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Title:	當不穩定的多數遇到公投 —試論同婚公投的弔詭 When the Unstable Majority Meets the Referendum: Exploring the Paradox of Same-sex Marriage Referendum
Authors:	楊婉瑩 Yang, Wan-ying
Contributors:	政治系
Keywords:	同婚;公投;多數決;少數權利;認知能力;顯著性 Same-sex marriage;Referendum;Majority rule;Minority rights;Competence;Salience
Date:	2020-12
Issue Date:	2024-05-24 10:49:18 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	同婚立法的相關研究中，對同婚公投的討論相當有限。本研究以台灣2018年同婚公投本身的特性來解釋其結果，並反思直接民主可能存在的問題。本研究認為，台灣民眾對於同婚的支持與反對，近年來呈現浮動的現象，無法僅由社會經濟文化（教育、世代、宗教）等長期穩定性因素所解釋，必須放置在公投本身的脈絡與實踐限制中來理解。本文以民主基金會2019年民調資料分析，檢視同婚公投兩個層次的弔詭：首先，對公投的認知與態度上，多數民眾覺得選舉相對於公投重要、認為公投議題不易理解、同時主張當多數決與少數權利衝突時應當支持多數決，呈顯出公投直接民主的實際困境。再者，多數人對公投的矛盾認知，正反映了多數反對同婚者的特質。模型分析結果顯示：認為同婚公投較選舉重要且主張保護少數權利者，是最為支持同婚者;然而，持此態度者為相對少數。多數的受訪者，傾向認為選舉較公投重要、多數決價值高於少數權利保護、同婚公投議題不易理解，而這些多數都是傾向反對同婚者。簡言之，同婚公投作為直接民主，不只是公眾意見的表達與彙整，在此過程中，高度政治介入的公投、公投議題的認知理解難度、都可能不對稱地動員或是重新塑造民眾對同婚議題的態度表示。 The extant literature has paid scant attention to the role of referendum in the process of passing the same-sex marriage act. This study focuses on the features of the 2018 referendum, and in so doing, it reflexes the possible constraints of direct democracy in Taiwan. It argues that the mass attitudes towards same-sex-marriage have been fluctuated for the past years, such that it cannot be explained away by the long-term socio-economic factors (education, religion, and generation), rather, to account for the change, it has to be placed within the context of the practices and limits of referendum itself. Analyzing the 2019 survey data conducted by Taiwan Foundation for Democracy finds a two-level paradox of referendum: first, in terms of attitudes towards referendum, the majority of respondents are less engaged in the same-sex referendum than in the local elections, consider themselves to be not competent enough to comprehend referendum issues, and support the majority rule even though it might infringe the minority rights. Secondly, these constraints on referendum are closely linked to the position-taking on the same-sex marriage issue. The models show that respondents who are concerned about the referendum and support of minority rights are the most strongly pro-same-sex marriage people. But they are relative few in the sample. The majority of respondents are less concerned about the same-sex referendum than the elections, support the majority rule more than the minority-rights protection, and are not competent to comprehend the complexity of the issues. People with these features are less likely to support same-sex marriage. In short, the same-sex marriage referendum as a form of direct democracy is not simply about the expression of the public opinions; Rather, in the process, the highly political entanglement, the salience, and the complexity of the referendum all asymmetrically mobilize or reshape the public expressions on the issues.
Relation:	臺灣民主季刊, Vol.17, No.4, pp.105-144
Data Type:	article
Appears in Collections:	[Department of Political Science] Periodical Articles

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