政大機構典藏-National Chengchi University Institutional Repository(NCCUR):Item 140.119/156799

政大機構典藏-National Chengchi University Institutional Repository(NCCUR):Item 140.119/156799

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政大典藏 > College of International Affairs > Department of Diplomacy > Theses > Item 140.119/156799

Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/156799

Title:	西撒哈拉地區之地緣衝突的美中權力轉移 The Geopolitical Conflict in Western Sahara: The Competition of US-China Power Transition
Authors:	郭庭瑋 Kuo, Ting-Wei
Contributors:	吳崇涵 Wu, Chong-Han 郭庭瑋 Kuo, Ting-Wei
Keywords:	西撒哈拉權力轉移理論美中競爭地緣政治能源安全 Western Sahara Power Transition Theory US–China Competition Geopolitics Energy Security
Date:	2025
Issue Date:	2025-05-02 14:51:35 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	烏俄戰爭爆發後，經濟復甦與能源安全成為全球優先議題，非洲憑藉其地緣戰略地位與豐富能源資源，重新成為強權競逐的焦點。本文以西撒哈拉的主權爭議為例，探討這一爭議如何成為摩洛哥與阿爾及利亞衝突的核心，以及美國與中國在北非展開權力轉移的重要場域。本文採用權力轉移理論，分析美中兩國的動機與手段，探討雙方如何透過經濟、外交與軍事影響力，塑造西撒哈拉的主權格局，進而改變北非的權力平衡。長期以來，美中在中東北非地區的競爭呈現「敵退我進」的戰略互動。美國因長期捲入中東衝突而消耗大量資源，加之其全球戰略重心轉向印太地區，對北非的影響力逐漸削弱，為中國填補權力真空提供機會。中國透過「一帶一路」倡議，深化與摩洛哥與阿爾及利亞的經濟合作，大規模投資基礎建設項目，逐步鞏固其在北非的強權地位。中國憑藉長期的經濟合作和基礎設施投資，穩固其作為既存強權在北非的地位，而美國在北非扮演挑戰者的角色。這兩種角色定位雖與全球權力轉移中各自的定位有所不同，但此區域權力移轉的動態牽動著全球戰略平衡。本研究發現西撒哈拉的主權爭議凸顯摩洛哥在美中權力轉移中的關鍵作用。美國的多層面介入有效遏制中國的影響，削弱其在北非的話語權，而中國的經濟優勢未能轉化為政治主導力，最終導致在北非地區形成「美升中降」的權力轉移動態。此案例展現區域行為者作為美中競爭樞紐的重要性，揭示其選擇如何影響大國格局，並反映國際權力轉移對區域穩定的深遠影響。本文不僅為美中在西撒哈拉的介入策略提供新的解釋視角，也揭示國際權力轉移對區域穩定及全球安全秩序的深遠影響。 After the outbreak of the Russia–Ukraine war, economic recovery and energy security have become global priorities, prompting Africa— with its strategic location and abundant resources— to reemerge as a focal point of great power competition. This paper uses the Western Sahara sovereignty dispute as a case study to examine its role as a core element in the conflict between Morocco and Algeria, and as a critical arena for power transition between the United States and China in North Africa. Employing power transition theory, the study analyzes both powers’ motivations and strategies. The United States, constrained by long-term Middle Eastern engagements and a strategic shift toward the Indo-Pacific, has seen its influence in North Africa decline, creating a vacuum that China has sought to fill through the Belt and Road Initiative and large-scale infrastructure investments. In contrast, the US has reasserted its challenger role by strengthening diplomatic ties and providing military support to Morocco. Although these roles differ from their broader global standings, the dynamics in North Africa significantly influence both regional and global strategic balances. The findings reveal that the Western Sahara sovereignty dispute underscores Morocco’s pivotal role in the US-China power transition. Multifaceted US interventions have effectively curtailed China’s influence and weakened its discursive power in North Africa, while China’s economic advantages have not translated into commensurate political dominance, ultimately resulting in a “US rising, China declining” dynamic. This case highlights the importance of regional actors as critical nodes in the competition between major powers, illustrating how their strategic choices impact great power configurations and shape regional stability on a global scale.
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