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    Title: 我國農業外籍勞動力運用模式之探討
    A Study on the Utilization Model of Agricultural Foreign Labor Force in Taiwan
    Authors: 邱崇民
    Qiu, Chong-Min
    Contributors: 成之約
    Cheng, Chih-Yu
    邱崇民
    Qiu, Chong-Min
    Keywords: 農業勞動力短缺
    移工政策
    農業移工
    Agricultural Labor Force Shortages
    Migrant Worker Policy
    Agricultural Migrant Workers
    Date: 2024
    Issue Date: 2024-12-02 11:21:05 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 農業對於我國之重要性不言而喻,它不僅對經濟成長有所貢獻,更在糧食安全、生態維護等議題上發揮重要作用,然而因人口高齡化及少子化之影響,願意投入農業之勞動力逐年下滑,導致國內農業缺工問題嚴峻,政府雖前後推行相關計畫及措施鼓勵國人從農,並同時透過技術創新和自動化應用減省勞動力需求,惟仍幫助有限,在各界反映下,我國自2019年起開放農業移工來臺協助農事。農業移工政策雖至今也因外界建議多次調整及放寬,惟仍有諸多可改善之處,因此本研究將針對我國現行農業外籍勞動力運用模式進行探討,瞭解相關政策實際推動情形及所遇問題,同時找出未來可能面臨之挑戰。
    勞動力不足及高齡化已成為不可逆之全球趨勢,再加上農村人口外移、勞動條件不佳等因素,各國當前同樣面臨農業缺工問題,在國內勞動力不足應付情況下,外籍勞動力已是不可忽視之重要人力資源。日本、韓國及美國依其國內農業生產環境及模式,均發展出一套屬於自己之農業外籍勞動力運用模式,且持續因應外界滾動檢討及修正,此得作為我國未來政策研擬之重要參考。
    本研究將透過文獻分析法及深度訪談法,蒐集並統整我國農業勞動力運用概況、缺工因應對策、農業外籍勞動力運用模式成效及所遇問題等資料,並參酌日韓美就農業外籍勞動力運用之寶貴經驗,同時透過訪談農民、農會、專家學者及主管機關,以多元角度分析我國農業勞動力短缺問題及移工管理政策,最後針對我國整體農業外籍勞動力運用模式提出相關建議,包含設法提升農業移工基本語言能力、勞動法規再考量農業特性適度調整、提升雇主透過合法管道申請農業移工之誘因、強化直接聘僱機制並支持非營利就業服務機構發展,以及妥善處理農業失聯移工問題。
    Agriculture's importance to our country is undeniable. It not only contributes to economic growth but also plays a crucial role in food security and ecological preservation. However, due to the effects of an aging population and declining birth rates, the number of people willing to work in agriculture is decreasing annually, leading to severe labor shortages in the sector. Despite various government initiatives and measures aimed at encouraging domestic involvement in farming and reducing labor demand through technological innovation and automation, the results have been limited. Based on the feedbacks from sectors, the government began allowing agricultural migrant workers to assist with farming in Taiwan starting in 2019. Although the agricultural foreign labor force policy has been adjusted and relaxed multiple times based on external suggestions, there are still many areas that need improvement. This study aims to examine the current use of agricultural foreign labor force in Taiwan, understand the implementation and challenges of related policies, and identify potential future challenges.
    Labor force shortages and aging populations are irreversible global trends. Additionally, factors such as rural-to-urban migration and poor labor force conditions have led to similar agricultural labor force shortages worldwide. Given the domestic labor force shortage, foreign labor force has become a crucial resource. Japan, South Korea, and the United States have each developed their own agricultural foreign labor force models tailored to their domestic agricultural environments and production modes. These countries continuously review and adjust their models, providing important references for future policy development in Taiwan.
    This study will use literature analysis and in-depth interviews to collect and synthesize data on the current state of agricultural labor force utilization in Taiwan, strategies to address labor force shortages, the effectiveness of foreign labor force models in agriculture, and challenges encountered. It will also draw on the valuable experiences of Japan, South Korea, and the United States in employing foreign labor force in agriculture. By interviewing farmers, agricultural associations, scholars, and competent authorities, the study will analyze Taiwan's agricultural labor force shortages and migrant worker management policies from multiple perspectives. Based on the findings, the study proposes recommendations for improving the overall use of agricultural foreign labor force in Taiwan, including enhancing agricultural migrant workers' basic language skills, adjusting labor force regulations to fit agricultural characteristics, increasing incentives for employers to legally hire agricultural migrant workers, strengthening direct hiring mechanisms, supporting the development of non-profit private employment services institution, and properly dealing with agricultural undocumented migrant workers.
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    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    勞工研究所
    110262009
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0110262009
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[勞工研究所] 學位論文

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