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    Title: 虛擬電廠營運模式關鍵因素之權重探討與PESTLE研析
    Study of Weighting Assessment on Key Factors of Virtual Power Plant Operation Model and PESTLE Analysis
    Authors: 程靖翔
    Cheng, Ching-Hsiang
    Contributors: 許志義
    Jyh-Yih Hsu
    程靖翔
    Cheng, Ching-Hsiang
    Keywords: 虛擬電廠
    層級分析法
    PESTLE分析法
    營運模式
    再生能源
    Virtual Power Plant
    Analytic Hierarchy Process
    PESTLE Analysis
    Operating Model
    Renewable Energy
    Date: 2024
    Issue Date: 2024-08-05 13:37:43 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 全球暖化和氣候變遷促使各國積極制定淨零排放目標,虛擬電廠成為能源轉型的關鍵技術。虛擬電廠可整合分散式能源如太陽能板、風力發電機,優化能源運行,提供尖峰負載電力,調整用電負荷,以提升電網穩定性和彈性,減少對石化燃料的依賴。台灣應效仿先進國家,積極佈建各類場域虛擬電廠,推動長期運行模式,提高能源利用效率和降低碳排放,建設可持續的能源系統。
    本研究首先透過層級分析法,以經濟、技術、社會、環境面為主要指標建立層級架構,擬定出專家問卷,並分別對專家學者、台電主管、民營主管三個群組進行調查,分析各項虛擬電廠營運關鍵因素的權重。研究結果顯示,整體而言,在第一層級的四項「指標」中,較重要的前二項依序為經濟面(0.3610)、技術面(0.2523)。第二層級的八項「準則」中,較重要的前三項依序為計畫總效益(0.2123)、VPP系統穩定度(0.1661)、計畫總成本(0.1487)。在第三層級的十六項「因子」中,較重要的前五項則依序為電力批發市場競標售電收入(0.1106)、容量招標及輔助服務盈收(0.1017)、故障時間佔運行時間比例(0.0870)、系統服務故障恢復時間長短(0.0791)、營運成本(0.0748)。
    本研究另針對虛擬電廠在四種場域的運營模式進行PESTLE分析。在農牧場場域,乳牛固定的榨乳時間使其每日用電具明顯尖、離峰特性,而設置太陽能板等系統,以虛擬電廠技術調節電力需求,可降低電費及契約容量超標罰金,並增加售電收入。民眾住宅場域,雖初期建置成本高,但智慧家庭能源管理系統和太陽能設備的應用,可節省電費並參與需量競價創造額外收入,符合長期經濟效益。學校校園場域,暑假用電需求低,卻為太陽能發電高峰期,虛擬電廠可結合太陽能及儲能設備,減少電費支出,將多餘電力回饋電網。在工廠場域,台灣具備ICT產業優勢,可結合虛擬電廠提高能源管理效率。政府亦應持續推動如「用電大戶條款」等政策及補助措施,激勵企業加速能源轉型。
    Global warming and climate change have led countries to set net-zero emission targets, making Virtual Power Plants (VPPs) a key technology in the energy transition. VPPs integrate distributed energy resources like solar panels and wind turbines, optimize energy operations, provide peak load power, adjust power consumption, and enhance grid stability and flexibility while reducing fossil fuel reliance. Taiwan should follow advanced countries by actively deploying VPPs in various fields, promoting long-term operations to improve energy efficiency, reduce carbon emissions, and build a sustainable energy system.
    This study uses the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to establish a hierarchical framework with economic, technical, social, and environmental indicators as main criteria. An expert questionnaire was distributed to scholars, Taipower managers, and private sector managers to analyze the weights of key factors in VPP operations. Results show that the most important first-level indicators are the economic aspect (0.3610) and technical aspect (0.2523). The top three second-level criteria are project total benefit (0.2123), VPP system stability (0.1661), and project total cost (0.1487). The top five third-level factors are wholesale market electricity sales income (0.1106), capacity tender and ancillary services revenue (0.1017), ratio of fault time to operation time (0.0870), system service fault recovery time (0.0791), and operating cost (0.0748).
    The study also conducts a PESTLE analysis on VPP operational modes in four fields. In agriculture, fixed milking times of dairy cows create peak and off-peak electricity usage patterns. Installing solar panels and other systems allows VPPs to regulate power demand, reducing electricity costs and penalties for exceeding contract capacity while increasing revenue from electricity sales. In residences, although initial setup costs are high, smart home energy management systems and solar equipment save electricity costs and generate additional income through demand response, making it economically beneficial long-term. In schools, low electricity demand during summer vacations coincides with peak solar power generation. VPPs can combine solar and storage equipment to reduce electricity expenses and feed excess power back into the grid. In industry, Taiwan's ICT industry advantage can enhance energy management efficiency through VPPs. The government should continue promoting policies like the "large electricity consumer clause" and provide subsidies to incentivize companies to accelerate energy transition.
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    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    經濟學系
    111258026
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111258026
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[Department of Economics] Theses

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