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    題名: 美國與歐盟之印太戰略比較分析研究
    A comparative analysis of the United States of America’s and European Union’s Indo-Pacific strategies
    作者: 彭育涵
    Peng, Yu-Han
    貢獻者: 蘇卓馨
    Su, Cho-Hsin
    彭育涵
    Peng, Yu-Han
    關鍵詞: 印太戰略
    國際安全
    美中歐關係
    新古典現實主義
    Indo-Pacific strategy
    International security
    US-China-EU relations
    neoclassical realism
    日期: 2024
    上傳時間: 2024-03-01 13:46:46 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 本文旨在透過比較美國與歐盟的印太戰略，探討美國與歐盟對於印太地區和平與穩定的願景背後，雙方在政策上存在哪些差異？並透過新古典現實主義的跨層次分析途徑，從國際體系、決策菁英認知和內部政治的角度，剖析造成美國與歐盟政策差異的因素。隨著中國崛起，以及複雜的政治與經濟交織而成的地緣政治變動，使印太地區成為強權角力的舞台，不只促使區域內國家相繼提出印太戰略加以因應，連非屬區域內國家的歐盟也提出戰略，期許在印太地區發揮統一的影響力。儘管面對同樣的國際環境，美國與歐盟的印太戰略方向和實踐卻存在差異，凸顯當前主流的結構現實主義在外交政策上的描述力尚有不足，因此，新古典現實主義強調的國內層次成為理解美歐政策差異的必要途徑。於此，本文除了探究體系層面的影響因素，也將剖析美歐決策者的理念因素、戰略文化、國家-社會關係與國內制度，深入探討從體系到內部政治的壓力對美歐領導人的決策限制。
    This thesis aims to explore the differences of the Indo-Pacific strategy between the United States and the European Union (EU). Despite sharing visions for peace and stability in the Indo-Pacific region, this thesis uncovers the policy disparities between the two sides. Through a cross-level analysis approach rooted in neoclassical realism, the study examines factors from the perspectives of the international system, perceptions of policymakers, and domestic politics, thus contributing to the differences in policies and practices between the United States and the EU.
    As China rises and geopolitical shifts occur due to complex political and economic entanglements, the Indo-Pacific region has become a stage for great power competition. This has not only prompted regional countries to formulate Indo-Pacific strategies but has also led the EU, a non-regional actor, to propose its own strategic approach, aspiring to exert coordinated influence in the Indo-Pacific region.
    Despite facing the same international environment, the United States and the EU exhibit differences in their Indo-Pacific strategic directions and practices. This highlights the inadequacies of current mainstream structural realism in describing their foreign policies. Therefore, an analysis of domestic levels, as emphasized by neoclassical realism, is a necessary approach to understanding the policy variations between the United States and EU. In addition to exploring systemic-level influencing factors, this thesis will delve into the ideological factors of decision-makers, strategic culture, state-society relations, and domestic institutions, providing an in-depth examination of how systemic and domestic pressures can impose constraints on decision-makers in the United States and the EU.
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    Mei Fei Jyun Yan Guei Mo Kong Chian Siao Ma Ke Sih Duei Hua Jheng Tse Tiao Jheng Fang Siang Sian Lu.” [U.S.-Philippines military drills on an unprecedented scale reveal Marcos’ adjustment direction in China policy]. BBC Chinese (April 21).

    BBC，2023，〈環太平洋軍演2022：美國公布26參與國名單 不包括台灣〉，https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/world-61671449，6月3日。BBC. 2023. “Huan Tai Ping Yang Jyun Yan 2022： Mei Guo Gong Bu 26 Tsan Yu Guo Ming Dan Bu Bao Kuo Tai Wan.” [RIMPAC 2022: The United States announces the list of 26 participating countries, excluding Taiwan]. BBC Chinese (June 3).
    BBC，2021，〈Quad四方安全對話：美、澳、印、日領導人舉行會談 聚焦台灣、半導體供應鏈和疫苗分配〉，https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/world-58647912，9月23日。BBC. 2021. “Quad Sih Fang An Chyuan Duei Hua ： Mei , Ao, Yin, Rih Ling Dao Ren Jyu Sing Huei Tan Jyu Jiao Tai Wan, Ban Dao Ti Gong Ying Lian Han Yi Miao Fen Pei.” [Quad Quad Security Dialogue: Leaders of the United States, Australia, India and Japan hold talks to focus on Taiwan, semiconductor supply chain and vaccine distribution]. BBC Chinese (September 23).

    (四)網路資料、智庫文章、國家政策文件
    陳亮智、陳鴻鈞、鍾志東，2018，〈美國的「印太戰略」〉，https://indsr.org.tw/uploads/indsr/files/202206/c3670667-d5e8-45dc-830a-4c6208bad73b.pdf，查閱時間:2023/07/05。 Chen Liang Zhi , Chen Hong Jun , Zhong Zhi Dong. 2018. “Mei guo de [yin tai zhan lue ]”. [The U.S. indo-pacific strategy]. (Accessed on July 5, 2023).

    鍾志東、陳亮智，2019，〈美國在印太地區的政策作為〉，https://indsr.org.tw/uploads/Download/2019%E5%8D%B0%E5%A4%AA%E5%8D%80%E5%9F%9F%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E6%83%85%E5%8B%A2%E8%A9%95%E4%BC%B0%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A.pdf，查閱時間:2023/07/13。Zhong Zhi Dong, Chen Liang Zhi. 2019. “Mei Guo Zai Yin Tai Di Chyu De Jheng Tse Zuo Wei.” [U.S. policy in the Indo-Pacific region]. (Accessed on July 13, 2023).

    林正義，2022，〈美國「太平洋嚇阻倡議」及其方向〉，https://www.pf.org.tw/en/pfen/34-8118.html，查閱時間:2023/09/05。Lin, Cheng-yi. 2022. “Mei Guo Tai Ping Yang He Zu Chang Yi Ji Chi Fang Siang.” [The U.S. Pacific Deterrence Initiative and its Direction]. (Accessed on September 5, 2023).

    林正義，2010，〈美國重返東亞的意義〉，http://www.taiwansig.tw/index.php/%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/%E5%85%A9%E5%B2%B8%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B/3103-%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E9%87%8D%E8%BF%94%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%84%8F%E7%BE%A9，查閱時間:2023/11/02。Lin, Cheng-yi. 2010. “Mei Guo Chong Fan Dong Ya De Yi Yi.” [The significance of America’s return to East Asia]. (Accessed on November 5, 2023).

    楊一逵，2023，〈簡評「印太海域意識夥伴關係」之安全意涵〉，https://indsr.org.tw/focus?uid=11&pid=353&typeid=32，查閱時間:2023/08/09。Yang, I-Kwei. 2022. “Jian Ping Yin Tai Hai Yu Yi Shih Huo Ban Guan Si Jhih An Chyuan Yi Han.” [A brief comment on the security implications of the "Indo-Pacific Maritime Awareness Partnership]. (Accessed on August 9, 2023)

    李俊毅，2021，〈歐盟與歐洲主要國家的印太交往〉，https://indsr.org.tw/uploads/indsr/files/202204/9fb38e37-c2bc-4a6f-b444-90a046dde6a6.pdf，查閱時間:2023/04/09。Lee Jyun-yi. 2021. “Ou Mong Yu Ou Jhou Jhu Yao Guo Jia De Yin Tai Jiao Wang.” [Indo-Pacific exchanges between the EU and major European countries]. (Accessed on July 9, 2023).

    吳安琪，2021，〈美國印太戰略最新發展〉，https://web.wtocenter.org.tw/mobile/page?pid=364161&nid=15483，查閱時間:2023/02/04。Wu, An-Chi. 2021. “Mei Guo Yin Tai Jhan Lyueh Zuei Sin Fa Jhan.” [Latest developments of the U.S. Indo-Pacific strategy]. (Accessed on February 4, 2023).

    楊志恆，2023，〈美日韓「大衛營峰會」提升同盟合作志全新水平〉，https://www.pf.org.tw/tw/pfch/12-10301.html，查閱時間: 2023/04/15。Yang, Chih-Heng. 2023. “Mei Rih Han Da Wei Ying Fong Huei Ti Sheng Tong Mong He Zuo Jhih Chyuan Sin Shuei Ping.” [The "Camp David Summit" between the United States, Japan and South Korea takes alliance cooperation to a new level]. (Accessed on April 15, 2023).

    蔡明彥，2021，〈歐洲對中國政策的轉變〉，http://www.taiwansig.tw/index.php/%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/%E5%85%A9%E5%B2%B8%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B/8813-%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E5%B0%8D%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96%E7%9A%84%E8%BD%89%E8%AE%8A，查閱時間: 2023/03/09。Tsai, Ming-Yen. 2021. “Ou Jhou Duei Jhong Guo Jheng Tse De Jhuan Bian.” [Changes in European policy towards China]. (Accessed on March 09, 2023).

    許智翔，2021，〈歐盟宣布印太戰略公報〉，https://indsr.org.tw/respublicationcon?uid=12&resid=829&pid=1454，查閱時間: 2023/05/06。Hsu, Chih-Hsiang. 2021. “Ou Mong Syuan Bu Yin Tai Jhan Lyueh Gong Bao.” [EU announces Indo-Pacific strategic communiqué]. (Accessed on May 06, 2023).

    英文部分
    (一)專書
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    Calleo, David P. 2003. Rethinking Europe’s Future. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

    Campbell, Kurt M. 2016. The Pivot: the future of American statecraft in Asia. New York: Twelve.

    Coole, Diana, and Samantha Forst. 2010. “Introducing the New Materialism.” In Diana Coole and Samantha Forst, eds., New Materialism: Ontology, Agency, and Politics, pp. 1-43. Durham, England: Duke University Press.

    Dueck, Colin. 2006. Reluctant Crusaders: Power, Culture, and Change in American Grand Strategy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

    Hooghe, Liesbet, Gary Marks. 2001. Multi-Level Governance and European Integration. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.

    Hyde-Price, Adrian. 2012. “Neorealism: A Structural Approach to CSDP.” In eds., In Xymena Kurowska and Fabian Breuer, eds., Explaining the EU’s Common Security and Defence Policy, pp. 16-40. Hampshire, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Kratiuk, Barbara, Jeroen Van den Bosch, Aleksandra Jaskólska, Yoichiro Sato. 2023. Handbook of Indo-Pacific Studies. London, UK: Routledge India.

    Kupchan, Charles A. 1996. The Vulnerability of Empire. Mishawaka, Indiana: Cornell University Press.

    Muller, Henriette, Ingeborg Tommel. 2022. Women and Leadership in the European Union. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Reichwein, Alex.2015. ”Realism and European Foreign Policy: Promises and Shortcomings.”In Knud Erik Jorgensen, Aasne Kalland Aarstad, Edith Drieskens, Katie Laatikainen and Ben Tonra, eds., The SAGE Handbook of European Foreign Policy, pp.99-114. Croydon, UK: SAGE Publications.

    Ripsman, Norrin M., Jeffrey W. Taliaferro, and Steven E. Lobell. 2016. Neoclassical Realist Theory of International Politics. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

    Steible, Bettina. 2022. “Emmanuel Macron: The Return of France as a Driving Force for European Integration?” In Troitiño, David Ramiro, Ricardo Martín de la Guardia, Guillermo A. Pérez Sánchez, eds, The European Union and its Political Leaders, pp. 279-294. Springer.

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    (二)期刊論文
    Arimoto, Mayu, Armstrong-Scott, Gabrielle, Faaborg-Andersen, Sophie, Hanson, Nicholas, and Li, Chris. 2023. “Elements of the U.S. Indo Pacific Strategy.” Asia Pacific Initiative, Havard Kennedy School Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, 1-48.

    Biden, Joseph R. 2020. “Why America must lead again. Rescuing U.S. Foreign Policy After Trump.” Foereign Affairs, March/April 2020.

    Byman, Daniel L., Kenneth M. Pollack. 2001. “Let Us Now Praise Great Men: Bringing the Statesman Back in,” International Security, 25 (4): 107-146.

    Casarini, Nicola. 2022. “A European strategic “third way?” The European Union between the traditional transatlantic alliance and the pull of the Chinese market.” China International Strategy Review, (4): 91-107.

    Chen, Xuechen, Xinchuchu Gao. 2020. “Bridging the Capability-Expectations Gap? An Analysis of the New Dynamics in the EU’s Security Strategy Towards Asia.” Asia-Pacific Journal of EU Studies, 18(3): 9-36.

    Cox, Michael. 2012. “Power Shifts, Economic Change and the Decline of the West?” International Relations, 26(4): 369-388.

    David Scott. 2018. “The Indo-Pacific in US Strategy: Responding to Power Shifts.” Rising Power Quarterly, 3 (2): 19-43.

    Denisov, Igor, Oleg Paramonov, Ekaterina Arapova, and Ivan Safranchuk. “Russia, China, and the concept of Indo-Pacific.” Journal of Eurasian Studies, 12 (1): 72-85.

    He, Kai, Mingjiang. 2020. “Understanding the dynamics of the Indo-Pacific: US–China strategic competition, regional actors, and beyond.” International Affairs, 96 (1): 1-7.

    Huynh, Tam-Sang. 2021. “Bolstering middle power standing: South Korea's response to U.S. Indo-Pacific strategy from Trump to Biden.” The Pacific Review, 36 (1): 32-60.

    Jung, Sung Chul, Jaehyon Lee, Ji-Yong Lee. 2020. “The Indo-Pacific Strategy and US Alliance Network Expandability: Asian Middle Powers’ Positions on Sino-US Geostrategic Competition in Indo-Pacific Region.” Journal of Contemporary China. 30 (127): 53-68.

    Kanat, Kiliç Buğra. 2018. “Transatlantic Relations in the Age of Donald Trump.” Insight Turkey, 20(3): 77-88.

    Kitchen, Nicholas. 2010. “Systemic pressures and domestic ideas: a neoclassical realist model of grand strategy formation.” Review of International Studies, 36 (1): 117-143.

    Kuik, Cheng Chwee. 2008. “The essence of hedging: Malaysia and Singapore's response to a rising China.” Contemporary Southeast Asia, 30 (2): 163-171.
    Manners, Ian. 2002. “Normative Power Europe: A Contradiction in Terms?” Journal of Common Market Studies, 40 (2): 235-258.

    Odgaard, Liselotte. 2019. “European Engagement in the Indo-Pacific: The Interplay between Institutional and State-Level Naval Diplomacy.” Asia Policy, 14 (4): 129-160.

    Olsen, Gorm Rye. 2022. “’America is Back’ or ‘America First”’and the Transatlantic Relationship.” Politics and Governance, 10(2): 154-164.

    Randall L. Schweller. 1994. “Bandwagoning for Profit: Bringing the Revisionist State Back In,” International Security, 19 (1): 106~107.

    Ripsman, Norrin M. 2007. “Peacemaking and Democratic Peace Theory: Public Opinion as an Obstacle to Peace in Post-Conflict Situation.” Democracy and Security, 3(1): 369-388.

    Rose, Gideon. 1998. “Neoclassical Realism and Theories of Foreign Policy.” World Politics, 51(1): 144-172.

    Satake, Tomohiko. 2019. “Japan’s “Free and Open Indo-Pacific Strategy” and Its Implication for Asean.” Southeast Asian Affairs, (2019): 69-82.

    Schweller, Randall L. 2004. “Unanswered Threats: A Neoclassical Realist Theory of Underbalancing.” International Security, 29 (2): 162-164.

    Silove, Nina. 2016. “The Pivot before the Pivot: U.S. Strategy to Preserve the Power Balance in Asia.” International Security, 40(4): 45-88.

    Smith, Nicholas Ross. 2015. “The EU under a realist scope: Employing a neoclassical realist framework for the analysis of the EU’s Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement offer to Ukraine.” International Relations, 30 (1): 29-38.

    Sterling-Folker, Jennifer. 1997. “Realist Environment, Liberal Process, and Domestic-Level Variables.” International Studies Quarterly, 41(1): 1-25

    (三)研討會論文
    Tull, Denis M. 2008. “China in Africa: European Perceptions and Responses to the Chinese Challenge.” SAIS working papers in African Studies, The John Hopkins University, Washington DC.




    (四)新聞媒體
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    Caulcutt. 2023. “Macron condemns ‘new imperialism’ in the Indo-Pacific amid growing Chinese influence.” https://www.politico.eu/article/france-president-emmanuel-macron-condemn-new-imperialisms-pacific-china-influence/(July 27, 2023).
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    Euractiv. 2005. “Bush´s Trip to Europe 2005 – The Ball is in Europe´s Court.” https://www.euractiv.com/section/enlargement/opinion/bush-s-trip-to-europe-2005-the-ball-is-in-europe-s-court/(March 1, 2005).

    Keen and Mandell. 2023. “The US–Pacific Islands Partnership, one year on.” https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/us-pacific-islands-partnership-one-year(October 13, 2023).

    Lau. 2023. “Send warships to Taiwan Strait, Borrell urges EU governments.” https://www.politico.eu/article/china-joseb-taiwan-borrell-eu-warships-to-patrol-strait/(October 1, 2023).

    Mahadzir. 2023. “Charles de Gaulle Carrier Strike Group Operating in Indian Ocean, Deploys Fighters to Singapore.” https://news.usni.org/2023/01/18/charles-de-gaulle-carrier-strike-group-operating-in-indian-ocean-deploys-fighters-to-singapore(September 13, 2023).

    Maitem. 2023. “French Destroyer Presence in South China Sea Shows France’ Support For Liberty Of Navigation.” https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2023/06/french-destroyer-presence-in-south-china-sea-shows-france-support-for-liberty-of-navigation/(September 26, 2023).

    Myre, Greg. 2020. “Biden's Worldview Calls For U.S. To Be Center Stage In Global Affairs.” https://www.npr.org/2020/11/10/932540813/bidens-worldview-calls-for-u-s-to-be-center-stage-in-global-affairs(November 10, 2020).

    Taipei Times. 2022. “US rejects China’s claims over Strait.” https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2022/06/20/2003780184 (July 13, 2023).

    The Economist. 2022. “Will China’s economy ever overtake America’s?” https://www.economist.com/the-economist-explains/2022/09/06/will-chinas-economy-ever-overtake-americas (March 2, 2023).
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    Vavasseur. 2019. “French Navy CSG Ends Indo-Pacific Mission.” https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2019/07/french-navy-csg-ends-indo-pacific-mission/(September 27, 2023).

    (四)網路資料、國家政策文件、智庫文章
    Bergsen, Pepijn, Antony Froggatt, Veerle Nouwens, and Raffaello Pantucci. 2022. “China and the transatlantic relationship: Obstacles to deeper European–US cooperation.” Briefing Paper, Royal Institute of International Affairs. https://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/default/files/2022-06/2022-06-16-china-transatlantic-relationship-bergsen-et-al_0.pdf. (November 14, 2023).

    Borrell, Josep. 2021. “A Strategic Compass for Europe.” https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/eu-strategic-compass-by-josep-borrell-2021-11?barrier=accesspaylog. (November 14, 2023).

    Bush, Richard C. 2011. “The United States and China: A G-2 in the Making?” Brookings. https://www.brookings.edu/articles/the-united-states-and-china-a-g-2-in-the-making/(November 13, 2023).

    Chinnis, Christopher S., Hannah Miller 2023. “ The role of congress in U.S.-China relations.” Carnegie Endowment For International Peace. https://carnegieendowment.org/2023/11/15/role-of-congress-in-u.s.-china-relations-pub-91012(November 30, 2023).

    Commander U.S. 7th Fleet. 2023. https://www.c7f.navy.mil/Media/News/?Page=2(September 4, 2023).

    Commission of the European Communities. 2001. “Europe and Asia: A Strategic Framework for Enhanced Partnerships.” https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2001:0469:FIN:EN:PDF. (September 5, 2023).

    Congressional Research Service. 2020. “U.S. Role in the World: Background and Issues for Congress.” https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R44891/47(November 20, 2023)

    Council of the European Union. 2003. “European Security Strategy.” https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-15895-2003-INIT/en/pdf. (June 5, 2023).

    Esteban, Mario, Ugo Armanini. 2021. “European Indo-Pacific strategies: convergent thinking and shared limitations.” https://media.realinstitutoelcano.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/ari30-2021-esteban-armanini-european-indo-pacific-strategies-convergent-thinking-and-shared-limitations.pdf (April 28, 2023).

    EUR-Lex. 2023. “Crisis management – framework for participation agreements.” https://eur-lex.europa.eu/EN/legal-content/summary/crisis-management-framework-for-participation-agreements.html(October 20, 2023).

    EUR-Lex. 2023. “European security and defence identity.” https://eur-lex.europa.eu/EN/legal-content/glossary/european-security-and-defence-identity.html(October 28, 2023).

    European Comission 2021. “Joint Communication on the Indo-Pacific.” https://www.eeas.europa.eu/eeas/joint-communication-indo-pacific_en (March 23, 2023).

    European Commission. 2016. “Shared Vision, Common Action: A Stronger Europe.” https://www.eeas.europa.eu/sites/default/files/eugs_review_web_0.pdf(September 17, 2023).

    European Commission. 2018. “Connecting Europe and Asia - Building blocks for an EU Strategy.” https://www.eeas.europa.eu/sites/default/files/joint_communication_-_connecting_europe_and_asia_-_building_blocks_for_an_eu_strategy_2018-09-19.pdf(September 15, 2023).

    European Commission. 2019. “EU-China Strategic Outlook 2019” https://commission.europa.eu/publications/eu-china-strategic-outlook-commission-and-hrvp-contribution-european-council-21-22-march-2019_en (February 5, 2023).

    European Commission. 2023. “EU, trade in goods with China.” https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/isdb_results/factsheets/country/details_china_en.pdf(September 8, 2023).

    European Parliament. 2023. “PLENARY INSIGHTS Public opinion at a glance.” https://www.europarl.europa.eu/at-your-service/files/be-heard/eurobarometer/2023/en-plenary-insights-july-2023.pdf (June 9, 2023).

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    European Union External Action. 2021. “The EU approach to the Indo-Pacific.” https://www.eeas.europa.eu/eeas/eu-approach-indo-pacific_en (November 11, 2023).

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    European Union External Action. 2023. “US: first ever joint naval exercise conducted between the EU and U.S.” https://www.eeas.europa.eu/eeas/us-first-ever-joint-naval-exercise-conducted-between-eu-and-us_en(October 18, 2023).
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    Frédéric Grare. 2021. “The EU’s Indo-Pacific strategy: A chance for a clear message to China and Europe’s allies.” https://ecfr.eu/article/the-eus-indo-pacific-strategy-a-chance-for-a-clear-message-to-china-and-europes-allies/?fbclid=IwAR3xhACZ874qsDkDsUPDMDKcfzyxfvzYMjIqgnWhY6tMNzkxIE7WDpCEIaM. (March 27, 2023).

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    描述: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    外交學系
    109862001
    資料來源: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0109862001
    資料類型: thesis
    顯示於類別:[外交學系] 學位論文

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