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    Title: 全球移轉訂價文檔架構之稅務治理
    Tax governance of global transfer pricing documentation framework
    Authors: 林棠妮
    Lin, Tangni
    Contributors: 王文杰
    林棠妮
    Lin, Tangni
    Keywords: 移轉訂價
    BEPS第13項行動計劃
    稅務資訊交換
    預先訂價協議
    相互協議程序
    Transfer pricing
    BEPS action 13
    APA
    MAP
    Date: 2024
    Issue Date: 2024-09-04 14:42:39 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 全球化的商業活動持續快速發展,跨國集團企業的經營模式及交易模式也隨之變化。部分跨國集團企業為了追求利潤極大化,經常利用各國稅制的差異以及國際稅務資訊的不透明,進行租稅規劃和交易安排,以達到稅負最小化的目標。然而,這種行為對各國的稅基造成了侵蝕,嚴重影響了各國的稅收,甚至導致雙重不課稅的現象,破壞了稅制的公平性。當跨國企業利用避稅策略成為新聞頭條時,各國面臨的財政壓力和現有稅制的挑戰也變得更加明顯。

    針對這些挑戰,OECD於2013年提出了BEPS行動計劃,第13項行動計劃針對全球移轉訂價文檔架構提出了新要求,旨在提高稅務資訊透明度,並加強國際間的合作。該文檔架構包括三個層次:集團主檔報告、移轉訂價報告和國別報告,分別針對跨國企業的整體背景、各地區交易符合性及全球稅務資訊進行披露。這些文檔有助於稅務機關更全面地了解跨國企業的全球運營狀況,並有效防止利用內部交易重新分配利潤以避稅。

    此外,本研究探討了稅務資訊交換的機制與挑戰,強調多邊稅務行政互助公約、雙邊租稅協定和稅務資訊交換協定在提升稅務透明度中的重要性。然而,由於各國稅制差異、跨國企業交易複雜性及資訊保密性問題,稅務資訊交換在實踐中仍面臨不少挑戰。

    本論文進一步討論了國際稅務爭議解決機制的重要性,如預先訂價協議(APA)和相互協議程序(MAP),這些機制能有效降低稅務爭議風險,避免雙重課稅,並為跨國企業提供穩定的稅務環境。對於跨國企業而言,面對這些新要求,需要積極應對,確保稅務資料的一致性和準確性,加強內部稅務合規管理。

    總結來說,全球移轉訂價文檔架構的稅務治理對跨國企業提出了更高的合規要求和挑戰。通過採取本文提出的建議,跨國企業可以有效管理稅務風險,提高稅務資訊透明度,確保其全球經營活動下的稅務風險。在不斷變化的國際稅務環境中,企業需要保持靈活和適應性,積極應對各種稅務挑戰,實現可持續發展。這不僅有助於企業在全球市場中保持競爭力,還能促進國際稅務治理的公平性和有效性。
    In recent years, the rapid globalization of business activities has significantly reshaped the operational and transactional frameworks of multinational corporations (MNCs). These entities, in their operational goal for profit maximization and efficient resource utilization, often exploit discrepancy in national tax systems and the opacity of international tax information. Such practices have led to enormous base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS), undermining the tax bases of numerous countries and creating significant unfairness within global tax systems. High-profile cases, such as Apple's tax arrangements in Ireland and Starbucks' in the Netherlands, have highlighted these issues, prompting international calls for reform of tax policy.

    In response to these challenges, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) launched the BEPS Action Plan in 2013, encompassing 15 specific actions aimed at curbing tax avoidance by MNCs. Central to these efforts is Action 13, which mandates new standards for transfer pricing documentation and country-by-country reporting (CBCR). This action seeks to enhance transparency and provide tax authorities with comprehensive information to better assess transfer pricing risks and ensure compliance with the arm's length principle.

    This study examines the implications of the global transfer pricing documentation framework for MNCs, focusing on their compliance obligations and the impact of increased transparency on tax governance. It further divides into the three-tiered documentation structure introduced by BEPS Action 13, which includes the Local File, Master File, and CBCR. Each component is analyzed for its role in providing a holistic view of an MNC's global operations and economic activities, thereby facilitating more effective tax risk assessments by tax authorities.

    The research also explores the legal basis for tax information exchange and the mechanisms through which this information is shared among jurisdictions. It evaluates the tax risk indicators in relation with transfer pricing. Furthermore, the study addresses the resolution of international tax disputes, particularly those arising from economics double taxation. It discusses the principles of tax jurisdiction, the mechanisms available for eliminating double taxation, and the roles of tax treaties, advance pricing agreements (APAs), and mutual agreement procedures (MAPs) in resolving such disputes.

    The findings highlight the necessity for enhanced transparency and cooperation between tax jurisdictions to combat BEPS and promote fair tax practices. The study concludes with practical recommendations for MNCs on how to adapt to the evolving compliance landscape, effectively manage tax risks, and leverage dispute resolution mechanisms to ensure tax certainty and stability in their global operations. These insights are crucial for MNCs navigating the complexities of international tax compliance in an era of heightened regulatory scrutiny and global tax reform.
    Reference: 參考文獻
    一、 書籍(以作者姓名筆劃排序)
    1. 吳蓮英、宋秀玲主編,移轉訂價制度詳解 – 我國法制暨國際比較,實用稅務出版,2005年。
    2. 陳清秀,國際稅法,5版,元照,2021年。
    3. 黃茂榮等主編,BEPS行動方案與國際稅法,元照,2021年。
    4. 藍元駿,國際租稅入門,五南,2018年。

    二、 期刊(以作者姓名筆劃排序)
    1. 李建良,論國際條約的國內法效力與法位階定序-國際條約與憲法解釋之關係的基礎課題,憲法解釋之理論與實務第八輯,2013年,頁216 。
    2. 許耀明,未內國法化之國際條約與協定在我國法院之地位,司法新聲,2012年,頁21-22。
    3. 陳衍任,國際稅法在「數位經濟」面臨的衝擊與挑戰:評「BEPS 第 1 號行動方案」對我國 跨境電商課稅制度的影響,臺大法學論叢第 48 卷第 1 期,2018年,頁278。
    4. 陳清秀,國際稅法上租稅仲裁程序概說,法令月刊第六十九卷第一期,2016年。
    5. 陳香梅、黃庭欣,租稅協定、資訊交換條款 與跨國公司的海外營運活動,經濟研究,2015年
    6. 陳香梅、胡偉民、林正新,稅務資訊交換機制對台灣上市公司海外分支機構股權斷鏈之影響,經濟論文,2022年,頁 203。
    7. 黃士洲,租稅協定與境外佣金的課稅權歸屬-最高行政法院109年度判字第101號行政判決簡析,月旦財稅實務釋評,第9期,2020年,頁55。
    8. 黃源浩,論國際稅法中的居民稅收管轄權,東海大學法學研究第四十六期,2013年,頁69。
    9. 謝如蘭,外國營利事業境外提供勞務之所得來源地認定問題,東吳法律學報第二十六卷第三期,2012年。
    10. 謝如蘭,兩岸租稅協議下個人勞務所得及課稅資訊交換之研究,東海大學法學研究第五十六期,2016年。

    三、 碩士論文(以作者姓名筆劃排序)
    1. 吳敏暄,論權利金之稅收管轄權,國立台灣大學法律學院研究所碩士論文,2017年。
    2. 洪慧恆論「國際投資協定」與租稅法律秩序的調和-租稅條款的再建構,國立台灣大學法律學院研究所碩士論文,2018年。
    3. 張博洋,無形資產移轉訂價報告國際規範之改革-台商全球經營之因應,東吳大學法學院法律學系碩士論文,2019年。
    4. 鍾宛嫣,國際稅務資訊交換制度與納稅人權保障-以OECD範本與歐盟法為中心,國立台灣大學法律學院研究所碩士論文,2016年。
    四、 官方文件及出版物
    1. MANUAL ON EFFECTIVE MUTUAL AGREEMENT PROCEDURES, 2007
    2. OECD, Action Plan on Base Erosion and Profit Shifting, OECD Publishing, 2013
    3. OECD Model Convention on Income and Capital, 2017
    4. OECD , Guidance on the Appropriate Use of Information contained in CbC Repots, September 2017
    5. OECD, BPPS Action 13, Country by Country reporting Handbook on effective implantation, September 2017
    6. BEPS Action 13 country-by-country reporting , Handbook on Effective Tax Assessment, September 2017
    7. OECD, Inclusive Framework on BEPS, progress report July 2016-June 2017
    8. OECD, Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations, January 2022
    9. OECD/G20, Inclusive Framework on BEPS, progress report September 2022-September 2023
    10. 移轉訂價查核準則
    11. 所得稅協定查核準則
    12. 適用所得稅協定相互協議程序作業要點
    13. 租稅協定稅務用途資訊交換作業辦法
    14. 李顯峰等,我國因應國際反避稅趨勢執行跨國資訊交換之研究,財政部104年度委託研究報告,頁7。
    15. 黃燕雯,參加經濟合作暨發展組織(OECD)舉辦「移轉訂價文據及國別報告」,2016年,頁52。
    16. 楊濛徽,參加經濟合作暨發展組織(OECD)與新加坡內地稅務局聯合舉辦「租稅確定性研討會」,2018年,頁16-17。
    五、 網路資源
    1. https://stories.starbucks.com/emea/stories/2024/starbucks-files-uk-and-emea-accounts-for-the-fiscal-year-ended-october-2023/,最後瀏覽日期:2024/3/30。
    2. https://transferpricingnews.com/luxembourg-transfer-pricing-ruling-did-not-favour-fiat-eu-top-court/,最後瀏覽日期:2024/4/2。
    3. KPMG 安侯建業網站,新興議題/ 稅基侵蝕及利潤移轉(BEPS)行動計畫專區 /BEPS 計畫介紹 http://www.kpmg.com/TW/zh/topics/beps/Pages/about-beps.aspx,最後瀏覽日期:2024/1/31。
    4. https://www.mof.gov.tw/singlehtml/1529?cntId=81784,最後瀏覽日期:2024/6/2。
    5. https://www.oecd.org/tax/beps/beps-actions/action13/ ,最後瀏覽日:2024/4/29。
    6. International framework for the CRS - Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (oecd.org) ,最後瀏覽日:2024/4/29。
    7. Country-by-country reporting for tax purposes | OECD,最後瀏覽日:2024/5/1。
    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    法學院碩士在職專班
    106961060
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0106961060
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[Master of Laws Program for Executives] Theses

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