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    Title: 我國就業保險制度之探討─以育嬰留職停薪津貼為例
    Study on Employment Insurance in Taiwan : take parental leave allowances as examples
    Authors: 侯冠廷
    Contributors: 成之約
    侯冠廷
    Keywords: 彈性津貼請領制度
    育嬰留職停薪津貼
    Parental leave allowance
    Flexible allowance payment system
    Date: 2024
    Issue Date: 2024-12-02 11:20:41 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 本研究在探討我國現行育嬰留職停薪津貼制度是否符合勞工需求,以及如何透過引入彈性給付制度和提升男性請領率來精進現有政策。研究背景指出,隨著經濟壓力增大和社會性別角色的轉變,越來越多的家庭面臨在育兒與職業發展之間的平衡問題。因此,本研究首先透過文獻分析法,參考瑞典、德國和加拿大等國的親職假及育嬰津貼制度,探討這些國家的政策設計與我國的異同,並分析其對我國政策改進的啟示。其次,本研究採用了深度訪談法,針對已婚勞工、企業人資和勞動學者進行訪談,以了解不同群族對該制度的看法與建議。
      研究發現,現行育嬰留職停薪津貼制度在一定程度上提升津貼申請率,特別是男性勞工的申請率有所提高。然而,受限於津貼金額和請領彈性的不足,部分勞工在面對家庭經濟壓力時仍然選擇不申請或僅短期請領。此外,訪談結果顯示,受訪者普遍認為我國現行政策在性別平等推動方面仍有不足,特別是男性勞工的請領率較低,主要因為性別薪資差距和傳統性別角色觀念的影響。
      為此,本研究提出三項政策建議:首先,應考慮引入彈性津貼給付制度,讓勞工可以根據實際工作時間和經濟需求選擇部分工時或間斷性地請領津貼,從而減輕經濟壓力。其次,為提升男性請領率,建議政府設立針對男性勞工的特殊津貼或增加津貼比例,並探索基於實際收入計算津貼的方式,以減少性別薪資差距對請領決策的影響。最後,政府在推行政策時應加強與勞資雙方的溝通,充分聽取意見並謹慎評估政策實施的可行性,確保政策既能滿足家庭需求,也不對企業運營造成過大影響。
      總結來說,本研究強調了彈性給付和性別平等在育嬰津貼政策中的重要性,並提出具體建議以改善現有制度,期望這些建議能夠促進政策的優化,從而更好地支持家庭和諧與社會發展。
    This study aims to explore whether the current parental leave allowance system in our country meets the needs of workers and how to improve the existing policy by introducing a flexible payment system and increasing the male claim rate. The research background indicates that as economic pressures increase and societal gender roles shift, more and more families are facing challenges in balancing childcare and career development. Therefore, this study first employed a literature analysis method, referencing parental leave and childcare allowance systems in countries such as Sweden, Germany, and Canada, to examine the similarities and differences between these countries' policy designs and ours, and to analyze their implications for improving our policies. Secondly, the study utilized in-depth interviews with married workers, corporate HR personnel, and labor scholars to understand the perspectives and suggestions of different groups regarding the system.
      The research found that the current parental leave allowance system has moderately increased the allowance application rate, particularly among male workers. However, due to the limitations in the amount of the allowance and the lack of flexibility in claiming it, some workers still choose not to apply or only apply for short-term benefits when facing family economic pressures. Additionally, the interview results revealed that respondents generally believe that the current policy still lacks sufficient promotion of gender equality, especially as the male application rate remains low, mainly due to the gender wage gap and traditional gender role perceptions.
      In response, this study proposes three policy recommendations: first, consider introducing a flexible allowance payment system that allows workers to choose part-time work or intermittent payments based on actual working hours and economic needs, thereby reducing financial pressure. Secondly, to increase the male claim rate, it is recommended that the government establish special allowances for male workers or increase the allowance ratio, and explore ways to calculate allowances based on actual income to mitigate the impact of the gender wage gap on claim decisions. Lastly, when implementing policies, the government should strengthen communication with both labor and management, thoroughly listen to their opinions, and carefully assess the feasibility of policy implementation to ensure that the policies meet family needs without imposing excessive burdens on business operations.
      In summary, this study emphasizes the importance of flexible payment and gender equality in the parental leave allowance policy and offers specific suggestions to improve the existing system, hoping that these recommendations will promote policy optimization and better support family harmony and social development.
    Reference: 中文文獻
    壹、期刊與專書
    王舒芸、劉侑學(2019),建立我國調和工作與家庭衝突之友善勞動環境,國土及公共治理季刊,7-1,頁32-44。
    王舒芸、李庭欣(2013),「善爸」甘休?「育爸」不能?與照顧若即若離的育嬰假爸爸,臺大社工學刊,28,頁93-136。
    王舒芸、劉侑學(2021),誰是時間權力的富爸媽?育嬰假「社會投資」了誰?,國家發展研究,20-1,頁131-184。
    王素彎、彭素玲、陳麗萍(2021),育嬰留職停薪津貼請領者職涯變化之探討,勞動及職業安全衛生研究季刊,29-1,頁39-63。
    王素彎(2021),育嬰留職停薪津貼政策的深層思考,經濟前瞻,198,頁60-65。
    田庭芳、伍維婷、羅宜芬、陳瓊芬、林以加、吳麗娜(2002),兩性工作平等法立法大事紀,財團法人婦女新知基金會,頁8-22。
    李思嫺(2021),「助圓夢、安心生、國家跟你一起養」政策之勞動相關措施說明,67,頁42-46。
    吳姿慧(2016),我國育嬰留職停薪制度申請要件及程序之檢討—兼論育嬰之本質及責任,臺北大學法學論叢,98,頁94-95。
    馬財專,回首來時路:育嬰留職津貼的初步思索(2007),社區發展季刊,119,頁435。
    唐文慧、楊佳羚(2006),瑞典育嬰休假制度之研究:共同照顧之價值,政大勞動學報,19,頁79-88。
    常欣怡(2003),瑞典兒童照顧制度對台灣相關政策之啟示,社區發展季刊,101,頁465。
    楊瑩(1996),瑞典的兩性工作平等制度,中央研究院歐美研究所,頁13。
    劉梅君(2002),兩性工作平等法中「育嬰津貼」的定位及立法意義淺析,萬國法律,125,頁2-9。
    謝其楠(2006),加拿大之育嬰假與津貼發放制度,政大勞動學報,20,頁129。
    貳、政府官方資訊
    立法院法律系統,性別平等工作法立法沿革,取自:https://lis.ly.gov.tw/lglawc/lawsingle?00A52D5B45790000000000000000032000000007000000^03616112073100^00000000000,最後瀏覽日期:2024年9月3日。
    立法院法律系統,就業保險法立法沿革,取自:https://lis.ly.gov.tw/lglawc/lawsingle?000E2524C6C90000000000000000032000000007000000^03631110122400^00016001001,最後瀏覽日期:2024年9月3日。
    立法院,立法院第7屆第2會期第3次會議議案關係文書,取自:https://lis.ly.gov.tw/lgcgi/lgmeetimage?cfc8cfcdcfccc8cdc5c6ccd2cecfcb,最後瀏覽日期:2024年9月3日。
    立法院,立法院第8屆第7會期第12次會議議案關係文書,取自:https://lis.ly.gov.tw/lgcgi/lgmeetimage?cfc7cfc8cecdc8c7c5ced2cccb,最後瀏覽日期:2024年9月3日。
    行政院,建構安心懷孕友善生養環境,取自:https://www.ey.gov.tw/Page/5A8A0CB5B41DA11E/e64cf95e-2a06-4597-a833-049a2ca72c0a,最後瀏覽日期:2024年9月3日。
    勞動部,放寬申請育嬰留職停薪期間彈性、育嬰留職停薪津貼再加碼、產檢假薪資補助等措施將於7月1日上路,取自:https://www.mol.gov.tw/1607/1632/1640/33109/,最後瀏覽日期:2024年9月3日。
    勞動部,加給2成育嬰留職停薪期間薪資補助,鼓勵雙親共同育嬰,取自:https://www.mol.gov.tw/1607/1632/1640/49068/post,最後瀏覽日期:2024年9月3日。
    勞動部,勞動統計查詢網-育嬰留職停薪津貼核付情形,取自:https://statdb.mol.gov.tw/statiscla/webMain.aspx?sys=210&funid=mq03,最後瀏覽日期:2024年9月3日。
    勞動部,111年我國兩性薪資差距,取自:https://www.mol.gov.tw/media/vdgjosj3/111%E5%B9%B4%E6%88%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%85%A9%E6%80%A7%E8%96%AA%E8%B3%87%E5%B7%AE%E8%B7%9D.pdf,最後瀏覽日期:2024年9月3日。
    勞動部,彈性育嬰留職停薪試辦原則,取自:https://www.cnaic.org/news/9e2559,最後瀏覽日期:2024年9月3日。
    勞動部,110年工作場所就業平等概況調查,取自:https://srda.sinica.edu.tw/datasearch_detail.php?id=3489,最後瀏覽日期:2024年9月3日。
    臺北市就業服務處,育嬰留職停薪復職關懷結果報告,取自:https://eso.gov.taipei/cp.aspx?n=68F79B1B5DA06B93,最後瀏覽日期:2024年9月3日。
    參、網路資訊
    104人力銀行,試辦「彈性育嬰假」開跑,64家公私企業可以「日」為單位申請,取自:https://vip.104.com.tw/preLogin/recruiterForum/post/161465,最後瀏覽日期:2024年9月3日。
    今周刊,台灣生育意願大調查,取自:https://www.businesstoday.com.tw/article/category/202071/post/202104140022/,最後瀏覽日期:2024年9月3日。
    中央社,勞動部試辦彈性育嬰假 89家公私單位參與,取自:https://www.cna.com.tw/news/ahel/202406220051.aspx,最後瀏覽日期:2024年9月3日。
    親子天下,《親子天下》調查,57%父母認為行政院托育政策減輕負擔、但僅1成考慮多生一個,取自:https://www.parenting.com.tw/article/5079156,最後瀏覽日期:2024年9月3日。
    外國文獻
    壹、期刊與專書
    Christine Fuchsloch, Kirsten Scheiwe(2007), Leitfaden Elterngeld, Verlag C.H. Beck, 14.
    Duvander, Ann-Zofie, Ferrarini, Tommy& Sara Thalberg(2005), Swedish parental leave and gender equality- Achievements and reform challenges in a European perspective, Institutet för Framtidsstudier, 9.
    Grunow, D., Schulz, F., & Blossfeld, H. P. (2012), What determines change in the division of housework over the course of marriage? International evidence from 12 countries, European Sociological Review, 29(4), 750-765.
    John Ekberg, Rickard, ErikssonGuido Friebel(2013), Parental Leave - A Policy Evaluation of the Swedish "Daddy-Month" Reform, Discussion Paper, 1617, 6.
    Kleinert, C. (2011), The German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP) - Scope, evolution and enhancements, Schmollers Jahrbuch: Journal of Applied Social Science Studies, 131(2), 367-374.
    Olivier Thevenon, Anne Solaz (2013), Labour Market Effects of Parental Leave Policies in OECD Countries, OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers, 141, 9.
    Sophie Mathieu, Andrea Doucet, Lindsey McKay(2020), Parental Leave Benefits and Inter-Provincial Differences: The Case of Four Canadian Provinces, Canadian Journal of Sociology/Cahiers canadiens de sociologie, 45(2), 170-194.
    貳、各國政府與國際組織資訊
    Andreas Reuther, Reform of the German Law On Parental Allowance And Parental Leave (Bundeselterngeld- und Elternzeitgesetz – BEEG), retrieved from: https://www.globalworkplaceinsider.com/2014/11/reform-of-the-german-law-on-parental-allowance-and-parental-leave-bundeselterngeld-und-elternzeitgesetz-beeg/, last visited: September.3, 2024.
    Bek. v., Law on parental allowance and parental leave, retrieved from: https://www.global-regulation.com/translation/germany/385266/law-on-parental-allowance-and-parental-leave.html, last visited: September.3, 2024.
    Bundesministerium für Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend (BMFSFJ), Elterngeld und ElterngeldPlus, retrieved from: https://www.bmfsfj.de/bmfsfj/themen/familie/elterngeld-und-elterngeldplus/elterngeld-und-elterngeldplus-33800, last visited: September.3, 2024.
    Bundesministerium für Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend (BMFSFJ), Parental Allowance and Parental Leave, retrieved from: https://www.bmfsfj.de/bmfsfj/meta/en/publications-en/parental-allowance-and-parental-leave-139912, last visited: September.3, 2024.
    Campa, Pamela, What is the evidence on the Swedish “paternity leave” policy? , retrieved from: https://freepolicybriefs.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/fpb20240205.pdf, last visited: September.3, 2024.
    Försäkringskassan, FPAntalDagarBeloppAlder, retrieved from: https://www.forsakringskassan.se/statistik-och-analys/barn-och-familj/statistik-inom-omradet-barn-och-familj---foraldrapenning, last visited: September.3, 2024.
    Government of Sweden, Parental Leave Act (Föräldraledighetslagen 1995:584), retrieved from: https://www.government.se/government-policy/labour-law-and-work-environment/1995584-parental-leave-act-foraldraledighetslagen/, last visited: September.3, 2024.
    Government of Canada, Employment Insurance Act (RSC 1985, c E-5.6), retrieved from: https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/e-5.6/, last visited: September.3, 2024.
    Government of Canada, Labour Standards Code (RSC 1970, c L-2), retrieved from: https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/l-2/page-27.html#h-342566, last visited: September.3, 2024.
    Government of Canada, Employment Insurance (EI) Maternity and Parental Benefits Eligibility, retrieved from: https://www.canada.ca/en/services/benefits/ei/ei-maternity-parental/eligibility.html, last visited: September.3, 2024.
    MacroTrends, Canada Birth Rate, retrieved from: https://www.macrotrends.net/countries/CAN/canada/birth-rate, last visited: September.3, 2024.
    OECD, A Good Start for Equal Parenting: Paid Parental Leave, retrieved from: https://read.oecd-ilibrary.org/social-issues-migration-health/the-pursuit-of-gender-equality/a-good-start-for-equal-parenting-paid-parental-leave_9789264281318-19-en#page1, last visited: September.3, 2024.
    Regeringen, Prop. 2008/09:200, retrieved from: https://lagen.nu/prop/2008/09:200, last visited: September.3, 2024.
    Riksdagen, Föräldraledighetslag (1995:584), retrieved from: https://www.riksdagen.se/sv/dokument-och-lagar/dokument/svensk-forfattningssamling/foraldraledighetslag-1995584_sfs-1995-584/#overgang, last visited: September.3, 2024.
    Supreme Court of Canada, Reference re Parental Leave, retrieved from: https://scc-csc.lexum.com/scc-csc/scc-csc/en/item/903/index.do, last visited: September.3, 2024.
    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    勞工研究所
    109262014
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0109262014
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[勞工研究所] 學位論文

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