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    Title: 候選人學歷背景對其得票率的影響—以臺北市議員與立法委員選舉為例
    The Impact of Candidates’ Education Degree on Their Vote Share—Evidence from Elections of City Councilor and Legislator in Taipei
    Authors: 陳德芳
    Chen, Te-Fang
    Contributors: 黃智聰
    Jr-Tsung Huang
    陳德芳
    Chen, Te-Fang
    Keywords: 候選人
    學歷
    得票率
    立法委員
    市議員
    Candidates
    Academic
    Vote Share
    City Councilor
    Legislator
    Date: 2023
    Issue Date: 2023-09-01 14:45:50 (UTC+8)
    Abstract:   本研究聚焦於2020年第10屆立法委員選舉與2022年第14屆臺北市議員選舉中,候選人個人學經歷等背景變項,對於其得票率之影響。本研究藉由選舉公報來蒐集候選人相關背景資訊,並透過檢定確認候選人選區具備空間相關性,再透過空間杜賓模型(Spatial Durbin Model, SDM)進行分析,以瞭解候選人個人學歷背景等變項對於當選率之重要程度,此模型主要優點為具有空間加權矩陣,可分析解釋變數如何透過空間關係影響到被解釋變數。候選人背景變數分成以下8類:1.學歷、2.政治經驗、3.社團經驗、4.媒體經驗、5.性別、6.年齡、7.是否現任、8.兩大黨政黨提名,分別探討其與得票率之關聯性。
      實證模型結果得知,兩個候選人模型在選區空間競爭關係中為顯著的負相關,符合候選人選票競合之特性。解釋變數部分,在臺北市立法委員研究結果中,顯著正相關的變數有「海外博士」學歷、「媒體經驗」、「國民黨候選人」、「民進黨候選人」;顯著的負相關變數有「國內非臺大學士」學歷、「海外學士」學歷、「政治經驗」、「社團經驗」。在臺北市議員研究結果中,顯著的正相關變數有「社團經驗」、「媒體經驗」等2項,而顯著的負相關變數為「海外博士」學歷。
     This study focuses on the impact of candidate personal background variables, such as educational and professional experience, on their vote share in the 10th Legislative election in 2020 and the 14th Taipei City Council election in 2022. The study collects relevant candidate background information through election bulletins and confirms the spatial correlation of candidate districts through tests. The analysis is then conducted using the Spatial Durbin Model(SDM)to understand the importance of variables like candidates’ educational background in relation to their chances of being elected. The main advantage of this model is its inclusion of spatial weighting matrices, which can analyze how explanatory variables influence the dependent variable through spatial relationships. The candidate background variables are divided into the following eight categories: 1. Education, 2. Political experience, 3. Clubs experience, 4. Media experience, 5. Gender, 6. Age, 7. Incumbency, and 8. Nomination by the two major political parties(KMT、DPP). The study explores the associations between these variables and the vote share.
     The empirical model results indicate a significant negative correlation in the spatial competition relationship in the candidate districts, which aligns with the characteristics of candidate vote competition. In terms of explanatory variables, the research findings at the Legislative Yuan level in Taipei City show significant positive correlations with variables such as "overseas doctoral" education, "media experience," "Kuomintang candidate," and "Democratic Progressive Party candidate." Significant negative correlations are observed with variables such as "domestic non-National Taiwan University bachelor’s" education, "overseas bachelor`s" education, "political experience," and "organizational experience." In the study results at the Taipei City Council level, significant variables include "organizational experience," "media experience," showing positive correlations, and "overseas doctoral" education showing a negative correlation.
    Reference: 一、中文部分
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    黃秀端(1996),決定勝負的關鍵:候選人特質與能力在總統選舉中的重要性。選舉研究,3(1),頁47-85。
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    二、英文文獻
    Brody, R. A. & B. Page (1973), “Indifference, Alienation and Rational Decisions: The Effects of Candidate Evaluations on Turnout and the Vote.” Public Choice, 15, 1-17.
    Campbell, A., G. Gurin, & W. E. Miller (1954), The Voter Decides. Evanston, IL: Row, Peterson & Company.
    Campbell, A., P. E. Converser, W. E. Miller, & D. E. Stokes (1960), The American Voter. New York: John Wiley.
    Elhorst, J. P. (2010), “Matlab Software for Spatial Panels.” International Regional Science Review, 37(3), 389-405.
    LeSage, J. & R. K. Pace (2009), Introduction to spatial econometric. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
    Miller, W. E. & J. M. Shanks (1996), The New American Voter. Cambridge, Mass:Harvard University Press.
    Miller, A. H., M. P. Wattenberg, & O. Malanchuk (1986), “Schematic Assessments of Presidential Candidates.” The American Political Science Review, 80(2), 521-540.
    Mobley, L. R., H. Frech, & L. Anselin (2009), “Spatial Interaction, Hospital Pricing and Hospital Antitrust.” International Journal of the Economics of Business, 16(1), 1-17.
    Nimmo, D. & R. L. Savage (1976), Candidate and Their Images: Concepts, Methods, and Findings. California: Goodyear Publishing Company, Inc.
    Sigel, R. S. (1964), “Effect of Partisanship on The Perception of Political Candidates.” Public Opinion Quarterly, 28, 483-496.
    Patterson, T. E. (1989), “The Press and Candidate Images.” International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 1(2), 123-135.
    Tobler, W. R. (1970), “A Computer Movie Simulating Urban Growth in the Detroit Region.” Economic Geography, 46, 234-240.
    Krasno, J. S. & D. P. Green (1988), “Preempting Quality Challengers in House Elections.” The Journal of Politics, 50(4), 920-936.
    三、參考網站
    中央選舉委員會選舉資料庫網站,https://web.cec.gov.tw,最後瀏覽日期:2023年5月18日。
    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    行政管理碩士學程
    110921071
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0110921071
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[Master for Eminent Public Administrators] Theses

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