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https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/153364
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Title: | 臺灣居民的全死因及主要死因時空分析 Spatial-Temporal Analysis of All-Cause and Leading Causes of Death for Taiwan’s Residents |
Authors: | 陳玟儒 Chen, Wen-Ru |
Contributors: | 余清祥 Yue, Ching-Syang 陳玟儒 Chen, Wen-Ru |
Keywords: | 小區域估計 地區差異 主要死因 空間分析 標準化死亡率 Small Area Estimation Regional Differences Major Death Causes Spatial Analysis Standardized Mortality Ratio |
Date: | 2024 |
Issue Date: | 2024-09-04 14:56:23 (UTC+8) |
Abstract: | 臺灣幅員不大,縣市甚至鄉鎮市區間的差異不小,不僅人口數及人口結構非常不同,再加上地理及先天環境的區隔,政府或民間企業需要因地制宜,制訂屬於各地區特色的發展政策。但評估各地居民需求的方法及模型,又會因為人數少而產生偏誤,以平均餘命的估計為例,小區域可能面臨人口數較少、死亡數為零而導致死亡率震盪,造成死亡率估計上的困難,這也是我國生命表編算不考慮鄉鎮市區層級的主因之一。本文目標為透過擴大樣本,集結與目標小區域特性相似之地區,降低小區域死亡率之估計誤差。 但如何判斷參考地區的特性與小區域類似,至今尚未定論。本文以我國鄉鎮市區的全死因、主要死因為依據,找出臺灣居民死亡率的時空特性,作為挑選參考地區的標準。各鄉鎮市區死亡率特色的分析,包括各地全死因及三大主要死因(惡性腫瘤、心臟疾病、肺炎)之標準化死亡率(Standardized Death Rate, SDR)與人口密度及經緯度的關係。除了考慮各年度的死亡率數值大小,亦加入死亡率的時間變化率,作為判斷地區特性是否相似的標準。分析發現全死因及三大主要死因死亡趨勢明顯不同,全死因呈下降趨勢;惡性腫瘤先升後降;心臟疾病下降後持平;肺炎則呈上升趨勢,而相同死因在各地區的趨勢也存在差異。另外,全死因及惡性腫瘤的SDR隨著人口數及人口密度增加而下降,人口數少或人口密度低的地區改善幅度高,但變異程度也高。心臟疾病SDR同樣隨人口數增加而下降,但在人口數少的地區改善幅度較不一致;肺炎SDR與人口數的關係較不明顯,不論人口數多少皆隨時間惡化,背後應與2021年及2022年新冠肺炎疫情有關。 Although Taiwan is small, the population structure and natural environment vary greatly among counties, cities and township. Local governments need to adapt local conditions and formulate policies that are unique to each region. Mortality models are one of popular choices for dealing with specific local needs, but they often suffer from estimation bias when faced with areas with small populations. This is one of the main reasons why Taiwan’s life tables do not cover smaller administrative levels, such as township. In this study, we introduce an approach to reduce estimation errors by increasing sample sizes via grouping areas with similar mortality profile. This article focuses on all causes of death and main causes of death in Taiwan. We explore the spatiotemporal characteristics of mortality rates (in terms of standardized death rate, SDR) in the township level, and use them to select reference population for small areas. The analysis showed that the death trends for all causes of death and three major causes of death (cancer, heart disease, and pneumonia) were significantly different: overall mortality declines; cancer rates first rise and then fall; heart disease decreases then stabilizes; pneumonia trends upward. SDR for all causes and cancer decreases with larger populations and higher densities, but smaller areas show greater variability. The relationship between pneumonia SDR and population size is less clear, and the pneumonia SDR recently, likely caused by COVID-19 pandemic. |
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Description: | 碩士 國立政治大學 統計學系 111354018 |
Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111354018 |
Data Type: | thesis |
Appears in Collections: | [統計學系] 學位論文
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