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| Title: | 淺析我國電子簽章法實施之現況與困境－以電子簽章之定義為核心
Analyzing the Current Status and Challenges of the Implementation of Electronic Signature Law in Taiwan – With a Focus on the Definition of Electronic Signatures |
| Authors: | 朱韻婷
CHU, YUN TING |
| Contributors: | 臧正運
杜宏毅
朱韻婷
YUN TING CHU |
| Keywords: | 電子簽章法
電子簽章
排除條款
Electronic Signature Law
Electronic Signature
Exclusion Clauses |
| Date: | 2023 |
| Issue Date: | 2024-02-01 11:31:47 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 我國電子簽章法自2001年制定以來，迄今已逾22年就再也沒有異動過。不同於有些法規就算施行了近一個世紀（例如民法的第6條：「人之權利能力，始於出生，終於死亡」自1929年來就未曾變更過），其內容不變動，通常也不易造成適用上的困難；反之，因為電子簽章法係因應科學技術而生的性質使然，若電子簽章法不與時俱進，在目前條款僅停留在詳細介紹22年前所規定的數位簽章技術及其適用方式，卻未提供具體條款協助釐清現行技術是否符合電子簽章要件的情況下，將難以達成其立法目中促進電子商務發展的目的。據此，的確有全面性檢視該電子簽章法條內容是否合時宜的需求，特別是電子簽章法長期以來便有電子簽章定義不明的困境，除了本來民間就分不清電子簽章和電子簽名的相異處何在外，也讓民眾對於電子簽章是否具有如同我國民法手寫簽名般的法律效力，心存懷疑，遑論推廣電子簽章的適用而無法達到電子簽章法推動電子交易之普及運用的立法目的。是故，本文將從簽名的效力出發，探討電子簽章法定義面之議題，並提出淺見及建議。
再者，電子簽章法不僅年久失修，行政機關更仿若將其棄如敝屣、甚而其為洪水猛獸，紛紛藉由電子簽章中的排除適用條款拒絕開放己身業務適用電子簽章。不論動機或基於了解不足甚或恐懼，起源恐怕皆從無知而起，也就是回歸到因為電子簽章定義不明，造成行政機關無法確認其使用電子簽章之行為是否適法、而使行政機關心生疑惑而無所適從的情況。是故，本文建議除借鏡歐盟的法規明文規定行政機關不得因為簽名為電子形式而排除適用外，另可參考歐盟法規制定電子簽章及其提服務供者之分類標準、確立各電子簽章類別的法律效力及風險高低，以供使用者選擇。當適用電子簽章的要件清晰且法律效果透明時，自然而然使用者就會變多，並能促成電子交易的效率並使其蓬勃發展，最終達成確保電子交易之安全，促進電子化政府及電子商務的立法目的，且達成政府發展數位轉型的願景。
The Electronic Signature Law in Taiwan has remained unchanged for over 22 years since its enactment in 2001. Unlike some regulations that, even after a century of enforcement (such as Article 6 of the Civil Code, the legal capacity of a person commences from the moment of live birth and terminates at death) have not undergone any modifications and usually do not pose application difficulties. On the other hand, the current legislation, primarily focused on digital signatures defined two decades ago, lacks clarity on whether it accommodates advancements in electronic signature technologies. Failing to address this hinders the legislative goal of fostering e-commerce.
Hence, there is a crucial need to review and update the Electronic Signature Law, especially the Law has long grappled with the ambiguity in defining electronic signatures. The ambiguity not only confuses individuals in distinguishing electronic signatures from digital signatures but also raises doubts about their legal validity compared to handwritten signatures. This uncertainty impedes widespread adoption and contradicts the legislative aim of promoting electronic signatures in transactions. Therefore, examines the issues related to the definition of electronic signatures, starting from the effectiveness of signatures, and proposes insights and recommendations.
Furthermore, the Electronic Signature Act, aside from being outdated, is seemingly disregarded by government agencies, many of which, perhaps due to ignorance or fear stemming from a lack of understanding, invoke exclusion clauses within the electronic signature provisions to resist applying electronic signatures in their operations. To address this, adopting provisions similar to EU regulations that explicitly prohibit agencies from excluding electronic signatures and utilizing EU's classification standards for electronic signatures can clarify their legal efficacy and risk levels. Clear criteria for electronic signature application would enhance user confidence, efficiency in transactions, and contribute to the secure digital transformation of government and e-commerce. |
| Reference: | 中文資料
一、 書籍
1. 連子清、杜宏毅，身分識別之書，臺灣網路認證股份有限公司，2022 年。
二、 研究報告
1. 臺灣集中保管結算所專題研究計畫，多元之數位身分驗證（含電子簽章）研究案期末研究報告，2022年9月。
三、 網路資料
1. 台中榮民總醫院（9/12/2018），台中榮民總醫院推動同意書簽署數位化問卷調查分析報告（民眾），https://www.vghtc.gov.tw/UnitPage/UnitContentView?WebMenuID=456668f5-a1ba-430e-8234-12e7d01feb0a&UnitID=b85eb750-2254-452f-9825-b791e1330512&UnitDefaultTemplate=1
2. 衛生福利部（2020），防疫補償申請【受隔離或檢疫者】線上申請系統，https://swis.mohw.gov.tw/covidweb/home/apply_step.jsp
3. 數位發展部（10/16/2023），數位發展部數位產業署「各機關排除適用電子簽章法項目之公告」，https://moda.gov.tw/ADI/services/laws%26regulations/bulletin/5801
4. 金管會（3/30/2023），金管會擔任具金融投資或支付性質之虛擬資產平台主管機關之推動規劃，https://www.fsc.gov.tw/ch/home.jsp?id=2&parentpath=0&mcustomize=news_view.jsp&dataserno=202303300001&dtable=News
5. 數位發展部（12/19/2022），數位部函釋電子簽章技術促進數位經濟發展，https://moda.gov.tw/ADI/news/latest-news/3479
6. 中央社（10/2/2023），個資保護委員會籌備處預計2024年1月掛牌， https://www.cna.com.tw/news/afe/202310020213.aspx
7. 立法院，立法院全球資訊網法案查詢，https://www.ly.gov.tw/Pages/Search.aspx?nodeid=107&sid=0
一、 其他
1. 立法院第四屆第二會期科技及資訊、經濟及能源、司法三委員會舉行「電子簽章法與電子商務立法問題」公聽會紀錄，1999年12月。
2. 立法院公報第90卷38期3172號，2000年5月23日。
3. 立法院第四屆第五會期第十七次會議議案關係文書，2001年5月。
4. 金融科技發展路徑圖(2.0)，2023 年 8 月 15 日。
英文資料
一、 網路資料
1. Apple Developer (2023), Payment token format reference Verify an Apple Pay payment token and validate a transaction, https://developer.apple.com/documentation/passkit/apple_pay/payment_token_format_reference
2. tsme® (1/16/2018), itsme® is officially recognized by the Belgian government, https://www.itsme-id.com/en-BE/blog/new-partnership-egov
3. itsme® (21/2/2019, From today onwards attach a legally binding signature to any document with your smartphone,
https://www.itsme-id.com/en-BE/blog/itsme-sign
4. itsme® (4/6/2023), itsme® figures for 2022,
https://www.itsme-id.com/en-BE/blog/numbers2022
5. BankID, BankID and Swedish e-ID,
https://www.bankid.com/en/juridik-och-regelverk
6. BankID, About BankID,
https://www.bankid.com/en/privat/om-bankid
7. BankID (10/14/2020), BankID receives the quality mark Swedish e-ID,
https://www.bankid.com/en/om-oss/nyheter/bankid-godkand-for-kvalitetsmarket-svensk-e-legitimation
二、 國際組織及官方文件
1. Public-Key Infrastructure, Public-Key Infrastructure (X.509) (pkix), https://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/pkix/about/
2. European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations（ETSI）, About ETSI,
https://www.etsi.org/about
3. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) (1/112022), About NIST,
https://www.nist.gov/about-nist
4. International Organization for Standardization (ISO), About Us, https://www.iso.org/about-us.html |
| Description: | 碩士
國立政治大學
國際金融碩士學位學程
111zb1019 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111ZB1019 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| Appears in Collections: | [國際金融碩士學位學程] 學位論文
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