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    Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/157419


    Title: 基督教政治神學與羅爾斯政治哲學
    Christian Political Theology and John Rawls＇ Political Philosophy
    Authors: 葉浩
    Contributors: 政治系
    Keywords: 羅爾斯;政治神學;公共理由;反思平衡;現實烏托邦
    John Rawls;Political Theology;Public Reason;Reflective Equilibrium;Realistic Utopia
    Date: 2021-12
    Issue Date: 2025-06-19
    Abstract: 羅爾斯的《正義論》自從1971年出版之後便一直引起英美基督教學界的關注。許多學者主張此一理論與基督教的社會思想傳統契合，甚至有神學家主張，認同耶穌並努力實現「愛鄰人」的基督徒，不可能不擁抱羅爾斯的正義理論。然而，隨著「政治神學」逐漸於八十年代形成一門獨立學科，羅爾斯卻不斷遭受到神學家或基督教政治哲學家的批評，不僅不再被視為「社會福音」—基督教左派的核心理念—的朋友或同路人，甚至成了敵人。
    這些來自於基督教學界的批評者，包括Nicholas Wolterstorff、Timonthy P. Jackson、Eric Gregory、Cathleen Kaveny等重要的美國神學家，他們一方面對於羅爾斯的理論內容直接挑戰，特別是針對他的「公共理由」概念，認為其世俗化傾向，不但暗藏了特定的形上學預設，有違羅爾斯個人所宣稱的方法論中立和政府中立原則，若付諸實踐則等同於禁止基督徒在公共事務的爭辯當中發聲，另一方面則將羅爾斯的思想置於更大的思想脈絡底下，認定其正義理論背後隱藏了一種企圖在地面建立天國，或至少已正義國度取代天主之城的可能性。
    本研究計畫主要工作有三：（一）梳理基督教政治神學界對於羅爾斯政治哲學的批判；（二）從「反思平衡」概念來掌握此一波的批判，並藉此凸顯羅爾斯「公民不服從」的理論缺失，以及跨脈絡適用性的困難；進而（三）整體性把握羅爾斯的「現實烏托邦」之方法論的反基督教意涵，並藉此重估其政治哲學之思想價值。
    Ever since John Rawls’s A Theory of Justice was published in 1971, it has caught the attention of Christian scholars in the English-speaking world. Many consider the theory to be not only compatible with core Christian doctrines, and some theologist even argues that Christian ideal of love obligates those who adhere to it to embrace the beliefs which undergird Rawls’s idea of justice as fairness. Nevertheless, with the establishment of Political Theology as an independent sphere of human inquiry in the eighties, Rawls has become the subject of criticism and widely regarded as the archenemy rather than a true friend of Jesus or the fellow traveller of Christian Left.

    Indeed, well-known thoelogist and Christian ethics scholars such as Nicholas Wolterstorff, Timothy P. Jackson, Eric Gregory and Cathleen Kaveny have all expressed their discontents and challenge Rawls directly from various angles. In particular, they strongly criticize Rawls’s idea of public reason, arguing that behind the talk of state neutrality and non-metaphysical approach to political philosophy, that very idea is metaphysics-laden and could not deliver on its promise. Rather, when put into practice, Rawls’s theory amounts to depriving Christian of the right of free speech. What is more, Rawlsian justice as a whole is meant to secularize the society and to build a heaven on earth so as to make the hope for the City of God redundant.

    The aim of this research project is threefold: (1) to offer an analysis of the criticisms made by these Christian political theologists; (2) to grasp the meaning of these criticisms through the perspective of Rawls’s idea of “reflective equilibrium” and highlight the flaws in his theory of “civil disobedience” as well as the difficulties with its application to other social contexts; (3) to arrive at an overall assessment of Rawls’s political philosophy as characterized by his professed “realistic utopian” appraoch in the light of its challenge against Christianity.
    Relation: 科技部, MOST107-2410-H004-125-MY3, 107.08-110.07
    Data Type: report
    Appears in Collections:[政治學系] 國科會研究計畫

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