Loading...
|
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/152907
|
| Title: | 國別報告對台灣上市公司於台灣利潤占比之影響
The Impact of Country-by-Country Reporting on the Profit Share of Taiwanese Listed Companies in Taiwan |
| Authors: | 李伊晴
LI, YI-QING |
| Contributors: | 陳香梅
Chen, Shine-May
李伊晴
LI, YI-QING |
| Keywords: | 國別報告
利潤占比
利潤移轉
租稅管轄區
Country-by-Country Reporting (CbCR)
Profit Share
Profit Shifting
Tax Jurisdiction |
| Date: | 2024 |
| Issue Date: | 2024-08-05 14:45:10 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 為檢視台灣國別報告的實施是否使台灣上市公司的利潤分布與經濟實質更為一致，本研究以2014-2021年台灣上市公司的關係企業營運資料為基礎，透過DID模型觀察2017年台灣開始實行國別報告法規後，對於需提交國別報告的上市公司台灣利潤占比的影響。不同於以往文獻研究國別報告對於利潤移轉行為時，多以總部利潤或分支機構利潤作為被解釋變數，本文彙總跨國企業分支機構於台灣的利潤占比，以租稅管轄區為單位進行實證分析。
本文實證結果說明國別報告的實施對於需提交國別報告的上市公司台灣利潤占比有正面影響，台灣利潤占比增加9%左右，且該效果主要發生於政策實施年及後一年（2017-2018年），說明國別報告的實施有效使利潤回流台灣。此外，採用台灣利潤值替換利潤占比、調整公司營收規模，或重新配對樣本等方式與主要實證結果維持一致性，說明本文實證結果相當穩健。
In order to examine whether the implementation of Country-by-Country Reporting (CbCR) in Taiwan has aligned the profit distribution and economic substance of Taiwanese listed companies more consistently. This study is based on the Relation’s Operation Detail of Taiwanese listed companies from 2014 to 2021. We use a DID model to observe the impact of Taiwan's implementation of CbCR regulations in 2017 on Taiwan’s profit share for listed companies required to submit CbCR. Unlike previous literature that predominantly focuses on headquarters’ profit share or affiliates’ pretax earnings when studying profit shifting behavior, this paper aggregates the profit share of MNEs’ affiliates in Taiwan and conducts empirical analysis on a tax jurisdiction basis.
The empirical results demonstrate that the implementation of CbCR positively affects the profit share of Taiwan for listed companies required to submit CbCR, increasing by approximately 9%. This effect primarily occurs in the year of policy implementation and the subsequent year (2017-2018), indicating that CbCR effectively induces profit repatriation to Taiwan. Additionally, using alternative methodologies, such as replacing profit share with profit value, adjusting for company revenue scale, or re-matching samples, yields consistent results with the main empirical findings, suggesting the robustness of the study results. |
| Reference: | 林繼國、陳一平（2002），「國輪船隊整建問題之研究」，台北市：交通部運輸研究所。
林玲圓、梁金樹、丁吉峰（2004），「台灣地區航商選擇登記本國船籍或權宜船籍分析」，《海運學報》，第13期，203-214。
鍾政棋、張雅涵、張志清（2006），「我國船舶設籍問題與因應對策之研擬」，《航運季刊》，15（3），41-62。
賀天君、鍾政棋、李選士（2014），「兩岸海運直航後貨櫃航商船舶設籍關鍵影響因素之分析」，《運輸計劃季刊》，43（4），393-410。
林棠妮（2020），「移轉訂價三層文檔下之查核洞悉」，KPMG新聞稿。檢自：https://kpmg.com/tw/zh/home/media/press-releases/2020/10/tw-transfer-pricing-audit-insight.html (Jan. 21, 2024)
陳珮瑜（2023），「參加經濟合作暨發展組織舉辦『有效運用國別報告資訊(Effective use of Country-by-Country Data)』視訊研討會會議報告」，財政部綜合規劃司出國報告（編號：C11200203），未出版。
Alexander, A., A. De Vito, and M. Jacob (2020), “Corporate Tax Reforms and Tax-Motivated Profit Shifting: Evidence from the EU,” Accounting and Business Research, 50(4), 309-341. doi:10.1080/00014788.2020.1712649
Aubry, M. and T. Dauphin (2017), “Opening the Vaults: The use of Tax Havens by Europe’s Biggest Banks,” Oxford: Oxfam International and Fair Finance Guide International. doi:10.21201/2017.9361. Retrieved from https://policy-practice.oxfam.org/resources/opening-the-vaults-the-use-of-tax-havens-by-europes-biggest-banks-620234/
Barker, J., K. Asare, and S. Brickman (2017), “Transfer Pricing as A Vehicle in Corporate Tax Avoidance,” Journal of Applied Business Research, 33(1), 9-16. doi:10.19030/jabr.v33i1.9863
Barradas, R. and S. Lagoa (2017), “Financialization and the Portuguese Real Investment: A Supportive or Disruptive Relationship?” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, 40(3), 413-439. doi:10.1080/01603477.2017.1286940
Bartelsman, E. J. and R. M. W. J. Beetsma (2003), “Why Pay More? Corporate Tax Avoidance through Transfer Pricing in OECD Countries,” Journal of Public Economics, 87(9–10), 2225-2252. doi:10.1016/S0047-2727(02)00018-X
Battalio, R. C., J. H. Kagel, and M. O. Reynolds (1978), “A Note on the Distribution of Earnings and Output Per Hour in an Experimental Economy,” The Economic Journal, 88(352), 822-829. doi:10.2307/2231980
Beer, S., R. de Mooij, and L. Liu (2020), “International Corporate Tax Avoidance: A Review of the Channels, Magnitudes, and Blind Spots,” Journal of Economic Review, 34(3), 660-688. doi:10.1111/joes.12305
Bilicka, K. A. and D. Scur (2021), “Organizational Capacity and Profit Shifting,” CEPR Discussion Paper, No. DP16502, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3928799
Billington, N. (1999), “The Location of Foreign Direct Investment: An Empirical Analysis,” Applied Economics, 31(1), 65-76. doi: 10.1080/00036846.2019.12067087
Bougheas, S., P. O. Demetriades, and E. L. W. Morgenroth (1999), “Infrastructure, Transport Costs and Trade,” Journal of International Economics, 47(1), 169-189. doi:10.1016/S0022-1996(98)00008-7
Chakrabarti, A. (2001), “The Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment: Sensitivity Analyses of Cross-Country Regressions,” Kyklos, 54(1), 89-113. doi:10.1111/1467-6435.00142
Clausing, K. A. (2016), “The Effect of Profit Shifting on the Corporate Tax Base in the United States and Beyond,” National Tax Journal, 69(4), 905-934. doi:10.17310/ntj.2016.4.09
Cockfield, A. J. and C. D. MacArthur (2015), “Country-by-Country Reporting and Commercial Confidentiality,” Canadian Tax Journal, 63(3), 627-660.
Collins, J., D. Kemsley, and M. Lang (1998), “Cross-Jurisdictional Income Shifting and Earnings Valuation,” Journal of Accounting Research, 36(2), 209-229. doi:10.2307/2491475
Davies, R. B., P. J. Norbäck, and A. Tekin-Koru (2009), “The Effect of Tax Treaties on Multinational Firms: New Evidence from Microdata,” The World Economy, 32(1), 77-110. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9701.2009.01158.x
Davies, R. B., J. Martin, M. Parenti, and F. Toubal (2018), “Knocking on Tax Haven’s Door: Multinational Firms and Transfer Pricing,” The Review of Economics and Statistics, 100(1), 120-134. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2550105
Desai, M. A., C. F. Foley, and J. R. Hines Jr. (2004), “Economic Effects of Regional Tax Havens,” NBER Working Paper, No. w10806, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=601108
Desai, M. A., C. F. Foley, and J. R. Hines Jr. (2006), “The Demand for Tax Haven Operations,” Journal of Public Economics, 90(3), 513-531. doi:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2005.04.004
De Simone, L. and M. Olbert (2022), “Real Effects of Private Country-by-Country Disclosure,” The Accounting Review, 97(6), 201-232. doi:10.2308/TAR-2020-0714
Deutscher Bundestag (2013), “Steuerzahlungen Multinationaler Unternehmen Transparent Machen – Country-by-Country Reporting in Deutschland Einführen und in Europa Vorantreiben,” Berlin: Author.
Devereux, M. P., B. Lockwood, and M. Redoano (2008), “Do Countries Compete over Corporate Tax Rates?” Journal of Public Economics, 92(5-6), 1210-1235. doi:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2007.09.005
Dharmapala, D. (2014), “What Do We Know about Base Erosion and Profit Shifting? A Review of the Empirical Literature,” Fiscal Studies, 35(4), 421-448. doi:10.1111/j.1475-5890.2014.12037.x
Dischinger, M. and N. Riedel (2011), “Corporate Taxes and the Location of Intangible Assets Within Multinational Firms,” Journal of public economics, 95(7-8), 691-707. doi:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2010.12.002
Dischinger, M., B. Knoll, and N. Riedel (2014), “The Role of Headquarters Firms in Multinational Profit Shifting Strategies,” International Tax and Public Finance, 21(2), 248–271. doi:10.1007/s10797-012-9265-5
Dyreng, S. D. and B. P. Lindsey (2009), “Using Financial Accounting Data to Examine the Effect of Foreign Operations Located in Tax Havens and Other Countries on U.S. Multinational Firms' Tax Rates,” Journal of Accounting Research, 47(5), 1283-1316. doi:10.1111/j.1475-679X.2009.00346.x
Dyreng, S. D., J. Hoopes, and J. H. Wilde (2016), “Public Pressure and Corporate Tax Behavior,” Journal of Accounting Research, 54(1), 147-186. doi:10.1111/1475-679X.12101
Eilon, S. (1985), “A Framework for Profitability and Productivity Measures,” Interfaces, 15(3), 31-40. doi:10.1287/inte.15.3.31
Evers, M. T., I. Meier, and C. Spengel (2017), “Country-by-Country Reporting: Tension between Transparency and Tax Planning,” ZEW Discussion Papers 17-008, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
Fehling, D. (2015), “Das Beps-Projekt Auf Der Zielgeraden – Was Bedeutet Dies Für Deutschland?” Finanz-Rundschau Ertragsteuerrecht, 97(18), 817-823. doi:10.9785/fr-2015-1802
Fuest, C., S. Greil, F. Hugger, and F. Neumeier (2022), “Global Profit Shifting of Multinational Companies: Evidence from CbCR Micro Data,” CESifo Working Paper, No. 9757, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4120149. doi:10.2139/ssrn.4120149
Grubert, H. and J. Mutti (1991), “Taxes, Tariffs and Transfer Pricing in Multinational Corporate Decision Making,” The Review of Economics and Statistics, 73(2), 285-293.
Hanlon, M. (2018), “Country-by-Country Reporting and the International Allocation of Taxing Rights,” International Bureau of Fiscal Documentation (IBFD), 72(4/5). doi:10.59403/zmn2tn
Heckemeyer, J. H. and M. Overesch (2017), “Multinationals’ Profit Response to Tax Differentials: Effect Size and Shifting Channels,” The Canadian Journal of Economics / Revue Canadienne d’Economique, 50(4), 965-994. doi:10.1111/caje.12283
Hines Jr., J. R. and E. M. Rice (1994), “Fiscal Paradise: Foreign Tax Havens and American Business,” The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 109(1), 149-182. doi:10.2307/2118431
Huang, H., L. Sun, and J. Zhang (2017), “Environmental Uncertainty and Tax Avoidance,” Advances in Taxation, 24, 83-124. United Kingdom: Emerald Publishing Limited. doi:10.1108/S1058-749720170000024002
Hugger, F. (2019), “The Impact of Country-by-Country Reporting on Corporate Tax Avoidance,” ifo Working Paper, No. 304, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, Munich.
Huizinga, H. and L. Laeven (2008), “International Profit Shifting Within Multinationals: A Multi-Country Perspective,” Journal of Public Economics, 92(5–6), 1164-1182. doi:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2007.11.002
Ismail, N. W. and J. M. Mahyideen (2015), “The Impact of Infrastructure on Trade and Economic Growth in Selected Economies in Asia,” ADBI Working Paper, 553, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2709294. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2709294
Janský, P. (2020), “European Banks and Tax Havens: Evidence from Country-By-Country Reporting,” Applied Economics, 52(54), 5967-5985. doi:10.1080/00036846.2020.1781773
Jones, C. and Y. Temouri (2016), “The Determinants of Tax Haven FDI,” Journal of World Business, 51 (2), 237-250. doi:10.1016/j.jwb.2015.09.001
Joshi, P. (2020), “Does Private Country-by-Country Reporting Deter Tax Avoidance and Income Shifting? Evidence from BEPS Action Item 13,” Journal of Accounting Research, 58(2), 333-381. doi:10.1111/1475-679X.12304
Kerr, C. (1949), “The Short-Run Behavior of Physical Productivity and Average Hourly Earnings,” The Review of Economics and Statistics, 31(4), 299-309. doi:10.2307/1928655
Kerr, J. N. (2019), “Transparency, Information Shocks, and Tax Avoidance,” Contemporary Accounting Research, 36(2), 1146–1183. doi:10.1111/1911-3846.12449
Kurniasih, L., Y. Yusri, F. Kamarudin, and A.F.S. Hassan (2023), “The Role of Country by Country Reporting on Corporate Tax Avoidance: Does it Effective for the Tax Haven?” Cogent Business & Management, 10(1). doi:10.1080/23311975.2022.2159747
Kurniawan, N. and A.D. Saputra (2020), “Does the Recently Implemented Regulation on Country-by-Country Reporting Deter Tax Avoidance?” Jurnal Akuntansi dan Keuangan Indonesia, 17(1), 59-83. doi:10.21002/jaki.2020.04
Lim, D. (1983), “Fiscal Incentive and Direct Foreign Investment in Less Developed Countries,” The Journal of Development Studies, 19(2), 207-212. doi:10.1080/00220388308421859
Lim, J. J. (2014), “Institutional and Structural Determinants of Investment Worldwide,” Journal of Macroeconomics, 41, 160-177. doi:10.1016/j.jmacro.2014.05.007
Limao, N. and A. J. Venables (2001), “Infrastructure, Geographical Disadvantage, Transport Costs, and Trade,” The World Bank Economic Review, 15(3), 451-479. doi:10.1093/wber/15.3.451
Lisowsky, P. (2010), “Seeking Shelter: Empirically Modeling Tax Shelters Using Financial Statement Information,” Accounting Review, 85(5), 1693-1720. doi:10.2139/ssrn.1089148
Mcclure, R., R. Lanis, P. Wells, and B. Govendir (2018), “The Impact of Dividend Imputation on Corporate Tax Avoidance: The Case of Shareholder Value,” Journal of Corporate Finance, 48, 492-514. doi:10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2017.10.007
Mills, L. F. and K. J. Newberry (2004), “Do Foreign Multinational's Tax Incentives Influence Their U.S. Income Reporting and Debt Policy?” National Tax Journal 57(1), 89-107. doi:10.17310/ntj.2004.1.05
Nessa, M. L., A. Persson, J. Z. Song, E. Towery, and M. Vernon (2022), “The Effect of U.S. Country-by-Country Reporting on U.S. Multinationals’ Tax-Motivated Income Shifting and Real Activities,” Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4130818. doi:10.2139/ssrn.4130818
Nordås, H. K. and R. Piermartini (2004), “Infrastructure and Trade,” WTO Staff Working Paper, No. ERSD-2004-04, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=923507. doi:10.2139/ssrn.923507
OECD (2015), “Action 13: Country-by-Country Reporting Implementation Package,” Paris: Author.
OECD (2017a), “OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations 2017,” Paris: Author. doi:10.1787/tpg-2017-en
OECD (2017b), “BEPS Action 13 on Country-by-Country Reporting – Guidance on the Appropriate Use of Information Contained in Country-by-Country Reports,” OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project, Paris: Author.
Ouyang, C., J. Xiong, and K. Huang (2020), “Do Multiple Large Shareholders Affect Tax Avoidance? Evidence from China,” International Review of Economics & Finance, 67, 207-224. doi:10.1016/j.iref.2019.12.009
Overesch, M. and H. Wolff (2021), “Financial Transparency to the Rescue: Effects of Public Country-by-Country Reporting in the European Union Banking Sector on Tax Avoidance,” Contemporary Accounting Research, 38(3), 1616-1642. doi:10.1111/1911-3846.12669
Payne, D. M. and C. A. Raiborn (2018), “Aggressive Tax Avoidance: A Conundrum for Stakeholders, Governments, and Morality,” Journal of Business Ethics, 147(3), 469-487. doi:10.1007/s10551-015-2978-5
Rego, S. O. (2003), “Tax-Avoidance Activities of U.S. Multinational Corporations,” Contemporary Accounting Research, 20(4), 805-833. doi:10.1506/VANN-B7UB-GMFA-9E6W
Richardson, G., G. Taylor, and R. Lanis (2013), “Determinants of Transfer Pricing Aggressiveness: Empirical Evidence from Australian Firms,” Journal of Contemporary Accounting and Economics, 9(2), 136-150. doi:10.1016/j.jcae.2013.06.002
Sabljić, S., B. Mörec, and V. Vasić (2022), “The Effects of Newly Introduced Country-By-Country Reporting on Aggressive Tax Avoidance: Evidence from European Banks,” The Singapore Economic Review, 1-23. doi:10.1142/S0217590822500096
Taylor, G., G. Richardson, and R. Lanis (2015), “Multinationality, Tax Havens, Intangible Assets, and Transfer Pricing Aggressiveness: An Empirical Analysis,” Journal of International Accounting Research, 14(1), 25-57. doi:10.2308/jiar-51019
Thiart, C. (2021), “Investigating the Impact of Country-by-Country Reporting on Effective Tax Rates: Exploratory Evidence from Listed South African Multinational Groups,” South African Journal of Accounting Research, 36(1), 45-56. doi:10.1080/10291954.2020.1860483
Tørsløv, T., L. Wier, and G. Zucman (2023), “The Missing Profits of Nations,” The Review of Economic Studies, 90(3), 1499-1534. doi:10.1093/restud/rdac049
Vicard, V. (2015), “Profit Shifting through Transfer Pricing: Evidence from French Firm Level Trade Data,” Banque de France Working Paper, No. 555, Available at https://ssrn.com/abstract=2614864. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2614864
Weichenrieder, A. J. (2009), “Profit Shifting in the EU: Evidence from Germany,” International Tax and Public Finance, 16(3), 281-297. doi:10.1007/s10797-008-9068-x
Wilson, R. J. (2009), “An Examination of Corporate Tax Shelter Participants,” The Accounting Review, 84(3), 969-999. doi:10.2308/accr.2009.84.3.969
Yang, L. (2023), “Country-by-Country Reporting and Corporate Tax Avoidance: Evidence from China,” Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 36(2), 1-18. doi:10.1080/1331677X.2022.2106283
Yoo, J. S. (2022), “The Effects of Transfer Pricing Regulations on Multinational Income Shifting,” Asia-Pacific Journal of Accounting & Economics, 29(3), 692-714. doi:10.1080/16081625.2020.1741277
Yunidar, A. and A. Firmansyah (2020), “The Effect of Financial Derivatives, Financial Leverage and Intangible Assets on Transfer Pricing Aggressiveness,” Jurnal Dinamika Akuntansi dan Bisnis, 7(1), 1-14. doi:10.24815/jdab.v7i1.15334 |
| Description: | 碩士
國立政治大學
財政學系
111255013 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111255013 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| Appears in Collections: | [財政學系] 學位論文
|
Files in This Item:
| File |
Description |
Size | Format | |
|---|
| 501301.pdf | | 2579Kb | Adobe PDF | 0 | View/Open |
|
All items in 政大典藏 are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved.
|
