政大機構典藏-National Chengchi University Institutional Repository(NCCUR):Item 140.119/152698

政大機構典藏-National Chengchi University Institutional Repository(NCCUR):Item 140.119/152698

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政大典藏 > College of Social Science > Department of Economics > Theses > Item 140.119/152698

Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/152698

Title:	生育懲罰的估計與成因：基於家庭動態調查的研究 Estimation and Causes of Child Penalty: Evidence from Panel Study of Family Dynamics
Authors:	郭芷綾 Kuo, Chih-Ling
Contributors:	黃柏鈞 Huang, Po-Chun 郭芷綾 Kuo, Chih-Ling
Keywords:	生育懲罰性別不平等固定效果模型工具變數法 Child penalty Gender inequality Fixed effect model Instrumental variable
Date:	2024
Issue Date:	2024-08-05 13:36:21 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	本文探討生育對勞動市場表現的影響，利用2004年至2020年的家庭動態調查數據，運用差異中差異法對男女進行生育第一位子女對勞動供給影響的分析，並通過事件研究法捕捉生育前後的動態變化，最終計算女性因生育而在勞動市場表現落後於男性的「生育懲罰」。研究結果顯示，女性在生育後勞動市場表現受到立即且顯著的負面衝擊，而男性幾乎不受影響。隨著生育第一胎的時間推移，女性所承受的生育懲罰有所增長，主要效果來自女性離開勞動市場和男性薪資增長的估計。進一步，使用工具變數法分析多胎生育對婦女勞動供給的影響，發現較高胎次的孩子出生仍對婦女勞動供給造成負面影響。最後，研究對不同特性樣本進行分類，重新估計生育懲罰，發現與公婆同住、在公部門工作以及持開放性別角色態度的女性，所受的生育懲罰相對較小。 This thesis explores the impact of childbirth on labor market performance using data from the Panel Study of Family Dynamics from 2004 to 2020. It employs the difference-in-differences method to analyze the effects of having the first child on the labor market outcomes for both genders and utilizes the event-study method to capture dynamic trend before and after the childbirth. Ultimately, the study calculates the "child penalty," indicating the extent to which women's labor market performance falls behind men's due to the childbirth. The findings reveal that women experience an immediate and significant negative impact on their labor market performance following the childbirth, while men are almost unaffected. Child penalty increases over time and the main effects come from women leaving the labor market and the estimated increase in men's wages. Additionally, the study uses the instrumental variable method to estimate the effect of higher-order births on women's labor supply, finding that the birth of higher-order children continues to have a negative effect on female labor supply. Lastly, the study categorizes samples based on specific characteristics to examine whether these effect the extent of the child penalty. It indicates that women who live with parents-in-law, work in the public sector, or hold liberal attitudes towards gender norms experience a smaller child penalty.
Reference:	李大正、楊靜利(2004)，「台灣婦女勞動參與類型與歷程之變遷」，《人口學刊》，28，109-134 原新、涂肇慶(2004)，「中國大陸出生性別比偏高之分析」，《人口學刊》，29，147-181 曾瀝儀、張金鶚、陳淑美(2006)，「老人居住安排選擇－代間關係之探討」，《住宅學報》，15(2)，45-64 駱明慶(2007)，「生育對婦女勞動供給的影響—工具變數法的估計」，行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫陳淑美、林佩萱(2010)，「親子世代的財務支援、照顧需要對老人居住安排與生活滿意度影響之研究」，《住宅學報》，19(1)，29-58 許碧純、邱浩政(2015)，「照顧子女的代價：母職對臺灣女性薪資影響的貫時性分析」，《臺灣社會學刊》，56，53-113 蕭宇評(2020)，《生育對臺灣家戶所得與財富的影響》，國立臺灣大學社會科學院經濟學系碩士論文黃柏鈞、黃新亞，(2023)，「娶妻前，生子後？以家庭動態調查衡量婚姻對勞動市場表現的影響」，《經濟論文》，51(3)，277-308 王文心(無日期)。想生或不想生？「家庭動態調查」資料對已婚者生育意願的初步觀察。中央研究院人文社會科學研究中心調查研究專題中心。上網日期：2024 年6月10日。檢自： https://survey.sinica.edu.tw/?p=14678&lang=zh38 勞動部(2016)。105 年育嬰留職停薪期滿復職關懷調查。上網日期：2024年6月10日。檢自：https://statdb.mol.gov.tw/html/svy05/0521analyze.pdf Boer, A. D. and Valerie, V. (2017). Patrilineality, Son Preference, and Sex Selection in South Korea and Vietnam. Population and Development Review, 43(1), 119–147. Choi, E. J. and Hwang, J. (2020). Transition of Son Preference: Child Gender and Parental Inputs in Korea. Demography, 57(2), 627–652. Fuse, K. (2013). Daughter Preference in Japan: A Reflection of Gender Role Attitudes? Demographic Research, 28, 1021–1052. Kleven, H., Landais, C. and Søgaard, J. E. (2019). Children and Gender Inequality: Evidence from Denmark. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 11(4), 181–209. Kleven, H., Landais, C., Posch, J., Steinhauer, A. and Zweimüller, J. (2019). Child Penalties across Countries. AEA Papers and Proceedings, 109, 122–126. Kleven, H. (2023). The Geography of Child Penalties and Gender Norms: Evidence from the United States. NBER Working Paper, 30176. Kleven, H., Landais, C. and Leite-Mariante, G. (2023). The Child Penalty Atlas. NBER Working Paper, 31649. Angrist, J. D., & Evans, W. N. (1998). Children and Their Parents’ Labor Supply: Evidence from Exogenous Variation in Family Size. The American Economic Review, 88(3), 450–477.
Description:	碩士國立政治大學經濟學系 111258005
Source URI:	http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111258005
Data Type:	thesis
Appears in Collections:	[Department of Economics] Theses

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