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Title:	亞太地區的人口老化、所得不均與科技發展 Population Aging, Income Inequality and Technology Development in Asia and the Pacific
Authors:	馬皓信 Mamun, Muhammad Syukron
Contributors:	蘇昱璇 Su, Yu-Hsuan 馬皓信 Muhammad Syukron Mamun
Keywords:	收入不平等人口老化技術發展庫茲涅茨曲線人力資本廣義動差估計法亞太地區 income inequality population aging technology development the Kuznets curve human capital Generalized Method of Moments Asia and the Pacific
Date:	2024
Issue Date:	2024-08-05 13:29:26 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	降低收入不平等是一項全球重要議題。人口老化在亞洲及太平洋地區快速進展。雖然人口變遷可能加劇收入不平等，但技術發展可能緩解這一問題。因此，本研究探討在2006年至2018年間，人口老化如何在庫茲涅茨曲線假說的框架下，考慮技術發展作為調節因素，影響18個亞太國家的收入不平等。採用廣義動差估計法（GMM），本研究發現人口老化和使用室內電話加劇收入不平等，而使用網路、使用手機和人力資本則減緩收入不平等。實證結果亦確認了庫茲涅茨曲線的存在，顯示隨著收入增長，收入不平等先增加後減少。具體來說，技術發展在長期內顯著調節了人口老化對收入不平等的不利影響。這種人口老化與技術發展之間的互動減少了收入不平等，因為技術發展為年長者提供了經濟機會，並提高了資源分配和社會保護框架的效率。本研究為亞洲及太平洋地區關於收入不平等的討論提供了新的視角，強調在有效解決收入不平等問題時，考慮多樣的社會經濟和技術因素的重要性。 Reducing income inequality is a global priority. Population aging continues to progress at a rapid pace in Asia and the Pacific. While demographic change will likely exacerbate income inequality, technology development can potentially mitigate this issue. Therefore, this study investigates how population aging affects income inequality by considering the role of technology development as a moderator within the framework of the Kuznets curve hypothesis in 18 Asia-Pacific countries from 2006 to 2018. Employing the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimation technique, this study identifies that population aging and fixed telephone usage exacerbate income inequality, while internet usage, mobile usage, and human capital mitigate it. Empirical findings also confirm the existence of the Kuznets curve, indicating an initial increase followed by a subsequent decrease in income inequality as income grows. Specifically, technology development significantly moderates the adverse impacts of population aging on income inequality in the long run. This interaction between population aging and technology development reduces income inequality, as technology development provides economic opportunities for the elderly and improves the efficiency of resource distribution and social protection frameworks. This study contributes new perspectives to the ongoing discussion on income inequality in Asia-Pacific countries, emphasizing the importance of considering diverse socioeconomic and technological factors in effectively addressing income inequality. Implications for policy formulation and future research directions are also discussed.
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Description:	碩士國立政治大學應用經濟與社會發展英語碩士學位學程(IMES) 111266015
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