政大機構典藏-National Chengchi University Institutional Repository(NCCUR):Item 140.119/146681

政大機構典藏-National Chengchi University Institutional Repository(NCCUR):Item 140.119/146681

English | 正體中文 | 简体中文 | Post-Print筆數 : 27 | 全文笔数/总笔数 : 113311/144292 (79%)
造访人次 : 50903680 在线人数 : 420

RC Version 6.0 © Powered By DSPACE, MIT. Enhanced by NTU Library IR team.

搜寻范围

查询小技巧：

您可在西文检索词汇前后加上"双引号"，以获取较精准的检索结果

若欲以作者姓名搜寻，建议至进阶搜寻限定作者字段，可获得较完整数据

进阶搜寻

主页 ‧ 登入 ‧ 上传 ‧ 说明 ‧ 关于政大典藏 ‧ 管理

到手机版

政大機構典藏 > 教育學院 > 幼兒教育研究所 > 學位論文 > Item 140.119/146681

请使用永久网址来引用或连结此文件: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/146681

题名:	幼兒教育課程架構：香港與新加坡之比較研究 A Comparative Study of Early Childhood Education Curriculum Framework in Hong Kong and Singapore
作者:	胡善容 Wu, Sin Yung
贡献者:	徐聯恩 Hsy, Lein-An 胡善容 Wu, Sin Yung
关键词:	比較研究幼兒教育課程架構 comparative study early childhood education curriculum framework
日期:	2023
上传时间:	2023-08-02 14:29:43 (UTC+8)
摘要:	本研究對香港和新加坡的幼兒教育課程架構進行比較研究。研究目的是探討、比較和分析香港《幼稚園教育課程指引》（2017）與新加坡《學前課程框架》（2022）的內涵與異同，並發展有關香港幼教的討論，以及對臺灣幼教的啟發。　　本研究採用了貝瑞岱比較教育研究法，對香港《幼稚園教育課程指引》與新加坡《學前課程框架》進行比較分析。主要的研究結果顯示，香港與新加坡兩個地區都根據美國NAEYC Developmentally Appropriate Practice （DAP）發展其課程理念，強調幼教課程應以幼兒為中心，並考慮幼兒的發展和學習模式，以及重視文代對幼兒教育的影響。　　香港《幼稚園教育課程指引》強調幼兒園根據社區和關係人的需要發展具備課本特色的課程，而新加坡《學前課程框架》則強調終身學習和21世紀能力的重要性，透過關鍵階段成囷培育幼兒成為有能力和樂於貢獻的未來公民。新加坡提出學職基礎的概念，價值觀、社交和情緒能力，以及學習性向貫通於五個學習領域中發展。同時，新加坡指出幼兒在多元文化社群中成長、遊戲和學習，通過母語教育培育幼兒的母語語文能力，以促進幼兒與文化社群成員間的溝通，並幫助幼兒建立文化身份和對不同文化的尊重，以連繫來自不同文化背景的人。　　研究指出香港《幼稚園教育課程指引》在實施方面正面臨挑戰，包括部份香港家長擔心遊戲學習可能影響幼兒對學術知識的掌握、幼師的世代差異不利遊戲學習的推行、幼兒園與小學課程的差異造成幼小銜接的困難，此外，香港幼兒園在提供足夠的人均空間和戶外學習空間方面存在限制。　　研究結果有助幼教育主管機關、幼兒教師以及國際教育比較研究者對香港和新加坡兩個地區所採用的幼教課程作出更深入的理解，並為臺灣在發展「2030年雙語國家」政策，如何在幼兒園推行有效的英語教學方面帶來啟示。　　This master`s thesis presents a comparative study of the early childhood education curriculum frameworks in Hong Kong and Singapore. The objective of the research is to understand and compare the content, as well as identify the similarities and differences between Hong Kong’s ‘Kindergarten Education Curriculum Guide’ (2017) and Singapore’s ‘Nurturing Early Learners’ (2022). The study also aims to explore the underlying reasons behind these similarities and differences and develop further discussions on early childhood education in Hong Kong, as well as insights into early childhood education in Taiwan. 　　Using the Bereday Comparative Study in Education methodology, the research examines Hong Kong’s ‘Kindergarten Education Curriculum Guide’ and Singapore’s ‘Nurturing Early Learners’. The key findings reveal that both regions have developed their curriculum frameworks based on the principle of developmentally appropriate practice (DAP), which emphasises the importance of tailoring education to the age, individual needs, and cultural context of young children. 　　While Hong Kong`s ‘Kindergarten Education Curriculum Guide’ emphasises the development of a school-based programme that responds to the needs of the community and stakeholders such as parents, Singapore’s ‘Nurturing Early Learners’ focuses on cultivating children who are prepared for lifelong learning and able to contribute to their nation as future citizens. Singapore`s ‘Nurturing Early Learners’ emphasises the development of values, social-emotional competencies, and learning dispositions across five learning areas. It also highlights the significance of growing, playing, and learning in a multicultural community, promoting the cultivation of children`s mother tongue proficiency to facilitate communication within cultural communities and foster cultural identity and appreciation, and help children establish respect for different cultures, in order to connect people from diverse cultural backgrounds. 　　However, challenges exist in the implementation of Hong Kong`s ‘Kindergarten Education Curriculum Guide’. Some Hong Kong parents express concerns that play-based learning may result in a perceived lack of academic rigor, potentially impacting children`s readiness for primary school, the generational differences among early childhood educators also pose challenges to the implementation of play-based learning. Furthermore, the differences between kindergarten and primary school curricula create difficulties in the transition from early childhood to primary education. Additionally, there are limitations in Hong Kong kindergartens in terms of providing sufficient per capita space and outdoor learning areas. 　　By examining the similarities and differences between Hong Kong’s ‘Kindergarten Education Curriculum Guide’ and Singapore’s ‘Nurturing Early Learners’, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of the educational approaches adopted in these regions. It provides insights into the factors influencing curriculum design and implementation, offering implications for policy-makers, educators, and stakeholders involved in early childhood education in both Hong Kong and Singapore, and provide insights for Taiwan on how to effectively implement English language instruction in preschools as part of the development of the `2030 Bilingual Nation` policy.
參考文獻:	中文文獻沈姍姍（2000）。國際比較教育學。臺北市：正中。沈美君（2009）。台灣與美國身心障礙兒童早期療育政策之比較研究。國立暨南國際大學比較教育學系碩士論文，南投縣。2022年4月26日取自https://hdl.handle.net/11296/38ns52 洪雯柔（2000）貝瑞岱比較教育研究方法之探析。臺北市：揚智文化。香港政府統計處（2017）。香港2016年中期人口統計主題性報告：少數族裔人士。2021年10月20日取自https://www.censtatd.gov.hk/en/data/stat_report/product/B1120100/attB11201002016XXXXB0100.pdf 香港香港教育局（2016）。免費優質幼稚園教育（香港教育局通告第7/2016號）。 2021年1月9日取自https://applications.edb.gov.hk/circular/upload/EDBC/EDBC16007C.pdf 香港香港衛生署、香港衛生防護中心（2018）。二至六歲幼兒體能活動指南。2023年2月10日取自https://www.startsmart.gov.hk/files/pdf/physical_guide_tc.pdf 香港教育局（2017）。表現指標（幼稚園）。2021年1月9日取自https://www.edb.gov.hk/attachment/tc/edu-system/preprimary-kindergarten/quality-assurance-framework/performance-indicators-pre-primary-institutions/PI_KG_TC.pdf 香港教育統籌局（2007）。學前教育新措施（香港教育統籌局通告第1/2007號）。2021年1月9日取自http://applications.edb.gov.hk/circular/upload/EMBC/EMBC07001C.pdf 香港教育統籌局、香港社會福利署（2003）。表現指標（學前機構）：兒童發展領域（第二版）。2021年1月9日取自http://www.edb.gov.hk/attachment/tc/sch-admin/sch-quality-assurance/performance- indicators/performance-indicators-pre-primary-institutions/cd_kgc2.pdf 香港教育統籌委員會（2000）。終身學習，全人發展：香港教育制度改革建議。2021年1月9日取自http://www.e-c.edu.hk/tc/reform/annex/Edu-reform-chi.pdf 香港教育署（1981）。小學教育及學前服務白皮書。2021年1月9日取自http://www.edb.gov.hk/attachment/sc/about-edb/publications-stat/major-reports/pried_c.pdf 香港教育署（1982）。香港教育透視：國際顧問團報告書。2021年1月9日取自http://www.edb.gov.hk/attachment/sc/about-edb/publications-stat/major-reports/perspe_c.pdf 香港教育署、香港社會福利署（2001）。表現指標（學前機構適用）：學與教領域（第二版）。2021年1月9日取自http://www.edb.gov.hk/attachment/tc/sch-admin/sch-quality-assurance/performance- indicators/performance-indicators-pre-primary-institutions/lt_kgc2.pdf 香港教育署、香港社會福利署（2002a）。表現指標（學前機構）：管理與組織領域（第二版）。2021年1月9日取自http://www.edb.gov.hk/attachment/tc/sch-admin/sch-quality-assurance/performance- indicators/performance-indicators-pre-primary-institutions/mo_kgc2.pdf 香港教育署、香港社會福利署（2002b）。表現指標（學前機構）：機構文化及給予兒童的支援領域（第二版）。2021年1月9日取自http://www.edb.gov.hk/attachment/tc/sch-admin/sch-quality-assurance/performance-indicators/performance-indicators-pre-primary-institutions/ss_kgc2.pdf 香港衛生署（2022）。幼營起動校園。2023年2月7日取自https://www.startsmart.gov.hk/tc/content.aspx?MenuID=2 香港課程發展委員會（1984）。幼稚園課程指引。2021年1月9日取自http://www.edb.gov.hk/attachment/tc/curriculum-development/major-level-ofedu/preprimary/1984.pdf 香港課程發展議會（1993）。幼稚園課程指引。2021年1月9日取自http://www.edb.gov.hk/attachment/tc/curriculum-development/major-level-of-edu/preprimary/1993.pdf 香港課程發展議會（1996）。學前教育課程指引。2021年1月9日取自http://www.edb.gov.hk/attachment/tc/ curriculum-development/major-level-of-edu/preprimary/kg_guide_chi.pdf 香港課程發展議會（2006）。學前教育課程指引。2021年1月9日取自http://www.edb.gov.hk/attachment/tc/curriculum-development/major-level-of-edu/preprimary/pre-primaryguide-net_tc.pdf 香港課程發展議會（2017）。學前教育課程指引。2021年1月9日取自https://www.edb.gov.hk/attachment/tc/curriculum-development/major-level-of-edu/preprimary/KGECG-TC-2017.pdf 張芳全（2012）。邁向科學化的國際比較教育。臺北市：心理。教育學券計劃檢討小組（2010）。教育學券計劃檢討報告。香港：香港教育統籌委員會。陳亮君（2010）。台灣與德國宗教教育政策之比較研究─以公立學校之義務教育階段為例。國立暨南國際大學比較教育學系碩士論文，南投縣。2022年4月26日取自https://hdl.handle.net/11296/ken468 彭新強（1999）。香港學校管理改革：回顧與展望。香港：香港中文大學教育學院。彭新強，林怡禮（2000）。學校如何面對教育制度改革方案的挑戰。香港：香港中文大學教育學院。黃身安（2017）。臺灣與韓國高中第二外語教育之比較研究。國立政治大學韓國語文學系碩士論文，臺北市。2022年4月26日取自https://hdl.handle.net/11296/6jy8f5 楊思偉（2007）。比較教育。臺北市：心理。賴嘉誼（2008）。臺美高中教育階段家政課程之比較研究。國立臺灣師範大學工業教育學系碩士論文，台北市。2022年4月26日取自https://hdl.handle.net/11296/z5jnu4 英文文獻 Bereday, G. Z. F. (1964). Comparative method in education. NY: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong (2020). Hong Kong annual digest of statistics (section 12 - education). Retrieved January 15, 2021, from https://www.censtatd.gov.hk/fd.jsp?file=B10101232020AN20B0100.pdf Chan, K. S., & Chan, L. (2003). Early childhood education in Hong Kong and its challenges. Early Child Development and Care, 173, 7–17. Cheung, R. (2016). The challenge of developing creativity in a chinese context: The effectiveness of adapting western creative pedagogy to inform creative practice. Pedagogy, Culture & Society, 24(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/14681366.2015.1087419 Choo, K., K. (2010). The shaping of childcare and preschool education in Singapore: From Separatism to Collaboration. International Journal of Child Care and Education Policy, 4(1), 23-34. de la Piedra, M. T., & Araujo, B. E. (2012). Literacies crossing borders: Transfronterizo literacy practices of students in a dual language program on the USA-Mexico border. Language and Intercultural Communication, 12(3), 214–229. doi:10.1080/14708477.2012.667416 Department of Statistics, Hong Kong (2010). Census of population 2010 advance census release. Retrieved November 29, 2021, from https://www.singstat.gov.sg/-/media/files/publications/cop2010/census_2010_advance_census_release/c2010acr.pdf Early Childhood Development Agency, Singapore (2019). Launch of Singapore preschool accreditation framework quality rating scale for 0-6 years. Retrieved 10, January 2021, from https://www.ecda.gov.sg/PressReleases/Pages/LAUNCH-OF-SINGAPORE-PRESCHOOL-ACCREDITATION-FRAMEWORK-(SPARK)-QUALITY-RATING-SCALE-FOR-0-6-YEARS-OLD.aspx Early Childhood Development Agency, Singapore (2020). Requirements for teacher certification. Retrieved January 15, 2021, from https://www.ecda.gov.sg/Documents/Requirements%20for%20Teacher%20Certification.pdf Early Childhood Development Agency, Singapore (2022a). About SPARK. Retrieved January 6, 2023, from https://www.ecda.gov.sg/sparkinfo/AboutSPARK Early Childhood Development Agency, Singapore (2022b). Core values. Retrieved January 9, 2023, from https://www.ecda.gov.sg/sparkinfo/core-values Early Childhood Development Agency, Singapore (2022c). Quality rating model. Retrieved January 9, 2023, from https://www.ecda.gov.sg/sparkinfo/quality-rating-model Early Childhood Development Agency, Singapore (2022d). Quality rating scale (QRS). Retrieved January 9, 2023, from https://www.ecda.gov.sg/sparkinfo/quality-rating-scale Early Childhood Development Agency, Singapore (2022e). SPARK certified preschools. Retrieved January 6, 2023, from https://www.ecda.gov.sg/sparkinfo/IamSPARKCertified Early Childhood Development Agency, Singapore (2022f). SPARK framework. Retrieved January 6, 2023, from https://www.ecda.gov.sg/sparkinfo/AboutSPARK/framework Ho, C. W. D. (2007). Policy of quality assurance in Hong Kong preschools. Early Child Development and Care, 177, 493–505. Ho, C.W. D. (2008). Exploring the definitions of quality early childhood programs in a market-driven context: Case studies of two Hong Kong preschools. International Journal of Early Years Education, 16, 223–236. International Bureau of Education (2011) World data on education. Retrieved November 29, 2021, from http://www.ibe.unesco.org/sites/default/files/Singapore.pdf. Kratoska, P., H. (2006). Concept of the border: nations, peoples and frontiers in asian history (2): Singapore, Hong Kong and the end of empire. International Journal of Asian Studies, 3(1), 1–19, doi: 10.1017\|S1479591405000197. Ku, H., B., Chan, K., W., & Sandhu, K. (2005). A research report on the education of South Asian ethnic minority groups in Hong Kong. Hong Kong: Centre for Social Policy Studies, Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. Lam B. H. (2015). Teacher professional development in Hong Kong compared to anglosphere: The role of confucian philosophy. Psychology, Society, & Education, 7(3), 295-310. Leung, N. L. S. (2012). A study of cross border students in Hong Kong: The new phenomenon of cross border students which arise from cross border birth. International Journal of Educational and Pedagogical Sciences, 6(4), 441–447, doi: 　 10.5281/zenodo.1334103 Li, H., Rao, N., & Tse, S. K. (2011). Bridging the gap: A longitudinal study of the relationship between pedagogical continuity and early chinese literacy acquisition. Early Years: An International Journal of Research and Development, 31(1), 57-70. Lim, M. Y. S., & Lim, A. (2017). Governmentality of early childhood education in Singapore: Contemporary issues. In: Rao N., & Zhou J., Sun J. (eds), Early Childhood Education in Chinese Societies. (pp. 185-215). Springer.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1004-4_12 Lim, S. M. (2018) Early Childhood Education and Development in Singapore. In: Fleer, M., & van Oers, B. (eds), International Handbook of Early Childhood Education. (pp. 649-661). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-0927-7_30 Lisenby, B., E. (2011). Early Childhood Education for Ethnic Minorities in Hong Kong: Parent Experience and Policy Support. Asia-Pacific Journal of research in early childhood education, 5(1), 69-90. Loper, K. (2004). Race and equality: A study of ethnic minorities in hong kong`s education system. Hong Kong: Centre for Comparative and Public Law, University of Hong Kong. Ministry of Education, Singapore (2013). Nurturing early learners framework. Retrieved 9, January 2021, from https://www.moe.gov.sg/docs/default-source/document/ education/preschool/files/nel-edu-guide-overview.pdf Ministry of Education, Singapore (2013a). Nurturing early learners educators` guide: Overview. Retrieved 10, January 2021, from https://www.nel.moe.edu.sg/qql/slot/u143/Resources/Downloadable/pdf/nel-guide/nel-edu-guide-overview.pdf Ministry of Education, Singapore (2013b). Nurturing early learners educators` guide: Aesthetics creative expression. Retrieved 10, January 2021, from https://www.nel.moe.edu.sg/qql/slot/u143/Resources/Downloadable/pdf/nel-guide/nel-edu-guide-aesthetics-creative-expression.pdf Ministry of Education, Singapore (2013c). Nurturing early learners educators` guide: Discovery of the world. Retrieved 10, January 2021, from https://www.nel.moe.edu.sg/qql/slot/u143/Resources/Downloadable/pdf/nel-guide/nel-edu-guide-discovery-of-theworld.pdf Ministry of Education, Singapore (2013d). Nurturing early learners educators` guide: Language literacy. Retrieved 10, January 2021, from https://www.nel.moe.edu.sg/qql/slot/u143/Resources/Downloadable/pdf/nel-guide/nel-edu-guide-language-literacy.pdf Ministry of Education, Singapore (2013e). Nurturing early learners educators` guide: Motor skills development. Retrieved 10, January 2021, from https://www.nel.moe.edu.sg/qql/slot/u143/Resources/Downloadable/pdf/nel-guide/nel-edu-guide-motor-skills-development.pdf Ministry of Education, Singapore (2013f). Nurturing early learners educators` guide: Numeracy. Retrieved 10, January 2021, from https://www.nel.moe.edu.sg/qql/slot/u143/Resources/Downloadable/pdf/nel-guide/nel-edu-guide-numeracy.pdf Ministry of Education, Singapore (2013g). Nurturing early learners educators` guide: Social emotional development. Retrieved 10, January 2021, from https://www.nel.moe.edu.sg/qql/slot/u143/Resources/Downloadable/pdf/nel-guide/nel-edu-guide-social-emotional-development.pdf Ministry of Education, Singapore (2013h). Nurturing early learners framework for mother tongue languages. Retrieved 10, January 2021, from https://www.nel.moe.edu.sg/qql/slot/u143/Resources/Downloadable/pdf/nel-framework/nel-framework-for-mtls.pdf Ministry of Education, Singapore (2021). MOE kindergarten brochure. Retrieved November 29, 2021, from https://www.moe.gov.sg/-/media/files/mk/moe-brochure-english-2021.pdf?la=en Ministry of Education, Singapore (2022). Nurturing early learners framework. Retrieved November 18, 2022, from https://www.nel.moe.edu.sg/qql/slot/u143/2022/Nuturing%20Early%20Learners%20Framework%202022_final.pdf Ministry of Education, Singapore (2022a). Retrieved November 18, 2022, from https://www.nel.moe.edu.sg/qql/slot/u143/2022/EG2022/EG%20Sneak%20Peek%20VSLD.pdf Ministry of Education, Singapore (2022b). A sneak peek at the educators’ guides for NEL framework 2022 Values, social and emotional competencies and learning dispositions. Retrieved November 18, 2022, from https://www.nel.moe.edu.sg/qql/slot/u143/2022/EG2022/EG%20Sneak%20Peek%20ACE.pdf Ministry of Education, Singapore (2022c). A sneak peek at the educators’ guides for NEL framework 2022 Discovery of the world. Retrieved November 18, 2022, from https://www.nel.moe.edu.sg/qql/slot/u143/2022/EG2022/EG%20Sneak%20Peek%20DOW.pdf Ministry of Education, Singapore (2022d). A sneak peek at the educators’ guides for NEL framework 2022 Health, safety and motor skills development. Retrieved November 18, 2022, from https://www.nel.moe.edu.sg/qql/slot/u143/2022/EG2022/EG%20Sneak%20Peek%20HSM.pdf Ministry of Education, Singapore (2022e). A sneak peek at the educators’ guides for NEL framework 2022 Language and literacy. Retrieved November 18, 2022, from https://www.nel.moe.edu.sg/qql/slot/u143/2022/EG2022/EG%20Sneak%20Peek%20LL.pdf Ministry of Education, Singapore (2022f). A sneak peek at the educators’ guides for NEL framework 2022 Language and literacy. Retrieved November 18, 2022, from https://www.nel.moe.edu.sg/qql/slot/u143/2022/EG2022/EG%20Sneak%20Peek%20NUM.pdf Ministry of Social and Family Development, Singapore (2016). One-in-three pre-schools now certified under singapore pre-school accreditation framework (SPARK). Retrieved January 6, 2023, from https://www.msf.gov.sg/media-room/Pages/One-in-three-pre-schools-now-certified-under-Singapore-Pre-school-Accreditation-Framework-(SPARK).aspx Pearson, E., & Rao, N. (2006). Early childhood education policy reform in Hong Kong: Challenges in effecting change in practices. Childhood Education, 82(6), 363–368. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/00094056.2006.10522863 Republic of Singapore (2017). Early childhood development centres act. Retrieved 10, January 2021, from https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Acts-Supp/19-2017/Published/20170511? DocDate=20170511 Tan, C. T. (2007). Policy developments in pre-school education in Singapore: a focus on the key reforms of kindergarten education. Asia-Pacific Journal of Research, 5(1), 91-122. Tan, C. T. (2017). Enhancing the quality of kindergarten education in Singapore: policies and strategies in the 21st century. International Journal of Child Care and Education Policy, 11(7), doi: 10.1186/s40723-017-0033-y Yang, W., & Li, H. (2018). Cultural ideology matters in early childhood curriculum innovations: A comparative case study of Chinese kindergartens between Hong Kong and Shenzhen. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 50(4), 560–585. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220272.2018.1428367 Yang, W., & Li, H. (2019). Early childhood curriculum in chinese societies: Policies, practices, and prospects. New York, NY: Routledge. Yuen, C. Y. M. (2010). Assimilation, integration and the construction of identity: The experiecne of Chinese cross-boundary and newly arrived students in Hong Kong schools. Multicultural Education Review, 2(2), 1–32.
描述:	碩士國立政治大學幼兒教育研究所 109157018
資料來源:	http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0109157018
数据类型:	thesis
显示于类别:	[幼兒教育研究所] 學位論文

文件中的档案:

档案	大小	格式	浏览次数
701801.pdf	2439Kb	Adobe PDF2	29	检视/开启

在政大典藏中所有的数据项都受到原著作权保护.

社群 sharing

著作權政策宣告 Copyright Announcement

1.本網站之數位內容為國立政治大學所收錄之機構典藏，無償提供學術研究與公眾教育等公益性使用，惟仍請適度，合理使用本網站之內容，以尊重著作權人之權益。商業上之利用，則請先取得著作權人之授權。
The digital content of this website is part of National Chengchi University Institutional Repository. It provides free access to academic research and public education for non-commercial use. Please utilize it in a proper and reasonable manner and respect the rights of copyright owners. For commercial use, please obtain authorization from the copyright owner in advance.

2.本網站之製作，已盡力防止侵害著作權人之權益，如仍發現本網站之數位內容有侵害著作權人權益情事者，請權利人通知本網站維護人員(nccur@nccu.edu.tw)，維護人員將立即採取移除該數位著作等補救措施。
NCCU Institutional Repository is made to protect the interests of copyright owners. If you believe that any material on the website infringes copyright, please contact our staff(nccur@nccu.edu.tw). We will remove the work from the repository and investigate your claim.

DSpace Software Copyright © 2002-2004 MIT & Hewlett-Packard / Enhanced by NTU Library IR team Copyright © - 回馈