Loading...
|
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/156448
|
Title: | 分析大眾從傳統媒體轉向YouTube為新聞資訊來源之現象 Phenomenon: Analyzing the Shift from Traditional Media to YouTube as an Information Source |
Authors: | 宋美貞 Soong, Mei Jing |
Contributors: | 蔡葵希 Christine Cook 宋美貞 Soong, Mei Jing |
Keywords: | YouTube內容創作者 新聞生態轉變 新聞可信度 贊助內容 主流媒體 YouTube News Consumption Perceived Credibility of YouTube news content Traditional Media Sponsorship |
Date: | 2025 |
Issue Date: | 2025-04-01 11:37:42 (UTC+8) |
Abstract: | 本研究探討臺灣選看新聞習慣的轉變,聚焦於傳統媒體的影響力逐漸減弱,以及數位平台,特別是YouTube,在新聞資訊傳遞中的重要性日益增加。隨著網路世代的崛起,觀眾開始偏好透過社群媒體、網紅及YouTuber了解時事,而非依賴傳統新聞媒體。研究以2022年《數位新聞報告》的分析為基礎,指出許多觀眾更傾向避開負面新聞,並選擇從社群內容創作者中獲取資訊,即便他們可能對內容來源或創作者背景知之甚少。 本研究針對以下問題進行探討:媒體類型如何影響新聞的可信度?贊助內容背後是否會影響受眾對新聞的信任?不同媒體平台在新聞說服力上的差異為何?結果顯示,受眾對傳統媒體與數位平台的界線越來越模糊,更重視內容的親和力與真實感,而非媒體的機構性權威。YouTuber因其接地氣的表達方式及與觀眾建立的情感聯繫,與主流媒體相比,不僅可信度相當,甚至更具說服力。 研究揭示,在新聞生態快速變遷的過程中,數位內容創作者正逐漸成為影響公眾輿論的重要角色,反映出現代受眾更偏好「真實性」而非「權威性」的資訊來源選擇趨勢。 This study explores the evolving dynamics of news consumption in Taiwan, focusing on the increasing reliance on digital platforms like YouTube for news and the diminishing prominence of traditional media. Drawing on the Reuters Institute's Digital News Report, the study highlights the decline in trust in traditional media, the rise of user-generated content, and the growing influence of social media personalities on audience perceptions of credibility. Key research questions addressed include the role of media outlet types, sponsorships, and outlet credibility in influencing the success of persuasion in the news context. Findings reveal that distinctions between traditional and digital platforms are becoming less pronounced, with audiences increasingly valuing perceived authenticity over institutional authority. YouTubers, often seen as credible and persuasive as mainstream media, have capitalized on parasocial relationships and relatability to foster trust. This shift underscores a broader trend where convenience, habitual use, and perceived reliability drive news consumption patterns. Ultimately, the research sheds light on the transformative role of digital creators in shaping public opinion and influencing perceptions of credibility in the modern media ecosystem. |
Reference: | Abernathy, P. M., & Stonebely, S. (2023, November 16). The state of local news. Local News Initiative. https://localnewsinitiative.northwestern.edu/projects/state-of-local-news/2023/report/ Al Jazeera (Ed.). (2023, August 1). Meta takes steps to end news access in Canada over law on paying publishers. Al Jazeera. https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2023/8/1/meta-takes-steps-to-end-news-access-in-canada-over-law-on-paying-publishers?traffic_source=KeepReading Algorithms & Quality News. Center for News, Technology & Innovation. (2024, October 10). https://innovating.news/article/algorithms-quality-news/ Baker, J. D., Baig, Y., Siyaji, Z. K., Hornung, A. L., Zavras, A. G., Mallow, G. M., Zbeidi, S., Shepard, N. A., & Sayari, A. J. (2021). Assessing the quality and credibility of publicly available videos on cervical fusion: Is YouTube a reliable educational tool? International Journal of Spine Surgery, 15(4), 669–675. https://doi.org/10.14444/8088 Bastos, M., Mercea, D., & Baronchelli, A. (2018). The geographic embedding of online echo chambers: Evidence from the Brexit campaign. PLOS ONE, 13(11). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0206841 Bauder, D. (2023, November 16). Decline in local news outlets is accelerating despite efforts to help. AP News. https://apnews.com/article/local-newspapers-closing-jobs-3ad83659a6ee070ae3f39144dd840c1b Belson, W. A. (1961). The effects of television on the reading and the buying of newspapers and magazines. Public Opinion Quarterly, 25(3), 366. https://doi.org/10.1086/267033
Bentley, F., Quehl, K., Wirfs-Brock, J., & Bica, M. (2019). Understanding online news behaviors. Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300820 Blumler, J. G., & Katz, E. (1974). The uses of mass communications: Current Perspectives on Gratifications Research. Sage Publications. Boczkowski, P., Mitchelstein, E., & Matassi, M. (2017, January 4). Incidental news: How young people consume news on social media. ScholarSpace. https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/handle/10125/41371 Boerman, S. C., & van Reijmersdal, E. A. (2020). Disclosing influencer marketing on YouTube to children: The moderating role of para-social relationship. Frontiers in Psychology, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.03042 Boerman, S. C., Willemsen, L. M., & Van Der Aa, E. P. (2017). “this post is sponsored” effects of sponsorship disclosure on persuasion knowledge and electronic word of mouth in the context of Facebook. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 38(1), 82–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intmar.2016.12.002 Buneviciene, I., Bunevicius, R., Bagdonas, S., & Bunevicius, A. (2021). Covid-19 media fatigue: Predictors of decreasing interest and avoidance of COVID-19–Related News. Public Health, 196, 124–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2021.05.024 Burgess, J., & Green, J. (2018). YouTube: Online video and participatory culture. Polity Press. Casero-Ripollés, A. (2012). Beyond newspapers: News consumption among young people in the digital era. Comunicar, 20(39), 151–158. https://doi.org/10.3916/c39-2012-03-05 Ceci, L. (2024a, April 11). Youtube: Hours of video uploaded every minute 2022. Statista. https://www.statista.com/statistics/259477/hours-of-video-uploaded-to-youtube-every-minute/#statisticContainer Ceci, L. (2024b, August 20). Time spent on the YouTube app 2024. Statista. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1287283/time-spent-youtube-app-selected-countries/ Cha, J. (2013). Do online video platforms cannibalize television? Journal of Advertising Research, 53(1), 71–82. https://doi.org/10.2501/jar-53-1-071-082 Changes to news availability on our platforms in Canada. Meta. (2023, October 30). https://about.fb.com/news/2023/06/changes-to-news-availability-on-our-platforms-in-canada/ Coursaris, C. K., & Van Osch, W. (2016). Exploring the effects of source credibility on information adoption on YouTube. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 16–25. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39396-4_2 Dahlgren, P. M. (2019). Selective exposure to public service news over thirty years: The role of ideological leaning, party support, and political interest. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 24(3), 293–314. https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161219836223 De Veirman, M., Cauberghe, V., & Hudders, L. (2017). Marketing through Instagram influencers: The impact of number of followers and product divergence on brand attitude. International Journal of Advertising, 36(5), 798–828. https://doi.org/10.1080/02650487.2017.1348035 Desai, T., Shariff, A., Dhingra, V., Minhas, D., Eure, M., & Kats, M. (2013). Is content really king? an objective analysis of the public’s response to medical videos on YouTube. PLoS ONE, 8(12). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0082469 Eddy, K. (2024, October 16). Republicans, young adults now nearly as likely to trust info from social media as from national news outlets. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2024/10/16/republicans-young-adults-now-nearly-as-likely-to-trust-info-from-social-media-as-from-national-news-outlets/ Edgerly, S. (2021). The head and heart of news avoidance: How attitudes about the news media relate to levels of news consumption. Journalism, 23(9), 1828–1845. https://doi.org/10.1177/14648849211012922 Erskine, H. (1970). The polls: Opinion of the news media. Public Opinion Quarterly, 34(4), 630. https://doi.org/10.1086/267850 Flanagin, A., & Metzger, M. J. (2014). Digital Media and perceptions of source credibility in political communication. Oxford Handbooks Online. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199793471.013.65 Fogg, B. J., & Tseng, H. (1999). The elements of computer credibility. Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems the CHI Is the Limit - CHI ’99, 80–87. https://doi.org/10.1145/302979.303001 Friestad, M., & Wright, P. (1994). The persuasion knowledge model: How people cope with persuasion attempts. Journal of Consumer Research, 21(1), 1–31. https://doi.org/10.1086/209380 Fuller, J. (2013). What is happening to news - the information explosion and: The crisis in journalism. University of Chicago Press. Gannes, L. (2009). YouTube changes everything: The online video revolution. Television Goes Digital, 147–155. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79978-0_11 Gans, H. J. (2003). Democracy and the news. Oxford University Press. Gans, H. J. (2010). News & the news media in the digital age: Implications for democracy. Daedalus, 139(2), 8–17. https://doi.org/10.1162/daed.2010.139.2.8 Grude, E. T. (2021, June 24). “at the end of the day, these are just regular people talking about political things.” - YouTube as a platform for politics. Bergen Open Research Archive. https://bora.uib.no/bora-xmlui/handle/11250/2761211 Horton, D., & Richard Wohl, R. (1956). Mass communication and para-social interaction. Psychiatry, 19(3), 215–229. https://doi.org/10.1080/00332747.1956.11023049 Hsu, C.-J. (2014). The construction of national identity in Taiwan’s media, 1896-2012. Brill. Hsu, P.-F., & Tseng, Y.-H. (2023). Selection model for key opinion leader co-branding with Taiwan clothing brand|airiti library 華藝線上圖書館. International Journal of Uncertainty and Innovation Research, 5(2), 133-149. https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail/P20190619001-N202308290004-00005 Johnson, T. J., & Kaye, B. K. (2009). In blog we trust? deciphering credibility of components of the internet among politically interested internet users. Computers in Human Behavior, 25(1), 175–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2008.08.004 Karlsen, R., Beyer, A., & Steen-Johnsen, K. (2020). Do high-choice media environments facilitate news avoidance? A longitudinal study 1997–2016. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 64(5), 794–814. https://doi.org/10.1080/08838151.2020.1835428 Kayany, J. M., & Yelsma, P. (2000). Displacement effects of online media in the socio-technical contexts of households. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 44(2), 215–229. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15506878jobem4402_4 Kaye, B. K., & Johnson, T. J. (2003). From here to obscurity?: Media substitution theory and traditional media in an on‐line world. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 54(3), 260–273. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.10212 Kiousis, S. (2001). Public trust or mistrust? perceptions of media credibility in the information age. Mass Communication and Society, 4(4), 381–403. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327825mcs0404_4 Klobas, J. E., McGill, T. J., Moghavvemi, S., & Paramanathan, T. (2018). Compulsive youtube usage: A comparison of use motivation and personality effects. Computers in Human Behavior, 87, 129–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.05.038 Kuo, P. (1993). Taiwan’s news media: Its role in democratization on JSTOR. World Affairs. https://www.jstor.org/stable/20672350 Kuo, R. (2023, June). 2023 再探臺灣民眾對於假消息的看法. Ipsos. https://www.ipsos.com/en-tw/observation-of-taiwanese-opinions-on-misinformation-2023 Lazarsfeld, P. F. (1940). Radio and the printed page; an introduction to the study of radio and its role in the communication of ideas, by Paul F. Lazarsfeld. Arno Press and the New York Times. Lee, S.-Y., & Lee, S.-W. (2015). Online video services and other media: Substitutes or complement. Computers in Human Behavior, 51, 293–299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.03.073 Lee, W., & Kuo, E. C. (2002). Internet and displacement effect: Children’s media use and activities in Singapore. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 7(2), 0–0. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2002.tb00143.x Leppert, R. (2024, September 17). More Americans – especially young adults – are regularly getting news on Tiktok. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/11/15/more-americans-are-getting-news-on-tiktok-bucking-the-trend-seen-on-most-other-social-media-sites/ Levy, R. (2021). Social Media, news consumption, and polarization: Evidence from a field experiment. American Economic Review, 111(3), 831–870. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20191777 Lewis, A. (1997). Democracy and a free press: Are they incompatible? Bulletin of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 50(5), 49. https://doi.org/10.2307/3824613 Li, W.-P. (2024, October 2). Truth Matters: The 2024 survey on what Taiwanese think about misinformation and fact-checking. Taiwan FactCheck Center. https://en.tfc-taiwan.org.tw/truth-matters-the-2024-survey-on-what-taiwanese-think-about-misinformation-and-fact-checking/ Lin, L. (2023, June). Taiwan. Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism. https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/digital-news-report/2023/taiwan Lindell, J., & Mikkelsen Båge, E. (2022). Disconnecting from digital news: News avoidance and the ignored role of social class. Journalism, 24(9), 1980–1997. https://doi.org/10.1177/14648849221085389 Liu, Chang-De劉昌德. (2020). 小編新聞學: 社群媒體與通訊軟體如何轉化新聞專業. 新聞學研究, (142), 1-58. https://doi.org/10.30386/MCR.202001_(142).0001 Lou, C., & Yuan, S. (2019). Influencer marketing: How message value and credibility affect consumer trust of branded content on social media. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 19(1), 58–73. https://doi.org/10.1080/15252019.2018.1533501 Lou, C., Tandoc Jr., E. C., Hong, L. X., Pong, X. Y., Lye, W. X., & Sng, N. G. (2021). When motivations meet affordances: News consumption on Telegram. Journalism Studies, 22(7), 934–952. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670x.2021.1906299 Manning, J. (2014). Social media, definition and classes of. Encyclopedia of Social Media and Politics, 1158–1162. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452244723.n485 Mason, A. T. (1946). Brandeis, a Free Man’s Life. The Viking Press. McCroskey, J. C. (1966). Scales for the measurement of Ethos. Speech Monographs, 33(1), 65–72. https://doi.org/10.1080/03637756609375482 McCroskey, J. C., & Teven, J. J. (1999). Goodwill: A reexamination of the construct and its measurement. Communication Monographs, 66(1), 90–103. https://doi.org/10.1080/03637759909376464 McQuail, D. (1984). With the benefit of hindsight: Reflections on uses and gratifications research. Critical Studies in Mass Communication, 1(2), 177–193. https://doi.org/10.1080/15295038409360028 Metzger, M. J., Flanagin, A. J., Eyal, K., Lemus, D. R., & Mccann, R. M. (2003). Credibility for the 21st century: Integrating perspectives on source, message, and media credibility in the Contemporary Media Environment. Annals of the International Communication Association, 27(1), 293–335. https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2003.11679029 Mitchell, A., Gottfried, J., & Matsa, K. E. (2015a, June 1). Facebook top source for political news among millennials. Pew Research Center’s Journalism Project. https://www.pewresearch.org/journalism/2015/06/01/facebook-top-source-for-political-news-among-millennials/ Mitchell, A., Gottfried, J., & Matsa, K. E. (2015b, June 1). Millennials and political news: Social media – the local tv for the next generation?. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/journalism/2015/06/01/millennials-political-news/ Mutsvairo, B., & Bebawi, S. (2019). Journalism educators, regulatory realities, and pedagogical predicaments of the “Fake News” ERA: A comparative perspective on the Middle East and Africa. Journalism & Mass Communication Educator, 74(2), 143–157. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077695819833552 NBC News (Ed.). (2006, July 16). YouTube serves up 100 million videos a day. NBCNews.com. https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna13890520 Newhagen, J., & Nass, C. (1989). Differential criteria for evaluating credibility of newspapers and TV news. Journalism Quarterly, 66(2), 277–284. https://doi.org/10.1177/107769908906600202 Newman, N. (2022). Overview and key findings of the 2022 Digital News Report. Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism. https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/digital-news-report/2022 Newman, N. (2023). Digital News Report 2023. Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism. https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/digital-news-report/2023 Newman, N., Fletcher, R., Eddy, K., Robertson, C. T., & Nielsen, R. K. (2023, June 14). Digital News Report 2023. Policy Commons. https://coilink.org/20.500.12592/3sq026 Nichols, T. (2017). 專業之死 = the death of expertise: The campaign against established knowledge and why it matters. 臉譜出版社 : 城邦文化事業股份有限公司 : 英屬蓋曼群島商家庭傳媒有限公司城邦分公司發行. Nichols, T. M. (2017). The death of expertise: The campaign against established knowledge and why it matters. Oxford University Press. Peer, L., & Ksiazek, T. B. (2011). YouTube and the challenge to journalism. Journalism Studies, 12(1), 45–63. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670x.2010.511951 Petty, R. E., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1986). The elaboration likelihood model of persuasion. Communication and Persuasion, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4964-1_1 Pickard, V. (2019). Democracy without journalism? In Oxford University Press eBooks. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190946753.001.0001 Pickard, V. (2020, March 12). Journalism’s market failure is a crisis for democracy. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2020/03/journalisms-market-failure-is-a-crisis-for-democracy Radsch, C. (2023, August 8). The value of news content to google is way more than you think. Tech Policy Press. https://www.techpolicy.press/the-value-of-news-content-to-google-is-way-more-than-you-think/ Radsch, C. C. (2022, September 30). Making Big Tech pay for the news they use. Center for International Media Assistance. https://www.cima.ned.org/publication/making-big-tech-pay-for-the-news-they-use/ Rawnsley, M. T., Hu, Y., Chen, V. Y., & Lin, L. (2022, May 23). A sketch of Taiwan’s digital news media landscape in the twenty-first century. Taiwan Insight. https://taiwaninsight.org/2022/05/23/a-sketch-of-taiwans-digital-news-media-landscape-in-the-twenty-first-century/ Riley, M. W., Hovland, C. I., Janis, I. L., & Kelley, H. H. (1954). Communication and persuasion: Psychological studies of opinion change. American Sociological Review, 19(3), 355. https://doi.org/10.2307/2087772 Rimmer, T., & Weaver, D. (1987). Different questions, different answers? media use and media credibility. Journalism Quarterly, 64(1), 28–44. https://doi.org/10.1177/107769908706400104 Rosenberg, S. (2008, August 17). Media credibility. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2008/08/17/media-credibility/ Ruggiero, T. E. (2000). Uses and gratifications theory in the 21st Century. Mass Communication and Society, 3(1), 3–37. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327825mcs0301_02 Schouten, A. P., Janssen, L., & Verspaget, M. (2019). Celebrity vs. Influencer endorsements in advertising: The role of identification, credibility, and product-endorser fit. International Journal of Advertising, 39(2), 258–281. https://doi.org/10.1080/02650487.2019.1634898 Self, C. C. (1996). Credibility. In: D. W. Stacks & M. B. Salwen (Eds.). An Integrated Approach to Communication Theory and Research (421-441). New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Stearns, J. (2022, September 15). How we know journalism is good for democracy. Medium. https://medium.com/office-of-citizen/how-we-know-journalism-is-good-for-democracy-9125e5c995fb Stocking, G., Kessel, P. van, Barthel, M., Matsa, K. E., & Khuzam, M. (2020, September 28). Many americans get news on YouTube, where news organizations and independent producers thrive side by side. Pew Research Center’s Journalism Project. https://www.pewresearch.org/journalism/2020/09/28/many-americans-get-news-on-youtube-where-news-organizations-and-independent-producers-thrive-side-by-side/ Stromback, J., Djerf-Pierre, M., & Shehata, A. (2012). The dynamics of political interest and news media consumption: A longitudinal perspective. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 25(4), 414–435. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpor/eds018 Strömbäck, J. (2016). News seekers, news avoiders, and the mobilizing effects of election campaigns: Comparing election campaigns for the national and the European parliaments. International Journal of Communication, 237–258. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199665679.013.16 Stroud, N. J., & Lee, J. K. (2013). Perceptions of cable news credibility. Mass Communication and Society, 16(1), 67–88. https://doi.org/10.1080/15205436.2011.646449 Sundar, S. (2008). The MAIN Model: A Heuristic Approach to Understanding Technology Effects on Credibility. In Digital Media, Youth, and Credibility (pp. 73–100). essay. Sunstein, C. R. (2017). #Republic: Divided democracy in the age of Social Media. Princeton University Press. Toff, B., & Kalogeropoulos, A. (2020). All the news that’s fit to ignore. Public Opinion Quarterly, 84(S1), 366–390. https://doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfaa016 Toff, B., & Palmer, R. A. (2018). Explaining the gender gap in news avoidance: “news-IS-for-men” perceptions and the burdens of caretaking. Journalism Studies, 20(11), 1563–1579. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670x.2018.1528882 Tsfati, Y., & Cappella, J. N. (2003). Do people watch what they do not trust? Communication Research, 30(5), 504–529. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650203253371 Verzani, J. (2011). Getting started with RStudio an integrated development environment for R. O’Reilly. Villi, M., Aharoni, T., Tenenboim-Weinblatt, K., Boczkowski, P. J., Hayashi, K., Mitchelstein, E., Tanaka, A., & Kligler-Vilenchik, N. (2021). Taking a break from news: A five-nation study of news avoidance in the digital era. Digital Journalism, 10(1), 148–164. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2021.1904266 Wathen, C. N., & Burkell, J. (2001). Believe it or not: Factors influencing credibility on the web. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 53(2), 134–144. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.10016 Watts, S., & Zhang, W. (2008). Capitalizing on content: Information adoption in two online communities. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 9(2), 73–94. https://doi.org/10.17705/1jais.00149 Wei, T. (2022, August 11). What’s exactly wrong with Taiwanese media? Taiwan Insight. https://taiwaninsight.org/2022/05/26/whats-exactly-wrong-with-taiwanese-media/ Westley, B. H., & Severin, W. J. (1964). Some correlates of media credibility. Journalism Quarterly, 41(3), 325–335. https://doi.org/10.1177/107769906404100301 Wojdynski, B. W., & Evans, N. J. (2015). Going native: Effects of disclosure position and language on the recognition and evaluation of online native advertising. Journal of Advertising, 45(2), 157–168. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.2015.1115380 YouTube. (2010). 台視新聞 TTV NEWS. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZozxGb5PlMc YouTube. (2013). Asian boss. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/@AsianBoss/videos YouTube. (2014a). Tesscube. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?+v=31+_+153uWtSQ&t=208s YouTube. (2014b). Vox. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/@Vox YouTube. (2016). Bailingguo News. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/@bailingguo YouTube. (2018a). BBK Network. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/@BBKNetwork YouTube. (2018b). 志祺七七 x 圖文不符. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/@shasha77 YouTube. (2020). The World TODAY. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pFZu1Iw0bU0 Zaller, J. R. (1992). The nature and origins of mass opinion. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511818691 Zhang, S. (2024). Authorship analysis in Chinese social media texts. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009324298 臺大新聞所 NTU Journalism. (2022, September 18). 【新聞產業與平台責任論壇(一)】首度平面媒體產業大調查 報業十年營收砍半第四權角色面臨挑戰. Medium. https://medium.com/@ntujour2022/%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E7%94%A2%E6%A5%AD%E8%88%87%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0%E8%B2%AC%E4%BB%BB%E8%AB%96%E5%A3%87-%E9%A6%96%E5%BA%A6%E5%B9%B3%E9%9D%A2%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94%E7%94%A2%E6%A5%AD%E5%A4%A7%E8%AA%BF%E6%9F%A5-%E5%A0%B1%E6%A5%AD%E5%8D%81%E5%B9%B4%E7%87%9F%E6%94%B6%E7%A0%8D%E5%8D%8A%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E6%AC%8A%E8%A7%92%E8%89%B2%E9%9D%A2%E8%87%A8%E6%8C%91%E6%88%B0-f4f870b66040 |
Description: | 碩士 國立政治大學 全球傳播與創新科技碩士學位學程 111zm1042 |
Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111ZM1042 |
Data Type: | thesis |
Appears in Collections: | [全球傳播與創新科技碩士學位學程] 學位論文
|
Files in This Item:
File |
Description |
Size | Format | |
104201.pdf | | 17404Kb | Adobe PDF | 1 | View/Open |
|
All items in 政大典藏 are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved.
|