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| Title: | 為失聯移工施打疫苗：檢視臺灣政策
Vaccinating Undocumented Migrant Workers: Reviewing Taiwan’s Case |
| Authors: | 郭昌益
Kuo, Chang-yi |
| Contributors: | 劉曉鵬
Liu, Hsiao-Pong
郭昌益
Kuo, Chang-yi |
| Keywords: | 新冠肺炎
失聯移工
執法人員
社會網絡
政策行銷
信賴關係
政府承諾
勞動部
移民署
COVID-19
Undocumented Migrant Workers
Law Enforcement Officers
Social Network
Policy Marketing
Trust Relationship
Government Commitment
Ministry of Labor
Immigration Agency |
| Date: | 2023 |
| Issue Date: | 2023-09-01 16:11:52 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 隨著臺灣政府在1990年初期引進外籍移工開始，雖然裨益了臺灣經濟發展，緩解國內勞動力市場不足的困境。隨著外籍移工逐漸湧入臺灣，除了在全台各地每個角落誕生了許多具有東南亞文化特色的商圈，但因為在國籍、文化、宗教、價值觀、工作內容和社會階級等的差異，外籍移工在臺灣社會時有遭遇許多不平等待遇的事情發生，近幾年更因為薪資結構性的問題，有越來越多的失聯移工散落在臺灣各個角落的底層家庭和工廠賺取更高的薪資謀求生存，因而過起了日日夜夜躲避執法人員的生活。失聯移工的居無定所，讓政府難以追蹤和管理這群失聯移工，也因此成為了社會安全的隱憂，可能會帶給臺灣社會不良的影響。
2020年初，新冠肺炎在全世界爆發，非法移民和失聯移工的問題日益受到重視，臺灣失聯移工造成的社會防疫漏洞，亦是臺灣政府棘手的問題。疫情的傳播過於突然和迅速造成防疫物資的匱乏，讓政府採取了實名制居住在臺灣的人民購買口罩和施打疫苗。一直等到了2021年底疫苗有餘裕時，臺灣政府才開始實施讓失聯移工施打疫苗的專案，實施方式以「不收費、不通報、不作為查處之依據、不管制」的原則進行。然而，政府與失聯移工長期以來的互信基礎薄弱，難以讓失聯移工安心前往政府設置的疫苗施打站接種疫苗。本研究以失聯移工的社會網絡為基礎，探討是什麼因素影響了失聯移工暫時卸除疑慮，勇敢出來施打疫苗，首先在文獻回顧探討失聯移工人際網絡相關議題，並提出本研究之假設推論，並根據勞動部和移民署所提供的資料和與相關人士的深度訪談法進行分析。
研究發現臺灣政府利用失聯移工長期信賴的社會網絡施以政策行銷的策略，以口耳相傳和從眾心理逐漸卸除失聯移工對政府承諾真實性的疑慮，使得此專案可以順利地進行並獲得一定程度的成效。
As the government of Taiwan began to introduce foreign migrant workers in the early 1990s, it not only benefited Taiwan`s economic development, but also it eased the plight of the domestic labor market shortage. With the gradual influx of foreign migrant workers into Taiwan, there are many business circles with Southeast Asian cultural characteristics in every corner of Taiwan. However, due to differences in nationality, culture, religion, values, job content and social class, foreign migrant workers have encountered many unequal treatment in Taiwanese society. In recent years, because of salary structure problems, more and more undocumented migrant workers settle down in some families and factories in every corner of Taiwan to earn more money. For the sake of survival, each of them lives a life of evading law enforcement officers day and night. Since undocumented migrant workers have no fixed place to live, it makes it difficult for the government to keep track of and manage the undocumented migrant workers, which has become a hidden concern for social security and may have a negative impact on Taiwan’s society.
At the beginning of 2020, with the outbreak of COVID-19 all over the world, the issue of illegal immigration and undocumented migrant workers received increasing attention. The loopholes in social epidemic prevention caused by undocumented migrant workers in Taiwan are also thorny issues for the government of Taiwan. The sudden and rapid spread of the epidemic caused a shortage of anti-epidemic materials, which led the government to adopt a real-name system for people living in Taiwan to purchase masks and get vaccinated. It was not until the end of 2021 when there were enough vaccines available that the government of Taiwan began to implement the project to allow undocumented migrant workers to be vaccinated. The implementation method was based on the principles of "won’t be charged for fee, won’t be reported, won’t be banned, and won’t be seized." However, the foundation of mutual trust between the government and the undocumented migrant workers has been weak for a long time, so it is difficult for the undocumented migrant workers to go to the vaccination stations set up by the government to get vaccinated. Based on the social network of undocumented migrant workers, this study explores what factors have influenced undocumented migrant workers to temporarily shed their doubts and bravely come out to get vaccinated. The hypotheses and inferences of this study were analyzed based on the data provided by the Ministry of Labor and the Immigration Agency and anonymous in-depth interviews with relevant people.
The study found that the government of Taiwan took advantage of the long-term trusted social network of the undocumented migrant workers to implement policy marketing strategies, and gradually dispelled the undocumented migrant workers` doubts about the authenticity of the government`s commitment through word of mouth and herd mentality, so that the project could be carried out smoothly and achieve a certain degree of success. |
| Reference: | 一、中文文獻
王信，2006)，〈將社會帶回？中國大陸中介組織的發展與理論省思：以W市商會與型業協會為例〉，《人文及社會科學集刊》，18 (2)。
王高成，卓忠宏，2019，《全球化的挑戰與發展》。新北市：淡江大學出版中心。
王振寰，翟海源，2014，《社會學與臺灣社會（第四版）》。台北市：巨流圖書公司
包宗和，葉俊榮，朱雲漢，劉錦添，劉碧珍，曾嬿芬，李碧涵，古允文，林萬億，廖咸浩，洪貞玲，蕭全政，張亞中，陶儀芬，周素卿，徐進鈺，2014，《全球化的挑戰與因應》。台北市：國立台灣大學出版中心
江婉琦，2022，《移工怎麼都在直播》。台北市：木馬文化
武黎全科，2014，〈為何在臺灣的外籍勞工逃跑？--以越南籍勞工為例〉，南投縣：國立暨南國際大學東南亞研究所碩士論文。
夏曉鵑，陳信行，黃德，2008，《跨界流離：全球化下的移民與移工 上冊》。台灣：台灣社會研究雜誌社
藍佩嘉，2008，《跨國灰姑娘：當東南亞幫傭遇上台灣新富家庭》。台北市：行人
顧玉玲，2020，《我們：移動與勞動的生命紀事 》。新北市：印刻文學生活雜誌出版有限公司。
蘇偉業，2007，〈政策行銷：理論重構與實踐〉，《中國行政評論》，16(1)：1-34。
謝儀霏譯，Robert B. Cialdini著 ，2022，《影響力：讓人乖乖聽話的說話術》，台北市：久石文化事業有限公司。
二、英文文獻
Amy B. Middleman, Judy Klein, Jane Quinn. 2022. “Vaccine Hesitancy in the Time of COVID-19: Attitudes and Intentions of Teens and Parents Regarding the COVID-19 Vaccine.”Vaccines (Basel), 10.
Boyd, M. 1989. “Family and personal networks in international migration: recent developments and new agendas.” International Migration Review, 23：638-670.
Choldin, H. M.1973. “Kinship networks in the migration process.” International
Migration Review, 7,：163-176.
Dorwin Cartwright.1994. “Some principles of mass persuasion. ” Human Relations 2：199-291.
Fred Krissman, 2005. “Why the ‘migrant network’ fails to explain international migration.” International Migration Review, 39.
Ensiyeh Jamshidi , Hassan Eftekhar Ardebili , Reza Yousefi-Nooraie , Ahmad Raeisi , Hossein Malekafzali Ardakani , Roya Sadeghi , Ahmad Ali Hanafi-Bojd , Reza Majdzadeh, 2019.“A social network analysis on immigrants and refugees access to services in the malaria elimination context. ”Malaria Journal, 3.
Lee, Everett S.1966. “A theory of migration.” Demography 3:45-57.
Jussi S. Jauhiainen, Miriam Tedeschi, 2021. Undocumented Migrants and their Everyday Lives. New York: Springer.
Herbert C. Kelman, 1958. “Compliance, Identification, and Internaliztion three processes of attitude changes. ”Journal of Comflic Resolution, 2.
Massey,Rafael, Jorge, and Humberto, 1987. Return to Aztlan: The Social Process of International Migration from Western Mexico. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Mehr Muhammad Adeel Riaz, Unaiza Ahmad, Anmol Mohan, Ana Carla dos Santos Costa, Hiba Khan, Maryam Salma Babar, Mohammad Mehedi Hasan, Mohammad Yasir Essar, Ahsan Zil‑E‑Ali,2021. “ Global Impact of Vaccine Nationalism during COVID-19 Pandemic. ” Tropical Medicine and Health, 49：101.
Stephen A. Matlin, Alyna C. Smith, Jessica Merone, Michele LeVoy, Jalpa Shah, Frank Vanbiervliet, Stéphanie Vandentorren ,Joanna Vearey, Luciano Saso,2022. “ The Challenge of Reaching Undocumented Migrants with COVID- 19 Vaccination. ” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19 , 16.
Ming Sheng Wang, Ching-Hsuan Lin, 2023. “ Barriers to Health and Social Services for Unaccounted-For Female Migrant Workers and Their Undocumented Children with Precarious Status in Taiwan: An Exploratory Study of Stakeholder Perspectives.”International Journal of Evironmental Research and Public Health, 20 , 956.
World Health Organization, 2022, Ensuring the integration of refugees and migrants in immunization policies, planning and service delivery globally.
TAJAROENSUK Ron , 2018. A study of illegal workers in South Korea. Master’s thesis. Chonnam National University
Massey, Douglas S. 1988. “Economic Development and International Migration in Comparative Perspective. Population and Development,Review, ”14: 383–413.
Michael, Jandl, Christina Hollomey, Sandra Gendera, Ana Stepian,Veronika Bilger. 2008. Migrant and irregular work in Austria A Case Study of the Structure and Dynamics of Irregular Foreign Employment in Europe at the Beginning of the 21st Century, Amsterdam：Amsterdam University Press.
三、相關網站
中華民國勞動部，2003〈最新消息。移工一站式服務網〉，
https://fwots.wda.gov.tw/news，查閱時間：2023/02/05
中華民國內政部移民署，2003，〈公告資訊。移民署全球資訊網〉，https://www.immigration.gov.tw/，查閱時間：2023/02/05
張君豪 賴淑敏 蔣龍祥 王德心 朱鳳治 鍾建剛，2021，〈失聯移工打疫苗遭逮捕 指揮中心：已放人也打完疫苗〉。《公視新聞網》，12月28日，https://news.pts.org.tw/article/557535，查閱時間：2023/02/09
曾芳蘭，2021，〈逃逸移工賣淫 湖口私娼寮被抄〉，《中華日報》。04月29日，https://today.line.me/tw/v2/article/rqpkkk，查閱時間：2023/0209
陳建志，2023，〈白沙屯媽祖魅力跨國界！逃逸移工遶境被逮「可以讓我走完嗎」？〉，《自由時報》，02月13日，https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/Taichung/breakingnews/4210297，查閱時間：2023/3/6
鄧力軍，2020，〈東協廣場舞廳暗藏密室 逃逸移工遇警臨檢擠一團〉，《今日新聞》，6月23日，https://tw.news.yahoo.com/news，查閱時間：2023/3/06
劉慶侯，2022，〈澎湖40移工失聯？移民署發現僅7人業主通報 目前已追回3人〉，《自由時報》，11月25日，https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/society/breakingnews/4113700，查閱時間：2023/03/7
林保光，2022，〈高雄工地缺工用非法 移民署圍捕20名男女失聯移。聯合新聞網〉，6月22日，https://udn.com/news/story/7320/6406467，查閱時間：2023/03/08
黃佳琳，2020，〈外籍看護竟是失聯移工 移民署查獲非法看護集團〉，《自由時報》，9月9日，https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/society/breakingnews/3306335，查閱時間：2023/03/08
劉苑杉,2021，〈移工的定義是什麼？在台灣，外勞和移工有什麼差異？〉，《獨立評論網》，https://opinion.cw.com.tw/blog/profile/31/article/11554，查閱時間：2023/03/8
曹馥年，2022，〈中央山脈裡，那些扎了根的移工家庭〉，《報導者》，9月13日，https://www.twreporter.org/a/migrant-workers-families-in-central-mountain-range，查閱時間：2023/03/08
一、中文文獻
王信，2006)，〈將社會帶回？中國大陸中介組織的發展與理論省思：以W市商會與型業協會為例〉，《人文及社會科學集刊》，18 (2)。
王高成，卓忠宏，2019，《全球化的挑戰與發展》。新北市：淡江大學出版中心。
王振寰，翟海源，2014，《社會學與臺灣社會（第四版）》。台北市：巨流圖書公司
包宗和，葉俊榮，朱雲漢，劉錦添，劉碧珍，曾嬿芬，李碧涵，古允文，林萬億，廖咸浩，洪貞玲，蕭全政，張亞中，陶儀芬，周素卿，徐進鈺，2014，《全球化的挑戰與因應》。台北市：國立台灣大學出版中心
江婉琦，2022，《移工怎麼都在直播》。台北市：木馬文化
武黎全科，2014，〈為何在臺灣的外籍勞工逃跑？--以越南籍勞工為例〉，南投縣：國立暨南國際大學東南亞研究所碩士論文。
夏曉鵑，陳信行，黃德，2008，《跨界流離：全球化下的移民與移工 上冊》。台灣：台灣社會研究雜誌社
藍佩嘉，2008，《跨國灰姑娘：當東南亞幫傭遇上台灣新富家庭》。台北市：行人
顧玉玲，2020，《我們：移動與勞動的生命紀事 》。新北市：印刻文學生活雜誌出版有限公司。
蘇偉業，2007，〈政策行銷：理論重構與實踐〉，《中國行政評論》，16(1)：1-34。
謝儀霏譯，Robert B. Cialdini著 ，2022，《影響力：讓人乖乖聽話的說話術》，台北市：久石文化事業有限公司。
二、英文文獻
Amy B. Middleman, Judy Klein, Jane Quinn. 2022. “Vaccine Hesitancy in the Time of COVID-19: Attitudes and Intentions of Teens and Parents Regarding the COVID-19 Vaccine.”Vaccines (Basel), 10.
Boyd, M. 1989. “Family and personal networks in international migration: recent developments and new agendas.” International Migration Review, 23：638-670.
Choldin, H. M.1973. “Kinship networks in the migration process.” International
Migration Review, 7,：163-176.
Dorwin Cartwright.1994. “Some principles of mass persuasion. ” Human Relations 2：199-291.
Fred Krissman, 2005. “Why the ‘migrant network’ fails to explain international migration.” International Migration Review, 39.
Ensiyeh Jamshidi , Hassan Eftekhar Ardebili , Reza Yousefi-Nooraie , Ahmad Raeisi , Hossein Malekafzali Ardakani , Roya Sadeghi , Ahmad Ali Hanafi-Bojd , Reza Majdzadeh, 2019.“A social network analysis on immigrants and refugees access to services in the malaria elimination context. ”Malaria Journal, 3.
Lee, Everett S.1966. “A theory of migration.” Demography 3:45-57.
Jussi S. Jauhiainen, Miriam Tedeschi, 2021. Undocumented Migrants and their Everyday Lives. New York: Springer.
Herbert C. Kelman, 1958. “Compliance, Identification, and Internaliztion three processes of attitude changes. ”Journal of Comflic Resolution, 2.
Massey,Rafael, Jorge, and Humberto, 1987. Return to Aztlan: The Social Process of International Migration from Western Mexico. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Mehr Muhammad Adeel Riaz, Unaiza Ahmad, Anmol Mohan, Ana Carla dos Santos Costa, Hiba Khan, Maryam Salma Babar, Mohammad Mehedi Hasan, Mohammad Yasir Essar, Ahsan Zil‑E‑Ali,2021. “ Global Impact of Vaccine Nationalism during COVID-19 Pandemic. ” Tropical Medicine and Health, 49：101.
Stephen A. Matlin, Alyna C. Smith, Jessica Merone, Michele LeVoy, Jalpa Shah, Frank Vanbiervliet, Stéphanie Vandentorren ,Joanna Vearey, Luciano Saso,2022. “ The Challenge of Reaching Undocumented Migrants with COVID- 19 Vaccination. ” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19 , 16.
Ming Sheng Wang, Ching-Hsuan Lin, 2023. “ Barriers to Health and Social Services for Unaccounted-For Female Migrant Workers and Their Undocumented Children with Precarious Status in Taiwan: An Exploratory Study of Stakeholder Perspectives.”International Journal of Evironmental Research and Public Health, 20 , 956.
World Health Organization, 2022, Ensuring the integration of refugees and migrants in immunization policies, planning and service delivery globally.
TAJAROENSUK Ron , 2018. A study of illegal workers in South Korea. Master’s thesis. Chonnam National University
Massey, Douglas S. 1988. “Economic Development and International Migration in Comparative Perspective. Population and Development,Review, ”14: 383–413.
Michael, Jandl, Christina Hollomey, Sandra Gendera, Ana Stepian,Veronika Bilger. 2008. Migrant and irregular work in Austria A Case Study of the Structure and Dynamics of Irregular Foreign Employment in Europe at the Beginning of the 21st Century, Amsterdam：Amsterdam University Press.
三、相關網站
中華民國勞動部，2003〈最新消息。移工一站式服務網〉，
https://fwots.wda.gov.tw/news，查閱時間：2023/02/05
中華民國內政部移民署，2003，〈公告資訊。移民署全球資訊網〉，https://www.immigration.gov.tw/，查閱時間：2023/02/05
張君豪 賴淑敏 蔣龍祥 王德心 朱鳳治 鍾建剛，2021，〈失聯移工打疫苗遭逮捕 指揮中心：已放人也打完疫苗〉。《公視新聞網》，12月28日，https://news.pts.org.tw/article/557535，查閱時間：2023/02/09
曾芳蘭，2021，〈逃逸移工賣淫 湖口私娼寮被抄〉，《中華日報》。04月29日，https://today.line.me/tw/v2/article/rqpkkk，查閱時間：2023/0209
陳建志，2023，〈白沙屯媽祖魅力跨國界！逃逸移工遶境被逮「可以讓我走完嗎」？〉，《自由時報》，02月13日，https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/Taichung/breakingnews/4210297，查閱時間：2023/3/6
鄧力軍，2020，〈東協廣場舞廳暗藏密室 逃逸移工遇警臨檢擠一團〉，《今日新聞》，6月23日，https://tw.news.yahoo.com/news，查閱時間：2023/3/06
劉慶侯，2022，〈澎湖40移工失聯？移民署發現僅7人業主通報 目前已追回3人〉，《自由時報》，11月25日，https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/society/breakingnews/4113700，查閱時間：2023/03/7
林保光，2022，〈高雄工地缺工用非法 移民署圍捕20名男女失聯移。聯合新聞網〉，6月22日，https://udn.com/news/story/7320/6406467，查閱時間：2023/03/08
黃佳琳，2020，〈外籍看護竟是失聯移工 移民署查獲非法看護集團〉，《自由時報》，9月9日，https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/society/breakingnews/3306335，查閱時間：2023/03/08
劉苑杉,2021，〈移工的定義是什麼？在台灣，外勞和移工有什麼差異？〉，《獨立評論網》，https://opinion.cw.com.tw/blog/profile/31/article/11554，查閱時間：2023/03/8
曹馥年，2022，〈中央山脈裡，那些扎了根的移工家庭〉，《報導者》，9月13日，https://www.twreporter.org/a/migrant-workers-families-in-central-mountain-range，查閱時間：2023/03/08 |
| Description: | 碩士
國立政治大學
東亞研究所
110260017 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0110260017 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| Appears in Collections: | [東亞研究所] 學位論文
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