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    題名: 臺灣民眾的社會資本、一般信任與公民意識關聯性之研究
    A Study on the Relationship between Taiwanese Social Capital, General Trust and Civic Consciousness
    作者: 潘雅琪
    Pan, Ya-Ci
    貢獻者: 陳敦源
    王光旭

    Chen, Don-Yun
    Wang, Guang-Xu

    潘雅琪
    Pan, Ya-Ci
    關鍵詞: 社會資本
    公民意識
    一般信任
    社區參與
    社團參與
    social capital
    civic consciousness
    general trust
    community participation
    organizational participation
    日期: 2024
    上傳時間: 2024-09-04 13:42:11 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 隨著民主社會發展,民眾的公民意識成了社會穩定發展的重要基石。過去研究多著重於探討公民意識的建立能否強化公民參與及證實公民意識與民眾參與政治行為的關連性,但少有研究將公民意識作為依變項來探討。Putnam認為社會資本對於整體社會發展所帶來的正向發展,且發現社團活動參與皆為重要的組成要素。而國內學者認為臺灣民眾的社會資本不見得會展現在社團活動的參與上,而是反映在社區活動的參與和關係上,也希望了解近年投入大量資源的社區營造是否影響社區成員之社會資本。也有研究指出深受華人文化影響的臺灣社會民主發展序列可能與西方國家不同,個人社會資本可能對於公民社會有其影響力,因此加入個人社會資本的層次進行分析。而信任在過去研究中被認為是解決集體行動的困境維持社會穩定發展的重要角色,更是談論社會資本時不可或缺的部分,因此將一般信任放入研究變項之中,期待了解一般信任與社會資本及公民意識的關聯性。簡言之,本研究在社會資本上欲結合社團參與、社區參與與個人層次探討其與一般信任和公民意識的關聯性,讓此份研究更貼近臺灣社會的真實樣貌。
    本研究使用指導老師王光旭教授科技部計畫(計畫編號:MOST105-2628-H-024-001-SS2)所蒐集的問卷調查資料,並以描述性統計、差異性檢定、相關分析及多元迴歸等統計方法進行分析。研究結果發現,臺灣民眾的社團參與度低,但社區參與及個人社會資本表現不錯、臺灣民眾的一般信任與公民意識皆為出中間偏高、社團參與對於臺灣民眾的公民意識培養效果有限、社區參與對於公民意識的提升在臺灣社會有其獨特性、累積個人社會資本效果不會僅限於個人、參與社團活動對於社會中的信賴感提升效果有限、社區參與能夠增加社會中的信任關係、社會間的信任關係可以有效提升民眾的公民意識、社團參與和社區參與並沒有透過一般信任進而影響公民意識、個人社會資本可以透過一般信任進而提升民眾的公民意識。針對研究結果也提出以下六點政策建議:女性需要更多協助以提升參與公共事務機會、目前的社區營造的政策可能無法達到預期目標、政黨立場的表達在社會上往往形成兩難的局面需要妥善規劃對話空間、社區是提升臺灣民眾公民意識的一把重要鑰匙、個人能力的提升是個提升社會穩定性與公共事務關懷的一舉兩得方法、提升社會安定感和穩定性對於民眾公民意識的提升亦扮演重要角色。
    With the development of democratic society, the civic consciousness of the populace has become a crucial cornerstone for stable social development. Previous research has predominantly focused on whether cultivating civic consciousness strengthens citizen participation and confirming the relationship between civic consciousness and political engagement. However, there has been limited investigation into civic consciousness as a dependent variable. Putnam argues that social capital brings positive development to overall social development and finds that participation in civic organizations is an essential component. Domestic scholars believe that Taiwan's social capital may not necessarily manifest in participation in civic organizations but rather in community activities and relationships. They also seek to understand whether recent substantial investments in community building affect the social capital of community members. Additionally, studies suggest that Taiwan's social democratic development sequence, heavily influenced by Chinese culture, may differ from Western countries, and individual social capital may influence civil society. Therefore, the analysis includes levels of individual social capital. Trust has been considered crucial in maintaining social stability and solving collective action dilemmas in past studies, and it is an indispensable part of discussing social capital. Thus, general trust is included as a study variable to explore its association with social capital and civic consciousness. In short, this study aims to explore the relationship between civic consciousness and general trust in Taiwan's society through the integration of civic participation, community participation, and individual levels of social capital, making it more closely aligned with the real face of Taiwanese society.
    This study utilizes questionnaire survey data collected under the guidance of Professor Guang-Xu Wang's Ministry of Science and Technology project (Project Number: MOST105-2628-H-024-001-SS2) for analysis using descriptive statistics, difference testing, correlation analysis, and multiple regression. The findings reveal that civic participation in civic organizations is low among Taiwanese people, but community participation and individual social capital show promising results. General trust and civic consciousness among Taiwanese people are both relatively high. The study suggests that participation in civic organizations has limited effects on fostering civic consciousness among Taiwanese people, whereas community participation has its unique role in enhancing civic consciousness in Taiwanese society. Furthermore, the cumulative effect of individual social capital extends beyond personal boundaries. Participation in civic activities has a limited effect on increasing trust within society, while community participation can enhance trust relationships within society effectively. Civic consciousness is effectively enhanced by trust relationships between individuals in society, and civic participation and community participation do not necessarily influence civic consciousness through general trust. Lastly, individual social capital can enhance civic consciousness through general trust. Based on the research results, six policy recommendations are proposed: providing more assistance to women to enhance their opportunities for participating in public affairs, evaluating current community-building policies' effectiveness, properly planning dialogue spaces to resolve dilemmas arising from political stances, recognizing community as a key factor in enhancing civic consciousness among Taiwanese people, promoting personal capacity as a method to enhance social stability and public affairs concerns simultaneously, and recognizing the role of promoting social stability and enhancing civic consciousness among the populace.
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