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    题名: 自閉症類兒童的發展：6年後的追蹤
    The Development of Autism Spectrum Disorders: 6 Years Follow-Up
    作者: 姜忠信
    贡献者: 心理系
    关键词: 自閉症類;追蹤研究;診斷;認知功能;語言;早期指標
    autism spectrum disorders;longitudinal study;diagnosis;cognitive functioning;language;early indicators
    日期: 2017-10
    上传时间: 2025-05-13
    摘要: 自閉症類（autism spectrum disorders, ASD）患者是在發展上出現溝通、社交及行為及興趣上有重複侷限的障礙，此障礙被認為是終其一生的問題。目前大多數的自閉症類個案被診斷出來多半仍在3歲以後，但也有不少個案在3歲前就被診斷。目前許多研究開始長期追蹤這些從3歲前已經被診斷出ASD及發展遲緩（Developmental Disorder, DD）的幼兒，他們在診斷、智能、認知、語言及適應行為上的變動為何？這些研究報告都是來自西方國家，台灣目前尚沒有這類的研究報告。
    本研究主要的目的，是希望以縱貫研究的方法，追蹤研究者過去在嘉義地區及目前在台北地區，從2-3歲（時間點一）收案及4-5歲（時間點二）後續追蹤所收集過的ASD及DD個案，持續追蹤他們在時間點一的6年後（時間點三：9-10歲之間）的診斷及發展狀況。本研究擬以3年的時間，招募時間點三時的96名在嘉義地區的ASD及DD個案，以及84名在台北地區的ASD及DD個案。回答以下四個問題：
    （1）這些ASD及DD個案的診斷的穩定度？是否不同次分類的變動性有所不同？各項診斷向度上，也就是相互性社交、溝通及侷限及刻板的行為及興趣，是否有不同發展趨勢？
    （2）這些ASD及DD兒童目前的智能、語言、社會認知能力、適應行為能力為何？在3個時間點的變化為何？
    （3）哪些早期指標可以預測後續的智能、語言、社會認知能力及社會適應能力？如智能、症狀嚴重度、共享式注意力等。
    （4）地域的差別，若控制嘉義及台北地區在時間點一或時間點二的生理及心理年齡，在時間點三的各項發展能力是否有所不同？若有，造成的因素與早期或後續的療育經驗有何關係？
    預期這項研究的發現，可以瞭解在台灣地區ASD及DD兒童，從學齡前到學齡期間的診斷及發展軌跡，同時也能認識哪些早期發展指標對後續認知及語言發展有重要貢獻。此外，亦能得知地域的差別是否造成ASD及DD兒童有不同的成長差異。
    Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) was believed qualitatively impairments on the communication, social interaction and manifested repetitive and stereotyped behaviors and interests. These difficulties were shown in their whole life. Nowadays, most young children with ASD were diagnosed above 3 years old or younger, and what are their diagnostic stability and developmental trajectories after grown-up? In the West, literatures have been demonstrated that the changes of diagnoses, intellectual functioning, language and adaptive abilities in the children who were diagnosed with ASD and DD at ages 3 and followed longitudinally from preschool through school age. However, there were no empirical data to focus the issues in Taiwan.
    Three years proposal are provided. The purpose of the study was to recruit the past subjects with ASD and DD, who attended the author’s former study around ages 2-3 (Time 1) and were followed up around ages 4-5 (Time 2) at Chia-Yi county and Taipei city, and invite the children and their parents back after 6 years (Time 3) in the study. 96 subjects from Chia-Yi and other 84 subjects from Taipei will be collected. Four questions are proposed:
    (1) What is the diagnostic stability for the children with ASD and DD? Are there any changes in the diagnostic categories or symptomatology after 6 years?
    (2) How are their developmental outcomes on the intellectual or cognitive functioning, language, social-cognitive and adaptive abilities after 6 years?
    (3) Which early developmental indicators can predict the intellectual or cognitive functioning, language, social-cognitive and adaptive abilities after 6 years?
    (4) Is there any area difference associated with these children’s developmental outcomes between Chia-Yi and Taipei city? If yes, which factors can be contributed?
    It is expected that the results will enrich our understanding of the diagnostic stability and the developmental trajectories of intellectual or cognitive functioning, language, and adaptive abilities in the children with ASD and DD in two areas in Taiwan from preschool through school age.
    關聯: 科技部, NSC102-2410-H004-044-MY3, 102.08-105.07
    数据类型: report
    显示于类别:[心理學系] 國科會研究計畫

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