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    政大機構典藏 > 教育學院 > 教育學系 > 學位論文 >  Item 140.119/146519
    Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/146519


    Title: 混齡教育模式下幼兒學習與發展之研究——以台南市私立新樓幼兒園為例
    A Study on Children`s Learning and Development in Mixed-age Education: Taking Tainan Private Sin-Lau Kindergarten as an Example
    Authors: 楊恩慧
    Yang, En-Hui
    Contributors: 倪鳴香
    Ni, Ming-Shiang
    楊恩慧
    Yang, En-Hui
    Keywords: 混齡教育
    幼兒學習與發展
    年齡
    差異
    差異共構
    田野研究
    Mixed-age education
    Early childhood learning and development
    Age
    Difference
    Differential co-configuration
    Field research
    Date: 2023
    Issue Date: 2023-08-02 13:51:39 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 本研究聚焦混齡教育模式下幼兒的學習與發展問題,採取田野研究取徑,以台南市私立新樓幼兒園作為研究田野,藉由對幼兒在混齡教育模式下學習與發展樣貌的系統觀察,和對混齡班教師之訪談,探究幼兒在混齡教育模式下的學習與發展方式,理解「年齡」之於他們學習與發展的意義。
    通過厚描幼兒在新樓幼兒園的一日生活,以及他們在混齡生活、混齡教學以及混齡遊戲三種不同混齡教育場景下的學習與發展樣態,發現幼兒在混齡教育模式下的學習與發展方式涵括:年齡較大幼兒對於年齡較小幼兒「自上而下」的經驗傳承、年齡較小幼兒對於年齡較大幼兒「自下而上」的觀察模仿、不同年齡層幼兒之間「跨年齡組」的相互激發與合作探索、以及年齡較大幼兒對於年齡較小幼兒的反向學習。在此基礎上,本研究揭示出不同年齡幼兒之間「差異共構」的學習與發展特質,主張認知、社會性等方面的內在經驗或能力強度之差異是不同年齡幼兒之間對話的基礎,也是他們之間之所以能夠透過經驗傳承、觀察模仿、相互激發、合作探索等方式進行學習與發展的觸發機制與內在動力。透過「差異共構」的論述,幼兒的學習與發展不再如階段理論所認為的隨「年齡」自然增長而漸次展開的普適性梯階上升過程,而是一個在自身既有經驗的基礎上,透過與周遭環境,以及不同經驗、不同能力狀況之同齡或異齡同儕的差異性交流與互動,而不斷地豐富、調整與重構自身經驗,從而使自身經驗得以增長和優化的個殊化建構的過程。
    而幼兒「差異共構」的學習與發展,實非混齡教育模式之必然,還需仰賴一定的教育理念與教育行動來推動。本研究認為,推動幼兒「差異共構」學習與發展的教育理念與行動主要為:(一)消解爭競,將教室當作一個「家」來經營;(二)拆解單元,創設多元環境開放幼兒自由選擇;(三)解構標準,以個殊化的眼光看待與評量幼兒;(四)降解權威,轉換角色支持幼兒的主體性學習。事實上,這些教育理念與行動亦是混齡教育的核心要旨,由此出發,可以對當前幼兒園混齡教育實務中普遍存在的「不知如何混」、「為混而混」及或「形混而神分」等問題,提出如下優化建議:首先,混齡的關鍵不在「年齡」的混合,而在看得見個體間的「差異」;其次,混齡不應成為教師的刻意安排,而應成為幼兒的自然生活;再次,混齡的優化不能僅靠片面的方法調整,而需要對整個教育生態進行系統更新。
    This study used the field research method and took Tainnan Private Sin-Lau Kindergarten as its field site, examined the learning and development modes of young children in mixed-age education through systematic children observation and interviews with mixed-age teachers. It also understood the significance of "age" in the learning and development of young children.
    Through the description of children`s daily life in Sin-Lou Kindergarten and their learning and development patterns in three different mixed-age education scenarios, including mixed-age life activities, mixed-age teaching activities and mixed-age play activities, it is discovered that children`s learning and development modes in the mixed-age education include: "top-down" experiential transmission from older children to younger children, "bottom-up" observation and imitation from younger children to older children, "cross-age" mutual stimulation and cooperative exploration among children of different ages, and "reverse learning" of older children from younger children. Based On this, this study further uncovered the "differential co-construction" learning and development traits of young children of various ages. Differential levels of internal experience or aptitude, such as cognition and sociality, served as the foundation for conversation among young children of different ages. These differences also act as triggering mechanisms and internal motivators for young children’s learning and development. According to "differential co-construction" children`s learning and development are no longer a process of universality gradually increasing with "age" as suggested by stage theories, but rather a process of communication and interaction with the surrounding environment and peers of the same age or different age based on their own existing experience and abilities, and a unique process of constantly enhancing, modifying, and recreating one`s own experience in order to maximize and improve it.
    However, the "differential co-construction" is not the inevitable result of mixed-age education model, but the promotion of specific educational concepts and actions, such as: (1) resolving conflicts and managing the classroom as a "home" (2) disassembling the unit to create a diverse environment open to children`s free choice; (3) deconstructing the standard, treating and evaluating children from a special perspective; (4) degrading authority and changing roles to support children`s subjective learning. In actuality, the foundational elements of mixed-age schooling are these educational ideas and practices. In light of these, we can propose the following optimization recommendations for the issues of "don`t know how to mixed-age," "mixed-age for mixed-age," and "form mixed-age but content divide" that frequently occur in the setting of kindergarten mixed-age education. First of all, the key to mixed-age education situations is not the mix of "ages," but rather the "differences" Secondly, mixed-age should become a natural part of children`s lives rather than an intentional choice made by teachers; Thirdly, updating the entire education ecological system is necessary in order to optimize mixed-age education rather than merely using one-sided adjustment techniques.
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