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    政大機構典藏 > 理學院 > 心理學系 > 學位論文 >  Item 140.119/150268


    Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/150268


    Title: 以結構和功能性磁振造影研究探討兒童與青少年執行功能及算術能力之腦神經機制
    Investigating Children and Adolescents’ Neural Mechanisms of Executive Functions and Arithmetic Skills Using Structural and Functional MRI Studies
    Authors: 陳心喻
    Chen, Xin-Yu
    Contributors: 張葶葶
    葉俊宏
    Chang, Ting-Ting
    Yeh, Chun-Hung
    陳心喻
    Chen, Xin-Yu
    Keywords: 執行功能
    抑制控制
    工作記憶
    算術
    擴散性磁振造影
    基於纖維束素之分析
    功能性磁振造影
    EF
    inhibition
    working memory
    arithmetic
    dMRI
    FBA
    fMRI
    Date: 2024
    Issue Date: 2024-03-01 14:15:43 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 本研究探討大腦對執行功能和算術提供的結構性和功能性支持，並特別關注執行功能中抑制控制和工作記憶從兒童到青少年時期的發展軌跡。主要目的為填補以往研究中存在的不一致之處，通常源於參與者年齡範圍和研究方法的不同，以及在成年前很少檢驗或報告認知能力、白質結構與算術間的關係在發展中的變化。研究一利用擴散性磁振造影（diffusion magnetic resonance imaging; dMRI），透過對48名兒童（7.07至8.75歲）和34名青少年（12.33至18.89歲）的樣本進行基於纖維束素之分析（fixel-based analysis），以探索白質結構及其與認知功能間的關聯，發現該關聯存在顯著的發展性改變。兒童組的工作記憶和算術流暢性與胼胝體（corpus callosum）以及與運動、注意力和記憶功能相關的纖維束結構特性相關，顯示白質結構在早期發展中有著獨特的發展模式，可能源於神經纖維的優化及效率化。研究二利用功能性磁振造影（functional magnetic resonance imaging; fMRI）檢驗執行功能與算術問題解決的神經基礎之間的關聯，包含40名兒童（7.04至8.85歲）和27名青少年（12.33至18.89歲）。本研究發現在兒童與青少年中，各有獨特的大腦活化模式與不同執行功能成分相關。我們觀察到在進行簡單算術作業時，抑制能力越好的兒童與抑制能力越差的青少年，在左側腹外側前額葉皮層（ventrolateral prefrontal cortex）的活化越強；工作記憶較好的青少年則在與語言處理和記憶相關的顳葉區（temporal area）出現更強的活化，兒童的大腦活化與工作記憶之間則缺乏相關性。本研究強調了在探索執行功能和算術問題解決的神經相關性時考慮發展階段的重要性，從兒童到青少年，大腦的結構及功能經歷明顯變化，影響對認知能力的支持和執行。未來教育者應根據發展階段制定合宜的策略和干預措施，以促進學習和認知成長。本研究為未來的研究奠定了基礎，以進一步揭示大腦發展及認知功能之間的複雜關係。
    This thesis investigates the structural and functional support the brain offers for executive functions (EFs) and arithmetic, focusing specifically on inhibition and working memory and their developmental trajectory from childhood through adolescence. The primary aim is to rectify gaps and inconsistencies prevalent in prior studies, often stemming from variations in participants' age ranges and research methodologies, and the infrequent examination or reporting of developmental changes in the link between cognitive abilities, white matter structure, along with arithmetic prior to adulthood. In Study 1, a sample comprising 48 children (aged 7.07 to 8.75 years) and 34 adolescents (aged 12.33 to 18.89 years) was examined using fixel-based analysis (FBA) on diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) data to explore white matter structure, and its connections to EFs. The findings revealed significant developmental alterations in white matter structure and its association with cognitive abilities. Notably, working memory and arithmetic fluency correlated with the micro- and macrostructure of the corpus callosum (CC) and fiber bundles associated with motor, attention, and memory functions in children, indicating a distinct developmental pattern in white matter tracts and increased neural efficiency, potentially due to synaptic pruning and myelination, during early development. Study 2 utilized functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to explore the associations between EFs and the neural basis of arithmetic problem solving across different age groups, including 40 children (aged 7.04 to 8.85 years) and 27 adolescents (aged 12.33 to 18.89 years). This study identified unique brain activation patterns associated with EF components that varied markedly across developmental stages. In children, we observed a positive correlation between inhibition ability and task-related activation in the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC), while a different pattern was observed among adolescents. Additionally, adolescents with stronger working memory exhibited increased activations in areas linked to language and memory, indicating a more efficient arithmetic problem solving approach, likely through retrieval strategies. However, the absence of correlation between task-related brain activations and working memory in children points to potential developmental differences or other contributing factors. These findings emphasize the significance of taking into account developmental stages when exploring the neural correlates of EFs and arithmetic problem solving. The current thesis demonstrates that both the structural and functional aspects of the brain undergo significant changes from childhood to adolescence, affecting the support and execution of cognitive abilities. This information is vital for educators and psychologists, highlighting the need for age-appropriate strategies and interventions aligned with young people's developmental stages to foster learning and cognitive growth. Additionally, this research lays a foundation for future studies to further unravel the intricate relationship between brain development, cognitive functions, and educational outcomes.
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    國立政治大學
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    110752010
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