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Title:	東方發展學的源起與環境治理議程: 比較近代中國與日本的臺灣發展經驗 Forging Oriental Development Studies and the Environmental Governance Agenda: Comparison of Development Experience between China and Japan in Modern Times
Authors:	羅頌民 Lo, Sung-Min
Contributors:	林義鈞 Lin,Yi-Jun 羅頌民 Lo, Sung-Min
Keywords:	民國時期日治時期臺灣環境治理生態國家發展學東方 Nanjing National Government the Japanese colonial period Taiwan environmental governance eco-state development studies Orient
Date:	2024
Issue Date:	2024-05-02 10:26:44 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	啟蒙運動和工業革命使得科學化和工業化成為西方國家的發展內容，並讓它們不僅對內形成帝國體制，對外還擁有殖民地，同時產生出現代化的環境治理議程，導致在東方的中國與日本都受到西方的發展觀點等衝擊，因此兩國也開始規劃自己的發展內容與環境治理議程，而這些發展內容與環境治理議程最終都體現在臺灣，形成在近代東方發展學的源起。中國方面，民國剛成立時由於缺乏建設預算，孫中山因此撰寫International Development of China，之後翻譯為《實業計畫》，目的是為了致函給歐美各國政府與大使館，希望能夠給予中國融資，一起開發中國，共享發展果實，此種國家發展政策方向也與環境治理互相呼應，包含了資源管理和汙染管控，例如植林於河流傾斜之地，以防止河流之漂卸土壤；整治江河，以幫助中國河道運輸；以及使用科學之法來改良畜牧，使蒙古草原能取代阿根廷畜牧業的地位等，自然資源的管理不僅幫助中國現代化發展，也呈現出近代中國的環境治理議程，並且移植到臺灣發展經驗中。日本方面，日本於十九世紀末葉取得臺灣之後，發現當地衛生條件十分惡劣，於是日本政府改變開發步驟，率先實施衛生政策，例如建構完整的醫療體系、普及預防流行病的檢疫措施、發展乾淨的自來水設施，以及派遣警察監督衛生等，此路徑舉不僅奠定臺灣發展動能，還形成臺灣現代化基礎，而整段日本發展臺灣的內容均收錄於《臺灣殖民政策》，呈現出近代日本環境治理議程。上述形成本研究的研究問題：東方發展歷程中的中、日兩國發展內容與環境治理議程有何不同之處？本研究將採用生態國家作為研究途徑，初步形成以下論點與發現：近代中國發展內容與環境治理議程主要以吸引外資或國際援助為主，並在國內展開各項水利、工業與港口建設等大規模基礎建設；而近代日本發展內容與環境治理議程則是強調公共衛生，希望先透過發展公共衛生系統與醫療體系，幫助殖民地發展，使得臺灣得以實現財政自主。同時，本研究透過中國與日本的發展觀點之比較，因此建構出近代東方發展學的輪廓。 The Enlightenment and the Industrial Revolution made scientization and industrialization part of the development of Western countries, and allowed them to develop not only an imperial system internally, but also colonies externally, as well as to produce a modern agenda for environmental governance. Consequently, both China and Japan in the East have been impacted by Western perspectives on development. Both countries have begun to plan their own development contents and environmental governance agendas, which have ultimately manifested themselves in Taiwan, forming the origins of development studies in the Oriental. On the Chinese side, due to the lack of a construction budget when the Republic of China was first established, Dr. Sun Yat-sen wrote the International Development of China, in order to send letters to the governments and embassies of Europe and the United States, hoping to provide financing for China, so that they could work together to develop China and share the fruits of development. This national development policy direction also echoes environmental management, including resource management and pollution control, such as planting trees on river slopes to prevent soil from being discharged from the rivers, regulating rivers to aid China’s river transportation, and using scientific methods to improve animal husbandry so that the Mongolian steppe can take the place of Argentinean animal husbandry, and so on. Not only did the management of natural resources contribute to the development of China’s modernization but it also presented modern China’s agenda for environmental management, which has been transplanted into Taiwan’s development experience. On the Japanese side, after Japan acquired Taiwan at the end of the 19th century, it was found that Taiwan’s sanitary conditions were poor. Therefore, the Japanese government changed its developmental steps and took the lead in implementing sanitary policies, such as establishing a complete healthcare system, popularizing anti-epidemiological and quarantine measures, developing clean water facilities, and dispatching police officers to oversee sanitation. This approach laid the foundation not only for Taiwan’s momentum but also for its modernization. Taiwan Colonial Policy contains an entire chapter on Japan’s development of Taiwan, showing the agenda for environmental governance in modern Japan. Accordingly, the research question is as follows: What are the differences between the development content and environmental governance agendas of China and Japan in the Eastern development process? In this study, we adopt the eco-state theory as the research approach and formulate the following preliminary arguments and findings: China’s development content and environmental governance agenda mainly focus on attracting foreign capital or international aid and launching large-scale infrastructure projects such as water conservancy, industry, and port construction within the country; in contrast, Japan’s development content and environmental governance agenda emphasize public health, hoping to help Taiwan achieve financial autonomy through the development of a public health system and a healthcare system. By comparing the developmental perspectives of China and Japan, this study constructs an outline of modern Oriental development.
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Description:	碩士國立政治大學國家發展研究所 110261001
Source URI:	http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0110261001
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Appears in Collections:	[Graduate Institute of Development Studies] Theses

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