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| Title: | 韓中字幕翻譯的簡化策略分析—以《與神同行》及其續作文本與譯者訪談為視角
Analysis of Simplification Strategies in Korean-Chinese Subtitling: A Perspective from the Texts of ";Along with the Gods";and Its Sequels and In-depth Interviews with Translators |
| Authors: | 黃鏡芸
Huang, Jing-Yun |
| Contributors: | 林侑毅
黃鏡芸
Huang, Jing-Yun |
| Keywords: | 韓中字幕翻譯
韓中電影翻譯
字幕翻譯簡化策略
譯者深度訪談
韓語翻譯教育
Korean-Mandarin translation
Korean-Mandarin subtitling
Simplification strategies in subtitling
In-depth interview
Korean translation education |
| Date: | 2023 |
| Issue Date: | 2023-08-02 14:07:14 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 在全球化發展下，韓國影視作品快速傳播之世界各地，台灣亦自1990年代起引進韓國影視作品，至今已有多部韓國戲劇與電影在台廣受觀眾喜愛，韓國影視作品因而在台灣的外國影視市場佔有一席地位。隨著翻譯的重要性日益提升，以及韓國影視作品在台灣的興盛發展，使得以中文與韓文為主軸的字幕翻譯相關研究，成為重要的研究課題。故本研究旨在探究韓國電影中文字幕的簡化現象，從理論與實務分析韓中字幕翻譯的簡化策略，以期能促進韓中字幕翻譯教學與譯者培養的發展。
本研究首先採用文獻分析法，梳理口筆譯以及字幕翻譯簡化策略相關研究，綜合西方早期研究，以及台韓以西方研究為基礎分析之字幕翻譯簡化策略，觀察到字幕翻譯的簡化策略包含語彙、語法、語意以及內容等多個面向。故本研究以上述發現為基礎，分析在台票房甚佳，較具代表性之電影《與神同行》及其續作，以上述兩部作品的韓語對白與中文字幕為文本，將韓中字幕翻譯簡化策略分為語言簡化、語意簡化以及內容簡化三大項，其中語言簡化又分為包含省略填充詞與感歎詞、省略稱謂語之語彙簡化，與包含句型轉換、省略連接詞以及配合目標語改變來源語範疇的語法簡化；語意簡化係指上位詞與近義詞的使用；內容簡化則指訊息簡縮、訊息省略與訊息刪除，其中訊息省略包含重複語句與重複語意的省略，訊息刪除則包含修飾語與次要訊息的刪除。
研究結果發現在語言簡化層面，首先語彙簡化主要聚焦於將不具實質語意、可透過影像的其他頻道補足，以及不符合目標語語言習慣之語彙省略或以其他語彙替代；語法簡化則主要將不符合目標語語言習慣之語法，透過句型的改寫與省略技法來達成簡化。語意簡化主要起因於字幕的訊息量過多，因而透過上位詞與近義詞的使用來降低訊息難度，進而達到簡化。內容簡化則聚焦於將具語意重疊性，以及可透過語境或影像其他頻道補足之訊息濃縮、省略或刪除，以減少字幕的冗言贅詞，進而達到簡化。
本研究進一步以上述理論層面之韓中字幕翻譯簡化策略為基礎，深度訪談翻譯《與神同行》及其續作之譯者，以探究實務層面之韓中字幕翻譯簡化策略。研究結果發現在語言簡化層面，語彙簡化係為降低訊息對觀眾觀影的干擾，以及避免兩國語言差異造成之翻譯腔；語法簡化則主要起因於字幕的線形特性，以及避免兩國語言差異造成之翻譯腔。語意簡化係為了降低字數以及消弭文化差異。內容簡化則係為了降低字幕字數，以及避免重複訊息的譯出。
綜合上述理論與實務之韓中字幕翻譯簡化策略，本研究進一步得出以下四項結論：1. 理論與實務皆重視提升譯文可讀性帶來之字幕簡化；2. 理論與實務皆強調減少譯出影像多重符號性造成之重複訊息；3. 實務較重視字數的控制；4. 實務較不傾向透過訊息的流失來簡化譯文。
本研究旨在從理論與實務分析韓中字幕翻譯的簡化策略，以探究簡化策略的運用對字幕翻譯帶來的影響，並透過與譯者的訪談，探討理論與實務的相關性，進而探尋簡化策略的理論該如何應用於實務翻譯中。本研究期待能起到拋磚引玉的作用，促進台灣韓中字幕翻譯相關研究的發展。
Since the 1990s, Taiwanese audiences have consistently shown a strong appreciation for Korean dramas and movies, resulting in their widespread popularity in the country. Consequently, Korean film and television productions have acquired a notable foothold within Taiwan`s international film and television industry. The significance of translation has been increasingly recognized, particularly in light of the flourishing Korean film and television industry in Taiwan. Consequently, scholarly attention has turned towards subtitle translation, specifically in the context of Mandarin and Korean languages. This research area has emerged as a crucial and noteworthy academic pursuit. Hence, the primary objective of this study was to investigate the phenomenon of simplification observed in subtitling, considering both theoretical and practical aspects. The primary objective was to enhance the advancement of Korean-to-Mandarin subtitling education and the training of translators.
This study has examined the commercial success and representative nature of the films "Along with the Gods" and its sequel in the Taiwanese box office. The corpus used in this study has consisted of the Korean dialogues and their corresponding Mandarin subtitles extracted from two films. This study has initially employed a literature analysis methodology to examine relevant studies on the simplification of interpretation, translation, and subtitling. The findings of the observation indicate that strategies for the simplification of subtitling encompass multiple dimensions, such as linguistic simplification, semantic simplification, and content simplification. Linguistic simplification encompasses the exclusion of fillers and interjections, as well as the omission of honorifics and titles. Additionally, it encompasses the manipulation of sentence structures, the exclusion of conjunctions, and the modification of the source language`s scope to align with the target language through the simplification of grammar. Semantic simplification involves the utilization of superordinate terms and synonyms. Content simplification involves condensing, omitting, and deleting messages. Omission refers to the exclusion of redundant sentences and redundant meaning, while deletion involves removing modifiers and secondary information.
The research findings have indicated that vocabulary simplification primarily involves the omission of terms that lack substantive meaning and can be supplemented visually, as well as the omission or substitution of vocabulary that does not adhere to the language norms of the target language. In contrast, the process of structural simplification primarily entails the modification of sentence structures and the utilization of omission strategies to streamline grammatical elements that deviate from the linguistic conventions of the intended language. The phenomenon of semantic simplification primarily arises due to an overabundance of information contained within subtitles. Consequently, the utilization of superordinate terms and synonyms is employed to mitigate the intricacy of the data, thereby facilitating its simplification. The process of content simplification involves reducing, excluding, or removing messages that contain unnecessary repetition or can be understood through context or visual channels. The objective of this reduction is to minimize redundant and repetitive language in subtitles, thereby accomplishing simplification.
This study has conducted in-depth interviews with translators of "Along with the Gods" and its sequels, building upon the theoretical framework mentioned earlier. The research findings have indicated that vocabulary simplification is employed to minimize interference with the audience`s viewing experience and mitigate the potential for translationese resulting from linguistic disparities between the two nations. In contrast, the process of structural simplification is predominantly driven by the linear structure of subtitles and seeks to mitigate the potential translationese that may arise from linguistic disparities between the source and target languages. Semantic simplification is utilized as a strategy to decrease word count and mitigate cultural disparities. The process of content simplification aims to minimize the quantity of subheadings and eliminate the translation of unnecessary or repetitive information.
Based on the integration of the aforementioned theoretical and practical strategies for the simplification of Korean-to-Mandarin subtitling, this research further derives the following four conclusions: 1. Both theoretical and practical approaches highlight the importance of simplifying subtitles in order to improve the readability of text; 2. Both theoretical and practical approaches prioritize the reduction of message repetition resulting from the presence of multiplicity of channels; 3. In practical application, there is a greater emphasis on the regulation of word count: 4. In practical application, there exists a diminished inclination to streamline the translation process at the expense of preserving the fluidity of conveyed information. |
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이맹요（2021）, 「적합성 이론에 근거한 중한 영상 자막 번역 전략 연구 : 영화 『먼 훗날 우리(後來的我們)』를 중심으로」, 한국외국어대학교 대학원, 석사학위논문.（Li, Meng-Yo，2021，「以關聯理論為基礎之中韓影像字幕翻譯策略研究：以電影『後來的我們』為中心」，韓國外國語大學 對外韓語翻譯研究所，碩士學位論文。）
李爽（2020）, 「한국 드라마 『SKY 캐슬』의 한중 자막 번역 전략 연구」, 충남대학교 대학원, 석사학위논문.（李爽，2020，「韓國戲劇『Sky Castle』的韓中字幕翻譯策略」，忠南大學 中語中文研究所，碩士學位論文。）
【韓】網路資料
온라인이슈팀, ’신과 함께’, 개봉 3일만에 130만 관객 돌파···박스오피스 1위, 「아시아경제」, 2017년12월23일.（網路話題組，’與神同行’，上映僅三日即突破130萬觀看人數，「亞細亞經濟」，2017年12月23日：https://cm.asiae.co.kr/ article/2017122312110359353）
KOBIS, 2022, 역대박스오피스. （KOBIS，2022，歷年電影票房：https://www.kobis.or.kr/ kobis/business/stat/offc/findFormerBoxOfficeList.do ）
’김계연, `신과 함께` 관객 1천만 돌파…한국영화 16번째(종합), 「연합뉴스」, 2018년1월4일.（Kim, Kye-Yeon，’與神同行觀看次數突破1千萬⋯韓國電影史上第16部（綜合），2018年1月4日：https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR2018010 3155851005）
나무위키，2022，장병 병영생활 도움제도（Namu Wiki，2022，官兵軍營生活協助制度：https://namu.wiki/w/%EC%9E%A5%EB%B3%91%20%EB%B3%91%EC%98% 81%EC%83%9D%ED%99%9C%20%EB%8F%84%EC%9B%80%EC%A0%9C%EB%8F%84）
【英】專書
Assis Rosa, A. (2001), Features of oral and written communication in subtitling, In Y.Gambier & H. Gottlieb (Eds.), (Multi)Media Translation: Concepts, practice, and research, Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Baker, M. (1992), In other words: A coursebook on translation, London and New York: Routledge.
Baker, M. (1998), Routledge encyclopedia of translation studies, London and New York: Routledge.
Barbara Fox (2010), Introduction., In Nino Amiridze, Boyd H. Davis,& Margaret Maclagan (Eds), Filler, Pauses and Placeholders, Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Brown, G., & Yule, G. (1983), Discourse analysis, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Gottlieb, H. (1992), Subtitling- A new university discipline, In C. Dollerup, & A. Loddegaard (Eds.), Teaching translation and interpretation: Training, talent and experience, Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins.（轉引自：楊承淑，2008，〈同步口譯與字幕翻譯之簡化原則〉，《編譯論叢》，第8卷，第1期，國家教育研究院。）
______, H. (1998), Subtitling, In Baker, M. (Ed.), Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies, London and New York: Routledge.
Klaudy, K. (1993), On Explicitation Hypothesis, in Baker, M. (1998), Routledge Encyclopedia of translation studies, London and New York: Routledge.
Kovačič Irena (1994), Relevance as a Factor in Subtitling Reduction, In Cay Dollerup and Annette Loddegaard (Eds.), Teaching Translation and Interpreting 2, Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Levenston, E. A. and Blum, Shoshana. (1977), Aspects of lexical simplification in the speech and writing of advanced adult learners, In P.S. Corder & E. Roulet (Eds.), The notions of simplification, Interlanguages and pidgins and their relation to second language pedagogy, Fac. de Lettres.（轉引自：Blum-Kulka, S., & Levenston, E. A. (1978), Universals of lexical simplification, language learning, Volume 28, Number 2.）
Nida, Eugene A (1964), Toward a Science of Translation, Leiden:E.J.Bril, pp.231-233.
Edward T. Hall(1976), Beyond culture, New York: Anchor Press/Double day.
Toury (1995), Descriptive Translation Studies and Beyond, Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Vanderauwera, Ria Dutch Novels Translated into English: The Transformation ofa `Minority`, Literature, Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1985.（引用自：Baker, M. (1998), Routledge encyclopedia of translation studies, London and New York: Routledge.）
Vinay, J. P., & Darbelnet, J.(1995), Comparative Stylistics of French and English: A methodology for translation, Amsterdam: Banjamins.
Sara Laviosa-Braithwaite (1998), Universals of Translation , In Baker, M. (Ed.), Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies, London/New York: Routledge.
Jorge Diaz Cintas and Aline Remael (2007), Audiovisual Translation: Subtitling, London and New York: Routledge.
Sperber, D. and Wilson, D (1995), Relevance: Communication and Cognition, Oxford and Cambridge: Blackwell.
Yves Gambier (2013), The position of audiovisual translation studies, The Routledge Handbook of Translation Studies, London: Routledge5.
【英】期刊論文
Blum-Kulka, S., & Levenston, E. A. (1978), Universals of lexical simplification, language learning, Volume 28, Number 2, pp.399-415.
Dagut, Menachem, B. (1971), A linguistic analysis of some semantic problems of Hebrew-English translation, Unpublished doctoral thesis, Jerusalem.（轉引自：Blum-Kulka, S., & Levenston, E. A. (1978), Universals of lexical simplification, language learning, Volume 28, Number 2, pp.399-415.）
Frederic Chaume (2004), Film Studies and Translation Studies: Two Disciplines at Stake in Audiovisual Translation, Meta, Volume 49, Number 1, pp.12-24.
Goldman-Eisler, Frieda (1972), Segmentation of input in simultaneous translation, Journal of psycholinguistic research, 1(2). New York: Plenum, pp.127-140.
Henri C. Barik, 1971, A Description of Various Types of Omissions, Additions and Errors of Translation Encountered in Simultaneous Interpretation, Meta, 16(4), pp.199-210.
Jakobson, R. (1959), On linguistic aspects of translation, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, pp.232-239.
Muffy E. A. Siegel (2002), Like: the Discourse Particle and Semantics, Journal of Semantics, pp.35-71.
John Honeyfield (1977), Simplification, Tesol Quarterly, Volume 11, Number 4, pp.431-440.
Mountford, Allan (1976), The notion of simplification: its relevance materials preparation for English for science and technology, In Jack C. Richards (ed.), English for Science and Technology, Singapore: Singapore University press for the SEAMO Regional English Language Centre, pp.9-20.（轉引自：Wen, T. H. (2009), Simplification as a Recurrent Translation Feature: A Corpus-based Study of Modern Chinese Translated Mystery Fiction in Taiwan, University of Manchester.）
Roberto Mayoral, Dorothy Kelly and Natividad Gallardo (1988), Concept of Constrained Translation. Non-Linguistic Perspectives of Translation, Translators’Journal , Volume 33, Number 3,pp.356-367.
【英】學位論文
Wen, T. H. (2009), Simplification as a Recurrent Translation Feature: A Corpus-based Study of Modern Chinese Translated Mystery Fiction in Taiwan, University of Manchester. |
| Description: | 碩士
國立政治大學
韓國語文學系
109557003 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0109557003 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| Appears in Collections: | [韓國語文學系] 學位論文
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