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| Title: | 卡繆的反抗理論與政治美學
Albert Camus’ Theory of Revolt and Political Aesthetics |
| Authors: | 趙翊夫
Chao, I-Fu |
| Contributors: | 葉浩
趙翊夫
Chao, I-Fu |
| Keywords: | 卡繆
荒謬
反抗
政治美學
書寫與政治
Camus
Absurdity
Revolt
Political Aesthetics
Writing and Politics |
| Date: | 2022 |
| Issue Date: | 2023-09-01 15:35:13 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 針對卡繆（Albert Camus）的詮釋由於文本類型的多元及卡繆本人書寫模式導致詮釋上有眾多分歧。主要之詮釋方式有二：一為以特定概念著手理解卡繆的思想並試圖推演出一些可供依循的準則，主要關切的是「荒謬」與「反抗」。這樣的詮釋徑路不僅忽略卡繆在《札記》或不同作品間皆表明了他有一套完整的觀點及不同作品間確實有所連繫，也因此產生了對這些特定概念及其延伸出來的倫理觀有所誤解。二是試圖將卡繆的核心概念進行整合，然而對於概念之間是何種關係仍有很大的歧異與不足。其中一種是認為卡繆在對於荒謬及反抗的討論在功能上或態度上有明顯轉變。這類的觀點明顯忽略了卡繆為指出自身創作之間的關係是持續的探索而非轉變。另一種觀點正確地把握到卡繆的思想實為一致且延續，但對於如何整合仍有缺失，尤其是如何整合卡繆在倫理學、哲學、美學與政治等方面的不同論述。
筆者認為，卡繆其實是有一個完整融貫的思想體系，其特徵是一個「美學式」（Aesthetic）的論述：其整體思想便是透過「荒謬」與「美」的兩條論述軸線，闡述一個人如何自我覺醒與創造能力，讓人從與外在世界疏離（荒謬）所產生的「放逐」的狀態回歸到一個建立在實際的人與體驗的「王國」。而要達成此目標，必需要修正政治現實，方法則是貫徹知識份子與藝術家的責任：針對現實中的各種實質壓迫進行批判，以及透過創作提供大眾一個合理體驗及願景的可能。是以從卡繆的思想中可以建構出一套立基於「美學式」（aesthetics）的認識與行動條件，並透過批判與創作改善社會與政治條件，最終讓人能夠享受更多真實美好體驗的「政治美學」理論。
Due to the diversity of text types and Camus` own writing style, there are many differences in the interpretation of Albert Camus. There are two main methods of interpretation: one is to understand Camus` thoughts with specific concepts and try to deduce some guidelines to follow, mainly concerned with "absurdity" and "resistance". These approaches not only ignore Camus`s Notes or different works that he had shown that there were a complete set of views and indeed connections between different works, but also produces ethical considerations for these specific concepts and their extensions misunderstood. The second is to try to integrate Camus`s core concepts, but there are still great differences and deficiencies in the relationship between concepts. One is that Camus`s discussion of the absurd and rebellious has a clear functional or attitudinal shift. Such views obviously ignore the fact that Camus pointed out that the relationship between his own creations is a continuous exploration rather than a transformation. Another perspective correctly grasps that Camus`s thoughts are consistent and continuous, but still lacks how to integrate them, especially how to integrate Camus` different discourses in ethics, philosophy, aesthetics and politics.
The author believes that Camus actually has a complete and coherent ideological system, which is characterized by an "aesthetic" discourse: his overall thought is to expound on the two axes of "absurdity" and "beauty". How a person`s self-awareness and creative ability can make people return from the state of "exile" caused by alienation from the external world (absurd) to a "kingdom" based on actual people and experiences. To achieve this goal, political reality must be corrected by implementing the responsibilities of intellectuals and artists: to criticize various substantive oppressions in reality, and to provide the public with the possibility of a reasonable experience and vision through creation. Therefore, a set of understanding and action conditions based on "aesthetics" can be constructed from Camus` thoughts, and social and political conditions can be improved through criticism and creation, so that people can finally enjoy more real and beautiful experience. |
| Reference: | 一、卡繆（Albert Camus）著作
CC
2006. Camus at Combat: Writing 1944-1947. Edited and annotated by Jacqueline Lévi-Valensi. Translated by Arthur Goldhammer. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
CMN
2007. Christian Metaphysics and Neoplatonism. Translated with an introduction by Ronald D. Srigley. Columbia and London: University of Missouri Press.
LC
1970. Lyrical and Critical Essays. Translated by Ellen Conroy Kennedy. New York: Vintage Books.
MS
1991. The Myth of Sisyphus and Other Essays by Albert Camus. Translated by Justin O’Brien. New York: Vintage Books.
R
1991. The Rebel: An Essay on Man in Revolt. Translated by Anthony Bower. New York: Vintage Books.
RRD
1995. Resistance, Rebellion, and Death. Translated with an introduction by Justin O’Brien. New York: Vintage Books.
疫
2012，《鼠疫》，顏湘如譯，臺北：麥田出版。
異
2015，《異鄉人》，張一喬譯，臺北：麥田出版。
第一人
2017，《第一人》，吳錫德譯，臺北：皇冠文化。
放逐
2021，《放逐與王國》，徐佳華譯，臺北：商周出版。
二、中文二手文獻
朱嘉漢
2017，〈導讀—我們別無選擇地成為第一人〉，卡繆（Albert Camus）著，吳錫德譯，《第一人》，頁3至7。臺北：皇冠文化。
沙特（Jean-Paul Sartre）
2022，〈《異鄉人》釋義〉，沙特著，林德祐譯，收錄於卡繆（Albert Camus）著、邱瑞鑾譯《異鄉人》，電子書版本。臺北：漫遊者文化。
沈清楷
2015，〈推薦序：為何薛西弗斯是快樂的？〉，卡繆（Albert Camus）著，沈台訓譯，《薛西弗斯的神話：卡繆的荒謬哲學》，頁13至19。臺北：商周出版。
2016，〈《反抗者》導讀〉，卡繆（Albert Camus）著，嚴慧瑩譯，《反抗者》，頁5至11。臺北：大塊文化。
吳錫德
2018，《我反抗，故我們存在：論卡繆作品的現代性》，臺北：台灣商務。
徐佳華
2021，〈導讀：王國是放逐，放逐是王國〉，卡繆（Albert Camus）著，徐佳華譯，《放逐與王國》，頁9至25。臺北：商周出版。
莎拉‧貝克威爾（Sarah Bakewell）
2017，《我們在存在主義咖啡館：那些關於自由、哲學家與存在主義的故事》（At the Existentialist Café: Freedom, Being, and Apricot Cocktails），江先聲譯。臺北：商周出版
梁家瑜
2021，〈導讀二：亡國感？復國感！—西蒙韋伊的扎根〉，韋伊（Simone Weil）著，卡繆（Albert Camus）編，梁家瑜、郭亮廷、周伶芝、楊依陵譯，《扎根：人類義務宣言》，頁15至19。臺北：商物印書館。
傅佩榮
2015，《荒謬之外—卡繆思想研究》。臺北：九歌出版社。
葉浩
2018，《以撒柏林》。臺北：聯經出版。
2021，〈導讀一：一本等候讀者以靈魂回應的著作〉，韋伊（Simone Weil）著，卡繆（Albert Camus）編，梁家瑜、郭亮廷、周伶芝、楊依陵譯，《扎根：人類義務宣言》，頁7至14。臺北：商物印書館。
2021，〈解讀美中「政治時差」與中國夢實際內涵〉，《報導者》，https://www.
twreporter.org/a/opinion-the-us-china-new-cold-war-political-jet-lag，查閱時間：2022年6月29日。
三、外文二手文獻
Anderson, Ingrid L.
2016. “Absurd Dignity: The Rebel and His Cause in Améry and Camus,” Journal of French and Francophone Philosophy 24(3): 74-94.
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1972. Camus’ Hellenic Sources. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.
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2013. Albert Camus and the Political Philosophy of the Absurd: Ambivalence, Resistance, and Creativity. Maryland, UK: Lexington Books.
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Brody, Ervin C.
1991. “Camus Thirty Years Later: His Relevance to Our Days,” The Literary Review 35(1): 124-133.
Brombert, Victor.
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Carroll, David.
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Crowley, Martin.
2007. “Camus and Social Justice,” in The Cambridge Companion to Camus, edited by Edward J. Hughes, pp. 93-105. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Cruickshank, John.
1978. Albert Camus and the Literature of Revolt. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, Inc.
Davis, Colin.
2007. “Violence and Ethics in Camus,” in The Cambridge Companion to Camus, edited by Edward J. Hughes, pp. 106-117. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Delancey, Craig.
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Dunwoodie, Peter.
2007. “From Noces to L’Etranger,” in The Cambridge Companion to Camus, edited by Edward J. Hughes, pp. 147-164. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Eubanks, Cecil L. and Peter A. Petrakis.
1999. “Reconstructing the World: Albert Camus and the Symbolization of Experience,” The Journal of Politics 61(2): 293-312.
Foley, John
2014. Albert Camus: From the Absurd to Revolt. New York, NY: Routledge Press. Hayden, Patrick.
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Forsdick, Charles.
2007. “Camus and Sartre: the Great Quarrel,” in The Cambridge Companion to Camus, edited by Edward J. Hughes, pp. 118-130. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Golomb, Jacob.
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Gray, Margaret E.
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Groys, Boris.
2008.“Educating the Masses: Socialist Realist Art,” in Art Power, pp. 141-148. London: The MIT Press.
Hardré, Jacques.
1967. “Camus’ Thoughts on Christian Metaphysics and Neoplatonism,” Studies in Philology 64: 97-108.
Hobson, Aidan.
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Hochberg, Herbert.
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Isaac, Jeffery C.
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Klabbers, Jan.
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Knee, Philip.
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Mikics, David and Robert Zaretsky.
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2011. “Camus and Nihilism,” Sophia 50: 543-559. |
| Description: | 博士
國立政治大學
政治學系
105252501 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0105252501 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| Appears in Collections: | [政治學系] 學位論文
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