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    題名: 民粹主義對移民政策的影響— 以匈牙利奧班政權為例，2010~2023
    The Impact of Populism on Immigration Policy— The Case of Orbán Regime in Hungary, 2010~2023
    作者: 尹姿淇
    Yin, Tzu-Chi
    貢獻者: 張文揚
    Chang, Wen-Yang
    尹姿淇
    Yin, Tzu-Chi
    關鍵詞: 民粹主義
    移民政策
    奧班政權
    青民盟
    匈牙利
    Populism
    Immigration policy
    Orbán regime
    Fidesz
    Hungary
    日期: 2024
    上傳時間: 2024-08-05 15:04:29 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 21 世紀以來，許多民主國家正在經歷「民主化的逆流」，而民粹主義作為內生於 民主、從中侵蝕民主根基的一股勢力，快速於多個國家中崛起;而究竟為什麼我們應 該要關注民粹主義政權?它是否會對國家政策產生實質影響?本文以匈牙利奧班政權 為研究對象，首先回顧民粹主義的內涵並給定操作型定義，得出民粹反移民的本質， 據此來檢視民粹主義是否能對移民政策產生實質影響。在回顧了匈牙利的歷史脈絡 後，本文分析奧班政權主要透過制度性的改動、異議的壓制與人民的滿意度三個方面 說明奧班所屬的青民盟得以獲得逾 2/3 多數席次來穩定執政的原因。其後就奧班政權 的移民政策，以制度層面以及移民議題的安全化兩個方面來檢視奧班如何透過不斷修 改體制以及形塑民眾對移民的危機感來實施緊縮性的移民政策，最後得出結論，民粹 主義對於移民政策確實能夠產生實質影響。
    Since the 21st century, many democratic countries have been experiencing a "reverse wave of democratization," with populism emerging as an endogenous force within democracy, eroding its foundations, and rapidly rising in many countries. But why should we pay attention to populist regimes? Will they have a substantial impact on national policies? This article uses the Orbán regime in Hungary as a case study. It first reviews the essence of populism and provides an operational definition, concluding that the essence of populism is anti-immigration. Based on this, it examines whether populism can have a substantial impact on immigration policy. After reviewing the historical context of Hungary, the article analyzes the reasons why the Fidesz party, led by Orbán, has been able to achieve over a two-thirds majority to maintain stable governance, primarily through institutional changes, suppression of dissent, and public satisfaction. Subsequently, regarding the immigration policy of the Orbán regime, the article examines how Orbán implements restrictive immigration policies by continuously modifying the system and shaping public perception of a crisis around immigration through institutional measures and securitization of immigration issues. Finally, it concludes that populism can indeed have a substantial impact on immigration policy.
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