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    題名: 從中國大陸治港政策的實施論香港人自我認同之變化
    How has China’s Hong Kong Policy influenced Hong Kongers’identification?
    作者: 顏呈祐
    Yen, Cheng-Yu
    貢獻者: 蔡中民
    顏呈祐
    Yen, Cheng-Yu
    關鍵詞: 香港
    本土主義
    認同
    北京當局
    Hong Kong
    Localism
    Recognition
    Chinese Government
    日期: 2023
    上傳時間: 2024-02-01 11:15:05 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 2019年的反修例運動事件,表面上是為了撤回《逃犯條例》的修改以保障香港人的言論自由與行動自由的事件,實際上,卻同時隱含了「中港矛盾」之間的問題。
    這個矛盾,從《香港民意研究所》當中的認同問題方面,就可以發現。根據《香港民意研究所》的統計,在2008年6月的時候,香港人的中國人認同達到38.6%,相較之下,在當時,香港人認同卻只有18.1%,然而,到了10年後的2018年6月,香港認為自己使中國人的認同下跌到17.8%,反觀香港人認同上升到了40.7%。
    為何會有如此的改變?早在2003年反對23條立法的七一遊行的時候,就已經可以看到了香港人和北京當局之間的矛盾。對於香港人來說,自由民主以及維持港英政府的生活方式是他們的基本價值,然而,對於北京當局來說,卻是要避免香港變成「顛覆中央」的基地,尤其在1989年六四事件之後,由於香港人強力的聲援,也讓北京當局對於政權會因為香港而被顛覆的擔憂上升。如此的矛盾,變成了北京當局與香港人之間的矛盾的根源。而這個矛盾又是如何進一步發展成本土認同?就是本研究需要進行觀察的部分,觀察北京當局對於香港的政策如何影響香港人的認同轉變。
    本研究從歷史分析、個案分析以及關鍵字分析這三個分析當中,瞭解了香港人對於北京當局的態度背景,北京當局對於香港的政策對香港人認同的影響以及香港人的認同轉變之後,會有什麼不同的反應,藉此了解香港人在回歸後到現在的認同如何從「建設民主中華」逐漸轉向「本土認同」,以及轉向本土認同之後,對於各種不同事件的反應變化。
    In the surface, the protest in Hong Kong between 2019 and 2020 is protest to the revise of Fugitive Offenders and Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters Legislation Amendment Bill because it will influence the freedom speech and the freedom of movement. However, it also featured the problem about the complex between Beijing Administration (Chinese Government) and Hong Kong.
    This method also features in the opinion polls. According to the opinion polls by Hong Kong Public Opinion Research Institute (HKPORI), in June 2008, Chinese Recognition in Hong Kong was 38.6%, Hongkonger Recognition in Hong Kong was only 18.1%, however, in 10 years later, June 2018, Chinese recognition decreased to 17.8%, Hongkonger recognition increased to 40.2%.
    Why did the recognition in Hong Kong had this tremendous change? It seems to come from the complex between Chinese Government and Hongkongers. In fact, in the protest about the legislation of Basic Law Article 23, the complex had appeared. To Hongkongers, liberty and democracy are the fundamental value to them, furthermore, they also want to sustain the way of life in British rule. To Chinese Government, they fear about Hong Kong become the basis of overthrow them, especially the support about Hongkongers in 1989 Tiananmen Square Protests. These two powers made the complex about Chinese Government and Hongkongers. The research will observe how the complex between Chinese Government and Hongkongers make the localism in Hong Kong rises.
    The research will describe the reason of Hongkonger’s identity, Chinese Government’s attitude toward Hongkongers and how Hongkongers identity change to response the similar identity toward localism, and what response about them. It can see Hongkonger’s identity change from “Establish Chinese Democracy” to “Localism” after the handover of Hong Kong in 1997.
    參考文獻: 中文部分:
    中文論文
    孔誥烽,2011,〈從維港發現玉山—港台本土意識的共振〉,本土論述編輯委員會編,《本土論述2010:香港新階級鬥爭》:115-122,台北:漫遊者文化。
    吳介民,2014,〈港台的抵抗運動為何呈現趨同性?〉,《文化研究》,18:170-177。
    吳介民,2017,〈中國因素作用力與反作用力〉,吳介民、蔡宏政、鄭祖邦編,《吊燈裡的巨蟒:中國因素作用力與反作用力》:21-85,台北:左岸文化。
    曾榮光,2013,〈香港特區國民教育課程內容的偏差與缺失:《德育及國民教育科課程指引》的爭議〉,《教育政策研討系列》:1-21。
    鄭祖邦 2019,〈在中國因素下香港本土意識的分歧與整合:2003至2016年〉,《台灣社會學》,38:115-161。

    中文書籍
    Benedict Anderson,1999,《想像的共同體—民族主義的起源與散布》,吳叡人譯,台北:時報文化出版企業股份有限公司。
    王鳳超,2017,《香港政制發展歷程(1843-2015)》,香港:中華書局。
    孔誥烽,2022,《邊際危城:資本、帝國與抵抗視野下的香港》,程向剛 譯,新北:左岸文化/遠足文化事業股份有限公司。
    李怡,2023,《失敗者回憶錄》新北:INK印刻文學生活雜誌出版股份有限公司。
    徐承恩,2023,《未竟的快樂時代—香港民主回歸世代精神史》,新北:左岸文化/遠足文化事業股份有限公司。
    殷惠敏,2023,《最後一個租界—香港變局紀事》,台北:允晨文化實業股份有限公司。
    陳雲,2011,《香港城邦論》,香港:天窗。
    陳雲,2013,《香港遺民論》,香港:次文化堂。
    彭定康2023 《香港日記》陳榮彬、徐嘉煜、袁曼端、黃瑜安、林庭如、沈函儀譯。台北:黑體文化/遠足文化事業股份有限公司
    彭定康2023,《末代港督的吿解》,李爾雅譯,台北:一八四一出版有限公司。
    學苑 2013,《香港民族論》,香港:香港大學學生會。

    中文網路資料:
    BBC中文網,2013,〈香港觀察:誰拿走了我的奶粉?〉 https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/hong_kong_review/2013/02/130205_hkreview_baby_milkpowder,查閱時間:2023/04/17。
    BBC中文網,2014〈香港觀察:又愛又恨自由行〉,https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/hong_kong_review/2014/03/140311_hkreview_freedom_to_travel_hk,查閱時間:2023/04/18
    中華人民共和國國務院,2014,《“一國兩制”在香港特別行政區的實踐》白皮書,http://big5.www.gov.cn/gate/big5/www.gov.cn/xinwen/2014-06/10/content_2697833.htm,查閱時間:2023/06/09。
    中華人民共和國常駐聯合國代表團,1951,歷史資料,《十七條協議:中央人民政府和西藏地方政關於和平解放西藏辦法的協議》,http://un.china-mission.gov.cn/zt/xzwt/195105/t19510523_8363247.htm,查閱時間:2023/06/07。
    立場新聞.聞庫,2015【五代學苑人 5】香港是他們眼中的,少數民族,https://collection.news/thestandnews/articles/4366,查閱時間:2023/06/10。
    西藏新聞社記者,2014,〈關於十七條協議〉,https://xizang-zhiye.org/%E9%97%9C%E6%96%BC%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%83%E6%A2%9D%E5%8D%94%E8%AD%B0/,查閱時間:2023/06/07。
    全國人民代表大會,2014,全國人民代表大會常務委員會關於香港特別行政區行政長官普選問題和 2016 年立法會產生辦法的決定:http://www.2017.gov.hk/filemanager/template/tc/doc/20140831b.pdf,查閱時間:2023/06/08。
    政制發展專責小組,2005,2005年香港政治制度改革方案,專案報告,https://www.cmab.gov.hk/cd/chi/report5/pdf/5th_Report_Chinese.pdf,查閱時間:2023/06/06。
    政制發展專責小組,2010,2010年香港政治制度改革方案 專案報告:http://www.cmab-cd2012.gov.hk/doc/package/package_c.pdf,查閱時間:2023/06/06。
    紐約時報中文網,2016,〈西藏的秘密戰爭 究竟發生了什麼?(上)〉,https://cn.nytimes.com/china/20160621/china-tibet-lhasa-1959-dalai-lama/zh-hant/,查閱時間:2023/06/08。
    紐約時報中文網,2016,〈西藏的秘密戰爭 究竟發生了什麼?(下)〉,https://cn.nytimes.com/china/20160622/cc22lijianglin2/zh-hant/,查閱時間:2023/06/08。
    梁啟智,2021,〈世代經歷不一樣:2021版〉,https://leungkaichihk.medium.com/%E4%B8%96%E4%BB%A3%E7%B6%93%E6%AD%B7%E4%B8%8D%E4%B8%80%E6%A8%A3-2021%E7%89%88-cd95a3e7f6c7,查閱時間:2023/10/11。
    郭家麒,2018,〈從今日新疆見明日香港〉,《蘋果日報.聞庫》,https://collection.news/appledaily/articles/K7DBCGDI4HJFLYOUTEDCKFMZPI,查閱時間:2023/04/05。

    英文部分:
    英文論文
    Anna Triandafyllidou. 1998. “National identity and the 'other'.”Ethnic and Racial Studies 21(4): 593-612.
    Bonny Ibhawoh. 2010. “Beyond Instrumentalism and Constructivism: Reconceptualizing Ethnic Identities in Africa” Humanities Today 1(1): 220-230.
    Chan Chi Kit. 2014.“China as “Other”—Resistance to and Ambivalence Toward National Identity in Hong Kong.” Open Edition Journals 2014/1: 25-34.
    Clement Tsz Ming Tong. 2016. “The Hong Kong Week of 1967 and the Emergence of Hong Kong Identity Through Contradistinction.” Publication Details 56: 40-66.
    Elaine Chan. 2000. “Defining Fellow Compatriots as ‘Others’—National Identity in Hong Kong.” Cambridge Press. Government and Opposition Cambridge Press. 35(4): 499-519.
    Gordan Mathews. 2001. “A Collision of Discourses: Japanese and Hong Kong Chinese During the Diaoyu/Senkaku Island Crisis.” In Harumi Befu and Sylvie Guichard-Anguis, eds. Globalizing Japan–Ethnography of the Japanese Presence in Asia, Europe, and America: 154.
    Henry E. Hale. 2004. “Explaining ethnicity.” Comparative Political Studies 37(4): 458-485.
    Hung, Ho-Fung. 1998. “Thousand-Year Oppression and Thousand-Year Resistance: The Tanka Fisherfolks in Tai O before and after Colonialism.” Chinese Sociology and Anthropology 30(3): 75-99.
    John C. Turner. 1975. “Social comparison and social identity: Some prospects for intergroup behaviour.” European Journal of Social Psychology 5(1): 1-34
    John Coakley. 2017. “‘Primordialism’ in nationalism studies: theory or ideology?” Nations and Nationalism 24(2): 327-347.
    Kim Jungsilk and Ng Sik Hung 2008, “Perceptions of Social Identity: Study Focusing on Hong Kong Society After Reunification.” Asian Journal of Social Psychology 11(3): 232-240.
    Lemaine G., Kastersztein J., Personnaz B. 1978. “‘Social differentiation’ in H. Tajfel (ed.).” Differentiation Between Social Groups. London: Academic Press.
    Mengmeng Zhang and Sabina Mihelj. 2012. “Hong Kong Identity and the Press Politics Dynamics: A Corpus-Assisted Discourse Study.” Asian Journal of Communication 22(5): 506-527.
    Muñoz, J., & Guinjoan, M. 2013. “Accounting for internal variation in nationalist mobilization:unofficial referendums for independence in Catalonia (2009–11).” Nations and Nationalism 19(1): 44–67.
    Omar Dahbour. 2002. “National Identity: An Argument for the Strict Definition.” Public Affairs Quarterly 16(1): 17-37.
    Rowe, William T. 2002. “Social Stability and Social Change.” In Willard J. Peterson, ed., Cambridge History of China: Mid-Ching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 473-562.
    Sebastian Veg. 2017. “The Rise of ‘Localism’ and Civic Identity in Post-Handover Hong Kong: Questioning the Chinese Nation-State.” The China Quarterly 230: 323-347.
    Siu, Halen F., and Liu Zhiwei. 2006. “Lineage, Market, Pirate, and Dan: Ethnicity in the Peral River Delta of South China.” In Pamela Kyle Crossley, Helen Siu, and Donald Sutton, eds. Empire at the Margins: Culture Ethnicity, and Frontier in Early Modern China: 285-310. Berkeley: University of California Press.
    Siu-lun Chow, King-wa Fu & Yu-Leung Ng. 2020. “Development of the Hong Kong Identity Scale: Differentiation Between Hong Kong ‘locals’ and Mainland Chinese in Cultural and Civic Domain.” Journal of Contemporary China 124: 568-584.
    Tajfel, H. 1974. “Social identity and intergroup behaviour.” Social Science Information/sur les sciences sociales 13(2): 65-93.
    Tajfel, H. 1979. “Individuals and groups in social psychology.” British Journal of Social Psychology 18: 183-190.
    Tajfel, H. and Turner, J.C. 1986. “The Social Identity Theory of Intergroup Behavior.” Worchel, S. and Austin, W.G., Eds. Psychology of Intergroup Relation: 7-24. Chicago: Hall Publishers.
    Tom Mullen. 2014. “The Scottish Independence Referendum 2014.” Journal of Law and Society 41(4): 627-640.
    Yew Chiew Ping and Kwong King-Ming. 2014. “Hong Kong Identity on the Rise.” Asian Survey 54(6): 1088-1112.
    Ying-Ho Kwong. 2016. “The Growth of ‘Localism ’in Hong Kong a New Path for the Democracy Movement?” China Perspectives 2016(3):63-68.

    英文書籍:
    Anthony D. Smith. 1981. The Ethnic Revival in the Modern World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    Anthony D. Smith. 1986. The Ethnic Origins of Nations. Blackwell Publishing.
    Anthony D. Smith. 1991. National Identity. Penguin.
    Benedict Anderson. 1983. Imaginary Communities. New York: Verso.
    Gellner, Earnest. 1964. Thought and Change. London: Weidenfeld and Nicholson.
    Josep Maria Fradera. 2003. Cultura nacional en una sociedad dividida: Cataluña, 1838-1868. Madrid: Marcial Pons, Ediciones de Historia.

    英文網路資料:
    BBC. 2008. Protests cut short Olympic relay. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7334545.stm. (Accessed on June 6, 2023)
    CBC. 2008. San Francisco torch relay no 'joyous party' but IOC relieved. https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/san-francisco-torch-relay-no-joyous-party-but-ioc-relieved-1.748613. (Accessed on June 8, 2023)
    Ivan Serrano. 2014. “The Evolution of the Political Discourse in Catalonia 2003-2014: From Self-Government to Self-Determination.”IN3, Open University of Catalonia: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ivan-Serrano-3/publication/267858687_The_evolution_of_the_political_discourse_in_Catalonia_2003-2014_From_Self-government_to_Self-determination/links/545b4ac70cf2c46f6643f920/The-evolution-of-the-political-discourse-in-Catalonia-2003-2014-From-Self-government-to-Self-determination.pdf. (Accessed on May 7, 2023)
    The Australian. 2008. Human torch fear in Delhi protests. https://web.archive.org/web/20080413013212/http:/www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,23524744-2703,00.html. (Accessed on June 9, 2023)
    描述: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    政治學系
    109252004
    資料來源: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0109252004
    資料類型: thesis
    顯示於類別:[政治學系] 學位論文

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