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| Title: | 森林碳抵換專案下原住民族之利益共享機制
Benefit-Sharing Mechanism for Indigenous Peoples in Forest Carbon Offset Projects |
| Authors: | 陳楷勛
Chen, Kai-Xun |
| Contributors: | 施文真
Shih, Wen-Chen
陳楷勛
Chen, Kai-Xun |
| Keywords: | 碳權
森林碳抵換專案
REDD+
原住民族權利保障
利益共享機制
Carbon rights
Forest carbon offset projects
REDD+
Protection of indigenous peoples’ rights
Benefit-sharing mechanism |
| Date: | 2025 |
| Issue Date: | 2025-07-01 14:36:31 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 隨著全球對氣候變遷議題的關注日益加深，許多國家透過簽訂國際條約或協議以因應氣候變遷，部分國家甚至透過碳排放交易制度作為減少溫室氣體排放量之措施。在減少溫室氣體排放量上，森林作為自然碳匯，並在其中扮演關鍵角色。為發揮森林固碳功能，國際間逐步發展森林碳抵換專案，期望透過減少毀林與增加森林固碳等措施，進而達到減排目標，同時希望能透過執行碳抵換專案產生可交易之碳抵換額度以獲取經濟上利益。然而，森林向來與原住民（族）之生活、文化緊密相連，森林碳抵換專案的推行往往牽涉原住民（族）的森林土地權利與自然資源使用權，對其財產權與參與權產生重大影響。
儘管國際間已透過多項法律文件保障原住民（族）權利，但是實務上仍有許多在執行森林碳抵換專案中未能落實保障規範，同時缺乏有效的利益分配與利益補償制度，導致原住民（族）在專案中處於邊緣化地位、無法公平分享專案利益，甚至承受負面影響。對此，本文之研究目的在於透過利益共享機制，瞭解其主要功能是否保障原住民（族）於森林碳抵換專案中所受之權利以及侵害之彌補，並藉由實務專案之執行瞭解原住民（族）之權利爭議，並以REDD+專案之利益共享機制為例進一步分析該機制是否能作為原住民（族）權利保障之制度工具。
本文於進行文獻回顧後得出，利益共享機制之核心要件包括定義利益、確定受益者、利益分配依據、利益分配模式、問責制度、以及保障措施。至於能否從此些要件保障或彌補原住民（族）於專案中所受損之權利與利益，經本文研究後發現，若能於制度設計時將原住民（族）之財產權、參與權納入考量，並建立明確且具透明度之分配與監督機制，則利益共享機制確實有潛力作為彌補與保障原住民（族）權益之重要工具。
With the growing global concern over climate change, many countries have responded by signing international treaties and agreements, and some have adopted carbon emissions trading systems as a means to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Among the various mitigation strategies, forests—functioning as natural carbon sinks—play a critical role. To enhance the carbon sequestration function of forests, nations have developed forest carbon offset projects, aiming to achieve emission reduction targets through measures such as reducing deforestation and enhancing forest carbon stocks. At the same time, these projects seek to generate tradable carbon offset credits, thereby creating economic incentives. However, forests have long been connected to the lives and cultures of indigenous peoples. The development of forest carbon offset projects often implicates indigenous peoples’ rights to forest lands and natural resource use, significantly affecting their property rights and participatory rights.
Although the international law contains numerous legal instruments that safeguard indigenous rights. In practice, however, many forest carbon offset projects still fail to implement these regulations. Besides, lacks of effective benefit-sharing and compensation mechanisms contributes to the marginalization of indigenous peoples. Moreover, these peoples are frequently excluded from participation and benefit-sharing and may even suffer adverse impacts from such projects.
In response to this issue, this study aims to explore whether benefit-sharing mechanisms can serve as an institutional tool to safeguard indigenous rights and provide remedies for rights infringements arising from forest carbon offset projects. From practical projects, this study also explores the disputes concerning indigenous peoples’ rights. Meanwhile, the benefit-sharing mechanism of REDD+ project serves as the case study, and the analysis seeks to assess that such mechanism can effectively protect indigenous rights.
Through the literature review, this study identifies the core elements of benefit-sharing mechanisms, including the definition of benefits, identification of beneficiaries, basis and models for benefit distribution, accountability systems, and protective measures. With regard to whether these elements can safeguard or remedy infringements of indigenous rights and interests within such projects, this study finds that if indigenous peoples’ property rights and participatory rights are incorporated at the design stage, and transparent distribution or mechanisms are established, benefit-sharing mechanisms will be a potential tool for remedying and protecting the rights of indigenous peoples. |
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| Description: | 碩士
國立政治大學
國際經營與貿易學系
110351047 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0110351047 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| Appears in Collections: | [國際經營與貿易學系 ] 學位論文
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Files in This Item:
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Description |
Size | Format | |
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| 104701.pdf | | 4481Kb | Adobe PDF | 0 | View/Open |
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