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    題名: 童年目睹親密關係暴力經驗、正式資源、復原力與依附型態之關聯性探究
    A study of the correlation among childhood exposure to intimate partner violence, formal resources, resilience, and attachment style
    作者: 雷振宣
    Lei, Chen-Hsuan
    貢獻者: 宋麗玉
    Song, Li-Yu
    雷振宣
    Lei, Chen-Hsuan
    關鍵詞: 童年目睹
    親密關係暴力
    正式資源
    復原力
    依附型態
    Childhood exposure to intimate partner violence
    Formal resources
    Resilience
    Attachment styles
    日期: 2025
    上傳時間: 2025-03-03 14:34:37 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 本研究旨在探究臺灣童年目睹親密關係暴力之成年人的目睹經驗、正式資源介入狀況、復原力及依附型態之關聯性。研究架構之依變項為依附傾向,自變項為目睹經驗、正式資源介入狀況、及復原力,而復原力同時也是依附傾向與正式資源介入狀況間之中介變項,並根據文獻探討將童年受暴經驗及受教養風格作為控制變項。
    本研究方法使用問卷調查法,研究工具包含簡版復原力量表(Smith et al., 2008)、人際依附風格量表(王慶福等人,1997)、及雙親教養態度量表(徐畢卿等,1999)。經立意抽樣取得259份有效樣本,主要發現如下:
    一、在本研究童年目睹者中,高達98.8%的人曾目睹精神暴力,62.5%的人曾目睹肢體暴力。其中,有56%的人從未接受正式資源協助,正式資源介入比例由高到低為心理諮商>身心科>學校輔導>社工服務。樣本復原力平均為2.79分,依附類型分布為焦慮型(45.1%)、疏離型(29.3%)、害怕型(13%)、安全型(12.6%)。
    二、童年目睹經驗類型之差異在依附傾向上無顯著關聯。
    三、在本研究童年目睹者中,無正式資源介入者呈現較高的安全型、較低的害怕型依附傾向;正式資源介入數量越多,呈現出安全型依附傾向越低,焦慮型及害怕型依附傾向越高;對正式資源介入的自評幫助程度越高,呈現出安全型依附傾向越高,害怕型及疏離型依附傾向越低。
    四、在本研究童年目睹者中,無正式資源介入者的復原力較高;正式資源介入數量越多,呈現出來的復原力越低。
    五、復原力越高,安全型、疏離型依附傾向越高,焦慮型、害怕型依附傾向則越低。
    六、中介效果:在本研究童年目睹者中,成年有心理諮商介入相比無心理諮商介入者有較低的復原力,進而呈現出更高的害怕型依附傾向。
    七、整體研究架構可解釋安全型依附傾向36.5%的變異量、焦慮型依附傾向25.8%的變異量及害怕型依附傾向15.7%的變異量,其中以復原力具最強之解釋力。整體研究架構則在疏離型依附傾向未達統計顯著。
    八、童年目睹者復原力中的內、外在保護因子可對應依附中的自我及他人傾向,內在保護因子可能提升自我依附傾向,外在保護因子則提升他人依附傾向。
    文末針對實務工作、政府政策規劃、一般大眾及未來研究提出相關建議,並以後記作結,紀錄研究者自身復元歷程及想對童年目睹者說的話。
    This study aims to explore the relationships among childhood exposure to intimate partner violence, formal resource interventions, resilience, and attachment styles in adults in Taiwan. The dependent variable in the research framework is attachment styles, while the independent variables include experiences of childhood exposure to intimate partner violence, formal resource interventions, and resilience. Resilience also serves as a mediating variable between attachment styles and formal resource interventions. Additionally, childhood experiences of abuse and parenting styles are included as control variables based on the literature review.
    This study employs a questionnaire survey method, utilizing research instruments such as the Brief Resilience Scale (Smith et al., 2008), the Interpersonal Attachment Style Scale (Wang et al., 1997), and the Parental Bonding Instrument (Xu et al., 1999). A total of 259 valid samples were obtained through purposive sampling, and the main findings are as follows:
    1.Among the individuals in this study with childhood exposure to intimate partner violence, 98.8% had witnessed psychological violence, and 62.5% had witnessed physical violence. Of these, 56% had never received formal resource assistance. The ranking of formal resource interventions from most to least frequent was psychological counseling > psychiatry > school counseling > social work services. The average resilience score was 2.79, and attachment styles were distributed as follows: anxious (45.1%), dismissing (29.3%), fearful (13%), and secure (12.6%).
    2.There was no significant association between different types of childhood exposure to intimate partner violence and attachment tendencies.
    3.Individuals who had no formal resource intervention exhibited higher secure and dismissing attachment tendencies and lower fearful attachment tendencies. As the number of formal resource interventions increased, secure attachment tendencies decreased, while anxious and fearful attachment tendencies increased. A higher self-assessed helpfulness of formal resource interventions was associated with higher secure attachment tendencies and lower fearful and dismissing attachment tendencies.
    4.Those without formal resource interventions had higher resilience. As the number of formal resource interventions increased, resilience decreased.
    5.Higher resilience was associated with higher secure and dismissing attachment tendencies and lower anxious and fearful attachment tendencies.
    6.Mediation effect: Adults who received psychological counseling interventions demonstrated higher fearful attachment tendencies through lower resilience compared to those without psychological counseling interventions.
    7.The overall research model explained 36.5% of the variance in secure attachment tendencies, 25.8% in anxious attachment tendencies, and 15.7% in fearful attachment tendencies, with resilience having the strongest explanatory power. The overall research model did not reach statistical significance for dismissing attachment tendencies.
    8.The internal and external protective factors in resilience can correspond to the self and other-related tendencies in attachment. Internal protective factors may enhance self-attachment tendencies, while external protective factors may strengthen other-attachment tendencies.
    At the end of the paper, recommendations are made regarding practical work, government policy planning, the general public, and future research. The paper concludes with a postscript, documenting the researcher’s own recovery journey and sharing words intended for adults exposed to intimate partner violence in childhood.
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