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| Title: | 東非經濟共同體擴張的歷史研究與分析
Historical Review and Analysis of the Expansion of the East African Community |
| Authors: | 薩瑞斯
Sadvandi, Syrus |
| Contributors: | 嚴震生
Chen-Shen Yen
薩瑞斯
Syrus Sadvandi |
| Keywords: | 東非共同體
國際關係學
學位論文
區域整合
East African Community
International Relations
Master's Thesis
Syrus Sadvandi
Regional Integration |
| Date: | 2025 |
| Issue Date: | 2025-04-01 11:45:31 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 區域政治和經濟整合計畫在世界各地盛行，旨在超越國界，消除人員流動障礙，減少關稅等貿易壁壘，促進經濟繁榮。如果說歐盟是跨國一體化計畫最著名、最成功的例子，那麼東非共同體 (EAC) 則代表了非洲最雄心勃勃、最具活力的區域整合嘗試之一。本論文透過跨學科方法，將歷史分析、貿易資料分析和國際關係理論架構結合，研究了東非共同體的發展、挑戰和機會。
本論文運用歷史分析法，探討了殖民遺產如何塑造了東非共同體的現代結構和表現。此外，第一屆東非共同體（1967-1977 年）的解散被視為影響 1999 年東非共同體條約條款的關鍵轉折點。研究利用統計數據（國內生產毛額、貿易平衡和人類發展指數）來檢驗第一個問題，即肯亞的經濟主導地位是否會造成持續的經濟失衡，從而可能阻礙區域一體化；第二個問題是成員國是否吸取了過去的教訓。
透過強調歷史對現代一體化努力的持久影響並量化差異，本論文旨在更深入地了解影響東非區域一體化的結構性和當代因素。透過這種方法，該研究提供了一個跨學科的視角，旨在為對具有一體化議程的非洲國家的政治和經濟經驗感興趣的讀者和學術研究人員提供資訊。
Regional political and economic integration projects are prevalent worldwide, aiming to transcend national borders, remove obstructions to the movement of people, and reduce trade barriers such as tariffs to promote economic prosperity. While the European Union is the most well-known and successful example of a transnational integration project, the East African Community (EAC) represents one of Africa's most ambitious and dynamic attempts at regional integration. This thesis examines the EAC's evolution, challenges, and opportunities through an interdisciplinary approach that integrates historical analysis, trade data analysis, and engagement with international relations theoretical frameworks.
By employing historical analysis, the thesis explores how colonial legacies have shaped the modern structure and performance of the EAC. Additionally, the dissolution of the first EAC (1967-1977) is analyzed as a critical turning point that influenced the provisions found in the 1999 EAC Treaty. Drawing on statistical data (GDP, trade balance, and HDI), the study tests the first question to investigate if Kenya’s economic dominance creates persistent economic imbalances that pose a possible barrier to regional integration and the second question of whether member states have learned from the lessons of the past.
By highlighting the enduring influence of history on modern integration efforts and by quantifying the disparities, this thesis aims to provide a deeper understanding of the structural and contemporary factors that influence regional integration in East Africa. Through this approach, the study offers an interdisciplinary perspective that aims to inform readers and academic researchers interested in the political and economic experiences of African nations that have an integration agenda. |
| Reference: | References
Articles
Banfield, Jane (1963). “Federation in East Africa,” International Journal 18, no. 2, (pp. 181-193), https://doi.org/10.1177/002070206301800204.
Bar, Joanna (2018).“East African Communities (1967-1978, 1999-) and Their Activity for Political Stability of the Region,” Politeja 56: 247-266), https://www.jstor.org/stable/26662003.
Ferguson, Mike (2023). “A Brief History Of The Price of Coffee,” Sprudge Special Projects Desk, December 20, https://specialprojects.sprudge.com/?p=353.
Gotrand, Juliette (2003). “Kwame Nkrumah. President of Ghana, One of the Founding Members of the Organization of African Unity (OAU),” Observatoire Du Multilatérisme Et Des Organisations Internationales, September 11, https://observatoire-multilateralisme.fr/publications/kwame-nkrumah/.
Havyarimana, Moses (2018). “Ready for a United States of East Africa? The Wheels are Already Turning,” The East African, September 29, https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/ready-for-a-united-states-of-east-africa-the-wheels-are-already-turning-1403564.
Ismail, Bertha (2024). “Political Federation Set to Top Agenda at EAC summit,” The Citizen, November 4, https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/national/political-federation-set-to-top-agenda-at-eac-summit-4815724.
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Kaufman, Matthew T. (1976) “U.S. Sends Frigate to Kenya in Show,” New York Times, July 13, https://www.nytimes.com/1976/07/13/archives/us-sends-frigate-to-kenya-in-show-also-provides-patrol-plane-in.html.
Kiapi, Abraham (1967). “The Treaty for East African Cooperation” East African Law Journal 3, no. 3: 252-260.
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Malamud, Andrés and Schmitter, Philippe C. (2007). “The Experience of European Integration and the Potential for Integration in South America,” IBEI Working Paper No. 2007/6, February, https://ssrn.com/abstract=965798 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.965798.
Mbogoro, D. A. K. (1978). “The East African Community: An Economic Analysis of the Integration Scheme,” The African Review: A Journal of African Politics, Development and International Affairs 8, nos. 1 and 2: 54-76, http://www.jstor.org/stable/45341465.
Mugyenyi, Onesmus and Zeija, Flavian (2006). “The East African Customs Union Protocol: An Audit of the Stakeholders' Participation in the Negotiation Process,” ACODE Policy Research Series, no. 14.
Mutinda, Jackson (2023). “Mathuki: Somalia Could Join EAC This Month,” The East African, November 9, https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mathuki-somalia-could-join-eac-this-month-4428892.
Nabakooza, Annet (2024). “DRC Could be Expelled from EAC Over Non-compliance,” The Great Lakes Eye, July 9, https://thegreatlakeseye.com/post?s=DRC--could--be--expelled--from--EAC--over--non-compliance_1457.
Nyaribu, Mohave (2011). “The Past, Present and Future of Integration in East Africa,” African Integration Review 5, no. 1: 1-29.
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Sonny, Anna (2015) “Theories of European Integration,” CIVITAS Institute for the Study of Civil Society
Theys, Sarina (2018) “Introducing Constructivism in International Relations Theory,” E-International Relations, February 23, https://www.e-ir.info/2018/02/23/introducing-constructivism-in-international-relations-theory/.
Umozurike, U. D. and Umozurike, U. Oji (1982). “Tanzania’s Intervention in Uganda,” Archiv Des Völkerrechts 20, no. 3: 301–313, http://www.jstor.org/stable/40797989.
Wasike, Andrew (2025). “Congo’s President to Skip East African Community Summit on Goma Crisis,” Anadolu Agency, January 29, https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/congo-s-president-to-skip-east-african-community-summit-on-goma-crisis/3465756.
Articles with Unknown Authors
Author Unknown (1964). “Kenya, Tanganyika, and Uganda: Kampala Agreement on Redressing Trade Imbalance,” International Legal Materials 3, no. 6: 1106-1115, http://www.jstor.org/stable/20689844.
Author Unknown (1972) “Armed Invasion of Uganda by Followers of Ex-President Obote…” Keesing's Record of World Events (formerly Keesing's Contemporary Archives), Volume 18, November: 25543
Author Unknown (1972) “Tanzania, Uganda Agree to End Strife,” New York Times, October 8, https://www.nytimes.com/1972/10/08/archives/tanzania-uganda-agree-to-end-strife.html.
Author Unknown (1976) “Amin Halts Supply Of Power to Kenya, Threatens Attack,” New York Times, July 25, https://www.nytimes.com/1976/07/25/archives/amin-halts-supply-of-power-to-kenya-threatens-attack.html.
Author Unknown (1976). Amin Says Uganda Retains the Right to Reply to Raud,” New York Times, July 6, https://www.nytimes.com/1976/07/06/archives/amin-says-uganda-retains-the-right-to-reply-to-raid-bids-un-condemn.html.
Author Unknown (1976) “Kenya and Uganda in Accord on Ending Hostility and Threats,” New York Times, August 7, https://www.nytimes.com/1976/08/07/archives/kenya-and-uganda-in-accord-on-ending-hostility-and-threats.html.
Author Unknown, Death of Mr. V. H. Umbricht, Honorary Member of the ICRC, https://international-review.icrc.org/sites/default/files/S0020860400074179a.pdf.
Author Unknown (2025). “Democratic Republic of Congo: What's Happening and Why are M23 Rebels Fighting?,” Reuters, January 29, https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/what-is-happening-congo-why-are-m23-rebels-fighting-2025-01-29/.
Author Unknown (2025). “Rwanda Does a Putin in Congo” The Economist, January 28, https://www.economist.com/leaders/2025/01/28/rwanda-does-a-putin-in-congo.
Books and Book Chapters
Amuhaya, Claire A. and Degterev, Denis A. (2022). A Century of East African Integration. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Buzan, Barry andWaever, Ole (2003). Regions and Power: The Structure of International Security. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Chitinga, Rudy and Odhiambo Morris (2016). The Civil Society Guide to Regional Economic Communities in Africa. Cape Town: African Minds.
David, Saul (2017) Flight 139 and the Raid on Entebbe Airport, the Most Audacious Hostage Rescue Mission in History. New York: Back Bay Books.
Eken, Sena (1979). “Breakup of the East African Community” in Finance & Development, December 1979. Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund, External Relations Department.
Gathege, Protas S. (2012). Dispute Settlement Within the East African Community: The East African Court of Justice and Its Jurisdiction. Nairobi, Kenya: University of Nairobi Press, http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/8956.
Haas, Ernst B. and Dinan, Desmond (2004). Uniting Of Europe: Political, Social, and Economic Forces, 1950-1957. Norte Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv19m62zk.
Haas, Ernst B. and Whiting, Allen S. (1956). Dynamics of International Relations. New York, Toronto, and London: McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc.
Huliaras, Asteris and Kalantzakos, Sophia (2021). “Rethinking the Collapse of the First East African Community (1977): Lessons for the EU” in The East African Community: Intraregional Integration and Relations with the EU (Milton Park: Taylor and Francis,), (pp. 15-30).
Mearsheimer, John J. (2001). The Tragedy of Great Power Politics. New York: W.W. Norton & Company.
Mgaya, John A. (1986). Regional Integration: The Case of the East African Community. Canberra, ACT: The Australian National University, openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/handle/1885/123097.
Morgenthau, Henry J. (2006). Politics Among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace 7th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.
Mshomba, Richard E. (2017). Economic Integration in Africa: The East African Community in Comparative Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Muinde, Nicodemus (2015). Regionalism in Eastern Africa: Lessons Learned from the Defunct East African Community. Nairobi, Kenya: University of Nairobi Press.
Museveni, Yoweri K. (2020). Sowing the Mustard Seed: The Struggle for Freedom and Democracy in Uganda. Nairobi: Moran Publishers.
Nye, John J. (1965). Pan-Africanism and East African Integration. Cambridge, MA and London, England: Harvard University Press, https://doi.org/10.4159/harvard.9780674421394.
Okello, Benson (2003). A History of East Africa. Kampala: Fountain Publishers.
Pakenham, Thomas (1991). The Scramble for Africa, 1876-1912 1st US ed. New York: Random House, http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/24107984.html.
Rugeiyamu, Lilian K. (1997). A Critical Analysis of the Proposed East African Cooperation Taking into Consideration the 1994 Arusha Agreement. Dar es Salam: University of Dar es Salam, https://dumas.ccsd.cnrs.fr/dumas-01267444.
Saurugger, Sabine (2013). Theoretical Approaches to European Integration. Basingstoke: Red Globe Press.
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Waltz, Kenneth N. (2001). Man, the State, and War: A Theoretical Analysis (REV-Revised, 2). New York City: Columbia University Press, http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7312/walt12537.
Publications
Arusha Declaration 1967, https://www.marxists.org/subject/africa/nyerere/1967/arusha-declaration.htm.
Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976, Volume E–6, Documents on Africa, 1973-1976, Briefing Memorandum from the Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs (Schaufele) to Secretary of State Kissinger, Document 194.
Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976, Volume E–6, Documents on Africa, 1973-1976, Interagency Intelligence Memorandum 76–019, Document 241.
Lord Derby to Granville: Reluctance to Join in Scramble for Colonies; German actions in Africa and New Guinea. (n.d.). https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-1378100563/view#contrast-up.
Obote, Milton (1968) The Common Man Charter, https://web.archive.org/web/20101213121129/http://www.radiorhino.org/htm_material/archiv/text/press/monitor/THE%20COMMON%20MAN%20CHARTER%20By%20DrAMO.htm.
Sirte Declaration, https://archives.au.int/bitstream/handle/123456789/10157/1999_Sirte%20_Decl_%20E.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
The Treaty for East African Co-operation Act 1967, https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/cjtl7&div=18&id=&page=
Treaty Establishing The African Economic Community, https://au.int/en/treaties/treaty-establishing-african-economic-community
Treaty Establishing The East African Community 1999, https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaty-files/2487/download
Umbricht, Victor H. (October 1981) The Mediator: East African Community Consolidated Report of the Mediator Proposals for the Permanent and Equitable Division of the Assets and Liabilities of the Corporations and the General Fund Services of the East African Community, https://repository.eac.int/handle/11671/24402.
LINKS
https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100047625.
https://www.eac.int/integration-pillars.
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https://www.agenceecofin.com/actualites/1701-104526-la-communaute-dafrique-de-lest-prevoit-lemission-dune-monnaie-unique-d-ici-quatre-ans.
https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2022/12/happy-new-year-2023.html.
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"World Economic Outlook database: October 2023”. imf.org.
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/somalia/#economy
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https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095711360.
“GDP per Capita (Current US$) - Uganda, Tanzania, Kenya.” World Bank Open Data, data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD?end=1974&locations=UG-TZ-KE&start=1960. (Accessed 04 Jan. 2024).
https://biografiskleksikon.lex.dk/Kjeld_Philip.
“Coffee Prices - 45 Year Historical Chart”, https://www.macrotrends.net/2535/coffee-prices-historical-chart-data
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“The Entebbe Rescue Operation”, Jewish Virtual Library, www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/the-entebbe-rescue-operation (Accessed March 15, 2024). |
| Description: | 碩士
國立政治大學
國際傳播英語碩士學位學程(IMICS)
109461022 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0109461022 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| Appears in Collections: | [國際傳播英語碩士學程] 學位論文
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