 8, 506–513. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2023.07.006
Ho, W. S., Macchietto, S., Lim, J. S., Hashim, H., Muis, Z. A., & Liu, W. H. (2016). Optimal scheduling of energy storage for renewable energy distributed energy generation system. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 58, 1100–1107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.12.097
Hodge, B. S., Jain, H., Brancucci, C., Seo, G., Korpås, M., & Kiviluoma, J. (2020). Addressing technical challenges in 100% variable inverter-based renewable energy power systems. WIREs Energy and Environment, 9, e376. https://doi.org/10.1002/wene.376
Huesemann, M., & Huesemann, J. (2011). Techno-fix: Why technology won't save us or the environment. Gabriola Island: New Society Publishers. https://books.google.com/books/about/Techno_Fix.html?id=KZ3zAgAAQBAJ
International Energy Agency. (2022). https://www.iea.org/
J. Mokyr. (2002). The gifts of Athena: Historical origins of the knowledge economy. Princeton: Princeton University Press. https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Gifts_of_Athena.html?id=k9bTtNh4-i0C
Jackson, A., & Jackson, T. (2021). Modelling energy transition risk: The impact of declining energy return on investment (EROI). Ecological Economics, 186, 107052. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2021.107023
Kallis, G., Schneider, F., & Martinez-Alier, J. (2010). Crisis or opportunity? Economic degrowth for social equity and ecological sustainability. Introduction to this special issue. Journal of Cleaner Production, 18(6), 511–518. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2010.01.014
Kerlinger, P., Gehring, J. L., Erickson, W. P., Curry, R., Jain, A., & Guarnaccia, J. (2010). Night migrant fatalities and obstruction lighting at wind turbines in North America. The Wilson Journal of Ornithology, 122(4), 744–754. https://doi.org/10.1676/06-075.1
King, C. W., & Hall, C. A. (2011). Relating financial and energy return on investment. Sustainability, 3(10), 1810–1832. https://doi.org/10.3390/su3101810
Kirpotin, S. (2012). The Post Carbon Reader: Managing the 21st Century’s Sustainability Crisis. International Journal of Environmental Studies, 69(4), 669–670. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207233.2012.660752
Kong, B., & Gallagher, K. P. (2017). Globalizing Chinese energy finance: The role of policy banks. Energies, 10(4), 534. https://doi.org/10.1080/10670564.2017.1337307
La Tribune. (2024). https://www.latribune.fr/
Laes, E., Chayapathi, L., Meskens, G., & Eggermont, G. (2004). Kernenergie en Maatschappelijk Debat. SCK-CEN/VUB, VIWTA. https://www.laka.org/docu/catalogus/publicatie/2.03.0.00/33_kernenergie-en-maatschappelijk-debat
Lam, P.-L. (2005). Energy in China: Development and prospects. China Perspectives, 2005(59), 2–10. https://doi.org/10.4000/chinaperspectives.2783
Le Dauphiné Libéré. (2024). https://www.ledauphine.com/
Le Figaro. (2016). https://www.lefigaro.fr/
Le Monde. (2024). https://www.lemonde.fr/
Les Echos. (2022). https://www.lesechos.fr/
Libération. (2016). https://www.liberation.fr/
Lovins, A. B., et al. (2002). Small is profitable: The hidden economic benefits of making electrical resources the right size. Snowmass: Rocky Mountain Institute. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315073804
Maïzi, N., & Assoumou, E. (2014). Future prospects for nuclear power in France. Energy Policy, 73, 341–354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.03.056
Ministry of Ecology. (2024). https://www.ecologie.gouv.fr/
Ministry of Economy. (2023). https://www.economie.gouv.fr/france-2030
Mitnick, B. M. (1975). The theory of agency: The policing "paradox" and regulatory behavior. Public Choice, 24(1), 27–42. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01718413
Murphy, D. J., & Hall, C. A. (2011). Energy return on investment, peak oil, and the end of economic growth. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1219(1), 52–72. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05940.x
Optima-Energie. (2024). https://www.optima-energie.fr/
Orano. (2022). https://www.orano.group/
Ouest-France. (2024). https://www.ouest-france.fr/
Präger, F., Breyer, C., Fell, H.-J., von Hirschhausen, C., Kemfert, C., Steigerwald, B., Traber, T., & Wealer, B. (2024). Evaluating nuclear power’s suitability for climate change mitigation: Technical risks, economic implications and incompatibility with renewable energy systems. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 188, 113938. https://doi.org/10.3389/frevc.2024.1242818
Ren, J., & Sovacool, B. K. (2015). Prioritizing low-carbon energy sources to enhance China’s energy security. Energy, 84, 551–564. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2014.12.044
Reuters. (2023). https://www.reuters.com/
Ross, S. A. (1973). The economic theory of agency: The principal's problem. The American Economic Review, 63(2), 134–139. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1817064
Rugolo, J., & Aziz, M. J. (2012). Electricity storage for intermittent renewable sources. Energy & Environmental Science, 5(5), 7151–7160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C2EE02542F
Ruth, M., Cutler, D., Flores-Espino, F., Stark, G., & Jenkin, T. (2016). The economic potential of three nuclear-renewable hybrid energy systems providing thermal energy to industry. Energy, 112, 1104–1116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2016.06.058
Ruth, M., Cutler, D., Flores-Espino, F., Stark, G., Jenkin, T., Simpkins, T., & Macknick, J. (2016). The economic potential of two nuclear-renewable hybrid energy systems. Energy, 117, 112–125. https://doi.org/10.2172/1333039
Ruth, M., Spitsen, P., & Boardman, R. (2018). Opportunities and challenges for nuclear-renewable hybrid energy systems. Energy Policy, 119, 317–330. https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy19osti/72004.pdf
Sadekin, S., Zaman, S., Mahfuz, M., & Sarkar, R. (2018). Nuclear power as foundation of a clean energy future: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 88, 220–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.200
Schot, J., & Geels, F. W. (2007). Niches in evolutionary theories of technical change. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 17(5), 605–622. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00191-007-0057-5
Sebi, C., & Vernay, A. L. (2020). Community renewable energy in France: The state of development and the way forward. Energy Policy, 147, 111874. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111874
Serp, J., Poinssot, C., & Bourg, S. (2017). Assessment of the anticipated environmental footprint of future nuclear energy systems. Energies, 10(9), 1445. https://doi.org/10.3390/en10091445
Smith, A., & Raven, R. (2012). What is protective space? Reconsidering niches in transitions to sustainability. Research Policy, 41(6), 1025–1036. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2011.12.012
Sornette, D., Kröger, W., & Wheatley, S. (2019). New ways and needs for exploiting nuclear energy. Berlin: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17483-1
Sortir du Nucléaire. (2024). https://www.sortirdunucleaire.org/
Suman, S. (2018). Hybrid nuclear-renewable energy systems: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 82, 2123–2146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.01.262
Sætra, H. S. (Ed.). (2023). Technology and sustainable development: The promise and pitfalls of techno-solutionism. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003325086
Terres et Territoires. (2024). https://terres-et-territoires.com/
Thomas, S. (2016). The Hinkley Point decision: An analysis of the policy process. Energy Policy, 96, 421–431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2016.06.021
Thomas, S. (2017). China's nuclear export drive: Trojan Horse or Marshall Plan? Energy Policy, 101, 683–691. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2016.09.038
Verbruggen, A. (2008). Renewable and nuclear power: A common future? Energy Policy, 36(11), 4036–4047. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.06.024
Wong, S-S. (2017). China Nuclear Power Plant Incidents Highlight ‘Systemic’ Safety Concerns. Radio Free Asia. https://www.rfa.org/english/news/china/concerns-01092017121057.html
World Nuclear Association. (2025). https://world-nuclear.org/
World Nuclear News. (2025). https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/
Wu, Y. (2017). Public acceptance of constructing coastal/inland nuclear power plants in post-Fukushima China. Energy Policy, 101, 484–491. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2016.11.008
Xiao, Q., Liu, H., & Feldman, M. W. (2017). How does trust affect acceptance of a nuclear power plant (NPP): A survey among people living with Qinshan NPP in China. Energy Policy, 106, 112–120. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0187941
Xiao, S., & Xu, Y. (2024). (Re)Centralization: How China is balancing central and local power in science, technology, and innovation. Science and Public Policy. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3dm955s9
Xinhua News Agency. (2021). The 14th Five-Year Plan (2021–2025). The Central People's Government of the People’s Republic of China. http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2021-03/13/content_5592681.htm
Yang, X., Yan, J., Tian, K., Yu, Z., & Li, R. (2021). Centralization or decentralization? The impact of different distributions of authority on China's environmental regulation. Energy Policy, 151, 112181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121172
Ye, Q.-Z. (2014). Safety and effective developing nuclear power to realize green and low-carbon development. Nuclear Power Engineering, 35(6), 11–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2016.06.005
Ye, Q.-Z. (2011). The Fukushima accident and nuclear power development and safety in China. Physics, 7, 427–433. https://www.osti.gov/etdeweb/biblio/22023177
Zeng, M., Liu, Y., Ouyang, S., Shi, H., & Li, C. (2021). Nuclear energy in the post-Fukushima era: Research on the developments of the Chinese and worldwide nuclear power industries. Energy Reports, 7, 1375–1387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.12.165
Zhang, B. (2018). The myth of ‘divide and conquer’: The case of Chinese investment in the CEEC’s nuclear infrastructure projects 2013–2018. China-CEE Institute Working Paper, 2018(9). https://china-cee.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Work_paper-201809.pdf
Zhang, B. (2019). State transformation goes nuclear: Chinese National Nuclear Companies’ expansion into Europe. Energy Research & Social Science, 52, 55–67. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2019.1627189
Zhao, X., Ye, Q., Candel, S., Vignon, D., & Guillaumont, R. (2023). A Chinese–French study on nuclear energy and the environment. Nuclear Engineering and Design, 400, 111099. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2023.04.011
Zhou, S., & Zhang, X. (2010). Nuclear energy development in China: A study of opportunities and challenges. Energy Policy, 38(7), 3755–3766. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2009.04.020 |
| Description: | 碩士
國立政治大學
國際經營管理英語碩士學位學程(IMBA)
113933053 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0113933053 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| Appears in Collections: | [國際經營管理英語碩士學程IMBA] 學位論文
|
Files in This Item:
| File |
Size | Format | |
|---|
| 305301.pdf | 1380Kb | Adobe PDF | 0 | View/Open |
|
All items in 政大典藏 are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved.
|
