English  |  正體中文  |  简体中文  |  Post-Print筆數 : 27 |  Items with full text/Total items : 113303/144284 (79%)
Visitors : 50796768      Online Users : 811
RC Version 6.0 © Powered By DSPACE, MIT. Enhanced by NTU Library IR team.
Scope Tips:
  • please add "double quotation mark" for query phrases to get precise results
  • please goto advance search for comprehansive author search
  • Adv. Search
    HomeLoginUploadHelpAboutAdminister Goto mobile version
    Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/143901


    Title: 中亞去俄羅斯化的脈絡-以哈薩克斯坦和烏茲別克斯坦作分析
    Study of the De-Russification Policy in Central Asia -Comparing the Language Policy of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan
    Authors: 李姿宜
    Lee, Tzu-I
    Contributors: 趙竹成
    李姿宜
    Lee, Tzu-I
    Keywords: 哈薩克斯坦
    烏茲別克斯坦
    去俄羅斯化
    字母拉丁化
    國族建構
    Latinization of the alphabet,
    Nation-building
    Kazakhstan
    Uzbekistan
    De-Russification
    Date: 2022
    Issue Date: 2023-03-09 18:53:52 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 中亞五國自從俄羅斯帝國時期,便一直處於俄羅斯的影響力之下,尤其以蘇聯時期為巔峰,不僅是語言、文化、政治等方面皆受到俄羅斯的影響很深。因此中亞在蘇聯解體之後,紛紛開始著手去俄羅斯化的政策,並希望在這過程中逐步建立國內主體民族的民族意識,最終達到建立民族國家的目的。本論文選定哈薩克以及烏茲別克作為探討的案例,主要原因在於兩者為中亞的首要兩個大國,因此較其他國家具代表性,且資料和文獻也相對充足。此外,兩國前後相差30年頒訂字母拉丁化的政策,值得作為對照組作為參考。
    本論文採取文獻研究法為主,田野調查為輔的方式進行研究,並透過歷史背景的脈絡來分析中亞深受俄羅斯文化影響的原因。本論文分別探討兩國在獨立之後,於不同的領域開展其去俄羅斯化的政策,主要以文化符號和語言政策作為探討的例子。除此之外,由於烏茲別克已經實施30年的字母拉丁化的政策,因此在烏茲別克的章節輔以本文作者實地走訪當地採訪的幾位當地人的想法作為佐證。
    最後本研究發現,儘管兩國皆已經實施去俄羅斯化政策多年,但是仍舊無法完全根除俄羅斯文化,甚至是俄語對於兩國的影響力。一方面是因為中亞本身民族多元,因此俄語在當中作為族際交際語的功能,影響力仍然相當大。另一方面是,經濟的因素,使得哈薩克與烏茲別克無法完全根絕與俄羅斯的聯繫。俄語和俄羅斯之於中亞國家的人民是發展較好及專業度較高的國家,至今仍然許多當地人就讀俄語學校,畢業之後到俄羅斯發展。因此,兩國無法在短時間內達到去俄羅斯化的目標,文化和語言相關的政策需要時間發展。
    The Central Asian countries have been under the influence of Russia since the period of the Russian Empire, especially during the Soviet period. Not only their language, culture, and politics have been deeply influenced by Russia. Therefore, after the disintegration of the Soviet Union, Central Asia began to embark on the policy of de-Russifiaation, hoping to gradually establish the national consciousness of the titular ethnic groups in the process, and finally achieve the goal of establishing a nation-state. This thesis selects Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan as the case studies, mainly because they are the two major countries in Central Asia, so they are more representative than other countries, and the materials are relatively sufficient. In addition, the 30-year difference between the two countries enacted the Latinization of the alphabet policy, which is worthy of reference as a comparison group.
    This research mainly adopts the method of literature research, supplemented by field investigation, and analyzes the reasons why Central Asia is deeply influenced by Russian culture through the context of historical background. This article discusses the de-Russification policies of the two countries in different fields after independence, mainly taking cultural symbols and language policies as examples. In addition, because Uzbekistan has implemented a policy of Latinizing the alphabet for 30 years, the chapters in Uzbekistan are supplemented by the ideas of several local people interviewed by the author of this article.
    Finally, this thesis finds that although both countries have implemented the de-Russification policy for many years, they still cannot completely eradicate the influence of Russian culture and even Russian language on the two countries. On the one hand, because of the ethnic diversity in Central Asia, Russian still has a considerable influence as an inter-ethnic communication language. On the other hand, economic factors make it impossible for Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan to completely eradicate their ties with Russia. The Russian language and the people of the Central Asian countries are relatively well-developed and highly professional countries. Many locals still attend Russian-language schools and go to Russia to develop after graduation. Therefore, the two countries cannot achieve the goal of de-Russification in a short period of time, and policies related to culture and language will take a long time to develop.
    Reference: 中文 參考書目
    丁篤本。2007。中亞通史-現代卷,新疆﹔人民出版社。
    王治來。2010。中亞史,北京:人民出版社。
    王維芳。2007。「哈薩克斯坦獨立後的民族問題:以哈薩克族與俄羅斯族為例(1991-1996)」。政大民族學報,第26期,頁23-52。
    王寧、薛曉源。1998。哈薩克獨立後民族認同之發展,北京: 中央編譯。
    中國社會科學院俄羅斯東歐中亞研究所。2007。俄羅斯東歐中亞研究所卷,北京: 經濟管理,頁424-434。
    田成鹏。2015。「哈薩克 “三語政策” 及其影響分析」,新疆大學學報,第43期,頁 75-79。
    肖聰榕。2021。「探析國徽設計的歷史流變」。工業設計,第3期,頁66-67。
    孟楠 。2000。俄國統治中亞政策研究,新疆:新疆大學出版社。
    許湘濤。2008。俄羅斯及其周邊情勢之研究,台北:秀威資訊出版社。
    傑連杰耶夫:征服中亞史,北京:商務印刷館,第一卷。
    張寧。2012。哈薩克斯坦獨立後的政治經濟發展(1991-2011),上海:上海大學出版社。
    孫治本。2001。全球化與民族國家挑戰與回應,台北:巨流。
    陳光興。1996。「去殖民化的文化研究」,台灣社會研究季刊,第21期,頁 73-139。
    陳亞玲。2004。「哈薩克的俄羅斯人與俄哈雙邊關係發展之研究(1991-1996)」。政治大學碩士學位論文,台北。
    陳原。2001。語言與社會生活-社會語言學,台北 : 台北商印書館。
    陳聯壁、劉庚岑、吳宏偉。2002。中亞民族與宗教問題,北京:中央民族大學。
    黃建銘。2015。臺灣首都空間治理困境的突破:副首都論。東吳政治學報,第33期,頁1-75。
    葛永光。1993。文化多元主義與國家整合-兼論中國認同的形成與挑戰,台北:正中。
    張宏莉、張玉豔。2010。「語言法: 塔吉克斯坦 “去俄羅斯化”的新發展」,俄羅斯中亞東歐研究,第4期,頁25-30。
    羅玉婷。2009。「哈薩克獨立後民族認同之發展」,清雲科技大學碩士學位論文,桃園。
    羅志平。2005。民族主義理論、類型與學者,台北: 旺文社。
    董天美。2019。 「中亞國家語言政策的選擇及評價」, 俄羅斯東歐中亞研究, 第5期, 頁 109-122。
    劉庚岑。2007。「中亞國家的民族政策: 理論與實踐」,俄羅斯東歐中亞研究所卷。
    劉國勝、程靜。2015。中亞五國憲法制度概論。北京:智慧財產權出版社。
    Anderson, Benedict 。吳叡人譯。1999。想像的共同體,台北: 時報文化。
    Durkheim, E。芮傳明、趙學元譯。2007。宗教生活的基本形式,台北:桂冠。
    Gellner, Ernest。李金梅譯。2000。國族主義,台北: 聯經。
    Gellner, Ernest。李金梅譯。2001。國族與國族主義,台北: 聯經。
    Harman, Chris。 白曉紅譯。2001。民族問題的重返,台北: 前衛。
    Hobsbawm, Eric。顧杭、龐冠群譯。2002。傳統的發明,南京:譯林出版社。
    德尼-赫恩·陳,2018,哈薩克斯坦舉國更換文字的代價,BBC中文網。
    https://www.bbc.com/ukchina/trad/vert-cap-43990248. 檢閱於2020/11/21。
    趙竹成,2018,由基里爾字母到拉丁字母-哈薩克斯坦的文字改革,自由評論網。https://talk.ltn.com.tw/article/breakingnews/2423745. 檢閱於2020/12/12。
    英文參考書目
    Abdirashidov, Zaynabidin. (2018). Known and Unknown Fiṭrat: Early Convictions and Activities. Acta Slavica Iaponica. vol. (37). pp. 109-111.
    Abdusatarov, R. K. (2021). On Mass Media and State Language. Current Research Journal of Philological Sciences, 2(08), pp.4-10.
    Amanbayeva, G.Y., Shigabiyeva A.I. (2011). On prospects of Russian language sociolinguistic monitoring in Kazakhstan. Karaganda University Bulletin, Серия «Филология».4(64), pp.31-32.
    Adle, Chahryar. (2005). History of Civilizations of Central Asia: Towards the contemporary period: from the mid-nineteenth to the end of the twentieth century. UNESCO. pp. 470–477.
    Aminov, K. (2010). Language Use and Language Policy in Central Asia. Central Asia Regional Data Review, 2(1), pp.1-29.
    Aitymbetov, Nurken. (2015). Nation-Building in Kazakhstan: Kazakh and Kazakhstani Identities Controversy. Bilig - Turk DunyasI Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 74(74), pp.1-20.
    Akynova, Damira. (2014). Language Choice among the Youth of Kazakhstan: English as a Self-Representation of Prestige. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences (143) pp. 228–232.
    Berdikeeva, Saltanat. (2006). National Identity in Kyrgyzstan: The Case of Clan Politics.
    Berdikeeva, Saltanat. (2006). National Identity in Kyrgyzstan: The Case of Clan Politics. Eurasia vol. (21), pp. 1-21.
    Burkhanov, A. (2017). Kazakhstan`s national identity building policy: Soviet legacy,state efforts, and societal reactions. Cornell International Law Journal, 50(1), pp. 1-14.
    Bennigsen, Alexandre. (1969). Colonization and Decolonization in the Soviet Union. Journal of Contemporary History, 4(1), pp. 141-151.
    Bennigsen, Alexandre; Broxup, Marie. (2014). The Islamic Threat to the Soviet State (Routledge Revivals). Routledge.
    Brubaker, Rogers. (2011) Nationalizing states revisited: projects and processes
    of nationalization in post-Soviet states, Ethnic and Racial Studies, vol. 34 (11), pp.1785-1814.
    Bursa, G.R.F. (1985). Political Changes of Names of Soviet Towns. The Slavonic and East European Review, Vol. 63(2), pp. 161-193.
    Dadabaev, Timur. (2013). Recollections of emerging hybrid ethnic identities in Soviet Central Asia: the case of Uzbekistan. Nationalities Papers, 41(6), 1026–1048.
    Ceruio, Karen A. (1993). Symbols and the World System: National Anthems and Flags. Sociological Forum, VoL 8 (2), p. 245.
    Cameron, Sarah. (2016). The Kazakh Famine of 1930-33: Current Research and New Directions. East/West: Journal of Ukrainian Studies. 3(2), pp. 120-121.
    Clarence-Smith, W. G. (2006). Islam and the Abolition of Slavery. London: Oxford University Press.
    Conquest. (1990). The great terror : a reassessment / Robert Conquest. Oxford University Press.
    Devlet, Nadi̇r. (2004). " Studies in the Politics, History and Culture of Turkic Peoples". jadid movement in Volga-ural region. Istanbul: Yeditepe University.
    Dinç, Deniz. (2010). Nationality Policies in Post-Soviet Kazakhstan, Middle East Technical University.
    Eden, Jeffrey. (2016). Slavery and Empire in Central Asia.Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University, Graduate School of Arts &Sciences.
    Faranda, R.; Nolle, D. B. (2011). Boundaries of ethnic identity in Central Asia: titular and Russian perceptions of ethnic commonalities in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 34(4), 620–642.
    Fierman. (1991). Soviet Central Asia : the failed transformation / edited by William Fierman ; with a foreword by Teresa Rakowska-Harmstone. Westview Press.
    Gellner, Ernest. (1983), Nations and Nationalism (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press).
    Hierman, B.; Nekbakhtshoev, N. (2014). Whose land is it? Land reform, minorities, and the titular “nation” in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan. Nationalities Papers, 42(2), pp. 336–354.
    Glenn, John. (1999). The Soviet legacy in Central Asia. pp. 77-79.
    Göktürk, Deniz; Soysal, Levent; Türeli, İpek. (2010). Orienting Istanbul: Cultural capital of Europe, London: Routledge.
    Grenoble, Lenore. (2003). Language Policy in the Soviet Union. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
    Hofmeister, Ulrich. (2016), Civilization and Russification in Tsarist Central Asia, 1860–1917, Journal of World History, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp. 411- 442.
    Hosking, Geoffrey. (1997). Russia: people and empire,1552-1917, Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press.
    Huskey, E. (2003). National identity from scratch: Defining Kyrgyzstan’s role in world affairs. Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics, 19(3), pp. 111–138.
    Injigolyan, A.A. (2014). Sociolinguistic policy in the Republic of Kazakhstan: cultural aspect. Karaganda University Bulletin, Серия «История. Философия». 1(73), pp.19-24.
    Jones, Nathan Paul. (2010). “Assembling” a Civic Nation in Kazakhstan: The Nation-Building Role of the Assembly of the Peoples of Kazakhstan. Caucasian Review of International Affairs, Vol. 4 (2), pp. 159-168.
    Kasikci, Mehmet. (2019). The Soviet and the Post-Soviet: Street Names and National Discourse in Almaty. Europe-Asia Studies, 71. pp. 1-22.
    Kesici, O. (2011). The dilemma in the nation-building process: The kazakh or kazakhstani nation. Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe, 10(1), PP. 31-58.
    Karimov, Islam. (1998). Uzbekistan on the Threshold of the Twenty-First Century. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
    Kissane, Carolyn. (2005). History education in transit: where to for Kazakhstan? Comparative Education, 41(1), pp.45-69.
    Kokaisl, P. (2013). Soviet Collectivisation and Its Specific Focus on Central Asia. Agris on-line Papers in Economics and Informatics. vol. 5(4), pp. 1-13.
    Kolstø, Pål. (1999). Nation Building and Ethnic Integration In Post-soviet Societies: An Investigation Of Latvia And Kazakhstan. Colorado, USA: Westview Press.
    Kosmarskaya, N. (2015). The Russian language in Kyrgyzstan: changing roles and inspiring prospects. Russian Journal of Communication, 7(2), pp. 217–222.
    Komarov, Oleg. (2014). Sociological study of the language situation in Kazakhstan (on the data of Asana city). Life Science Journal, 11(10), pp.254-259.
    Kubicek, Paul. (1997). Regionalism, nationalism and Realpolitik in central Asia,
    Europe-Asia Studies, 49(4), pp.637-655.
    Kurzman, Charles. (1999). Uzbekistan: The invention of nationalism in an
    invented nation, Critique: Journal for Critical Studies of the Middle East, 8(15), pp.77-98.
    Laruelle. M. (2012). The paradigm of nationalism in Kyrgyzstan. Evolving narrative, the sovereignty issue, and political agenda. Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 45(1-2), pp. 39–49.
    Liddicoat, A. J. (2019). Language-in-education policy in the Central Asian republics of Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. In A. Kirkpatrick & A. J. Liddicoat (Eds.), The Routledge international handbook of language education policy in Asia (pp. 452-470). New York: Routledge.
    Matley, I. M. (1970). The Golodnaya Steppe: A Russian Irrigation Venture in Central Asia, Geographical Review, 60(3), pp.328-346.
    Matuszkiewicz, Renata. (2010). The language issue in Kazakhstan –institutionalizing new ethnic relations after independence. Economic and Environmental Studies, 10 (2), pp. 211-227.
    Marlène, Laruelle. (2012) The paradigm of nationalism in Kyrgyzstan. Evolving narrative, the sovereignty issue, and political agenda. Communist and Post-Communist Studies. 45 (1-2), pp. 39–49.
    Mellon, James G. (2010) Myth, Legitimacy and Nationalism in Central Asia, Ethnopolitics, vol 9(2), p.144.
    Mkrtchyan, Narek. (2014). The Notion of “Kazakhness” Behind the Symbolic Nation-Building of Kazakhstan. CEU Political Science Journal,9(1-2), pp.16-38.
    Mkrtchyan, Narek. (2017). New Language Policy of Kazakhstan: A Project of Kazakhization? Contemporary Eurasia, 4(1), pp.106-119.
    Nurtazina, Nazira. (2012). "Great Famine of 1931-1933 in Kazakhstan: A Contemporary’s Reminiscences". Acta Slavica Iaponica 32, pp.105-129.
    Orusbaev, Abdykadyr. (2008). Multilingualism, Russian Language and Education in Kyrgyzstan, International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 11(3), pp.476-500.
    Pavlenk, Aneta. (2011). Linguistic russification in the Russian Empire: peasants into Russians? Russ Linguist. (2011) 35(3), pp.331–350.
    Paleczek, Rasuly; Gabriele; Katschnig, Julia. (2005). Central Asia on Display: Proceedings of the VII. Conference of the European Society for Central Asian Studies, Münster: LIT Verlag.
    Pelkmans, M. (2007). “Culture” as a tool and an obstacle: missionary encounters in post-Soviet Kyrgyzstan. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 13(4), pp. 881–899.
    Reuel, R. (2011). Crisis in Kyrgyzstan: conundrums of ethnic conflict,
    national identity and state cohesion, Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, 13:2, pp. 177-187.
    Rico Isaacs, Abel Polese. (2015). Between "imagined" and "real" nation-building: identities and nationhood in post-Soviet Central Asia. Nationalities Papers, 43(3), pp. 371-382.
    Richard A, Pierce (1960). Russian Central Asia, 1867-1917: A Study in Colonial Rule, University of California Press.
    Roy, Olivier. (2000). The New Central Asia: The Creation of Nations. London: I. B. Tauri.
    Schatz, Edward (2000). The Politics of Multiple Identities: Lineage and Ethnicity in Kazakhstan, Europe-Asia Studies, 52(3), pp. 489-506.
    Seymour, Becker. (2004). Russia`s Protectorates in Central Asia: Bukhara and Khiva, 1865-1924, Routledge Curzon: London.
    Shinji, Ido. (2014). Bukharan Tajik. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 44(01), pp. 87-102.
    Smagulova, Juldyz (2006). Kazakhstan. Innovation, 19(3-4), pp. 303-320.
    Smagulova, Juldyz (2008). Language Policies of Kazakhization and Their Influence on Language Attitudes and Use. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, Volume 11, p.166-201.
    Smith, Anthony. (1991). National Identity (Reno: University of Nevada Press).
    Stalin, Joseph, "The national question and Leninism" (1929). PRISM: Political & Rights Issues & Social Movements.
    Surucu, Cengiz. (2002). Modernity, Nationalism, Resistance: Identity Politics in Post-Soviet Kazakhstan, Central Asian Survey, 21(4), pp. 385-402.
    Surname, N. (2020). The Influence of Akhmet Baitursynov’s Literary Publicistic Heritage on The Spiritual Development of Kazakh People at The Beginning of The XXth Century. Journal of History Culture and Art Research, 9(4), 286-297.
    Toleubayev, Kazbek (2007). Locust Control in Transition: The Loss and Reinvention of Collective Action in Post-Soviet Kazakhstan. Ecology and Society 12(2), p.38.
    Tuminez, A. S. (2003). Nationalism, Ethnic Pressures, and the Breakup of the Soviet Union. Journal of Cold War Studies. 5(4). P. 93.
    Wachtel, A. (2016). A Tale of Two Heroes: Kyrgyzstan in Search of National Role Models. Region: Regional Studies of Russia, Eastern Europe, and Central Asia 5(1), pp. 1-16.
    Weeks, Theodore R. (2004). Russification: Word and Practice 1863-1914. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 148(4), pp. 471-489.
    Weeks, Theodore R. (2010). Russification / Sovietization.in: European History Online (EGO), published by the Institute of European History (IEG), Mainz 2010-12-03.
    Yeskeldiyeva, Bibigul, Tazhibayeva. Saule (2015). Multilingualism in Modern Kazakhstan: New Challenges. Asian Social Science, 11(6), pp.56-64.
    Yensenov, K. A., Naimanbayev B. R., Aldabergenov K. M., Malikova S. Z., Bakhtorazov, S. U. History of Famine in Kazakhstan (1931-1933). - Palarch’s Journal of Archaeology of Egypt 17(3), pp.622-633.
    Zemskov, V.N. (1990). Special settlements. Sociological research.
    Zharkynbekova, Sholpan (2015). Cultural and language self-identification of ethnic minority groups in Kazakhstan. Sociolinguistic Studies, 9.2(3), pp.289-314.
    Zharmukhamed, Zardykhan (2004) Russians in Kazakhstan and demographic
    change: imperial legacy and the Kazakh way of nation building, Asian Ethnicity, vol.5(1), pp. 61-79.

    外文電子資源
    Cotton This Week. (2005). International Cotton Advisory Committee. https://web.archive.org/web/20120213101011/http://www.icac.org/cotton_info/publications/samples/weekly_estimates/8february05.pdf. 檢閱於2021/10/11。
    Dicken, Mark. (1990). Soviet Language Policy in Central Asia. p. 4.
    https://www.academia.edu/398257/Soviet_Language_Policy_In_Central_Asia.
    Earthquakes in Kazakhstan since 1950. https://www.worlddata.info/asia/kazakhstan/earthquakes.php. 檢閱於2021/09/29。
    Galiev, Anuar. (1998). Traditional Institutions in Modern Kazakhstan. https://src-h.slav.hokudai.ac.jp/sympo/97summer/galiev.html。檢閱於2021/09/22。
    Kazakhstan renames capital Nur-Sultan in honor of veteran leader. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-kazakhstan-capitalcity-idUSKCN1R40FY。檢閱於2022/02/11。
    Kazakhstan renames capital Nur-Sultan in honor of veteran leader. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-kazakhstan-capitalcity-idUSKCN1R40FY.檢閱於 2022/05/21。
    Kazakhs Raise Curtain on Remote New Capital, but Many Ask Why. https://www.nytimes.com/1998/06/11/news/kazakhs-raise-curtain-on-remote-new-capital-but-many-ask-why.html,檢閱於2021/01/21。
    Lillis, Joanna. (2010). Astana Follws Thorny Path toward National Unity. https://eurasianet.org/astana-follows-thorny-path-toward-national-unity. 檢閱於2022/09/14。
    Tugelbai Sydykbekov. https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Tugelbai+Sydykbekov.檢閱於2022/10/11。
    State Symbols of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
    https://www.uwed.uz/en/pages/State-Symbols-of-the-Republic-of-Uzbekistan.檢閱於2022/07/10。
    Rub El Hizb – Ancient Islamic Symbol. https://symbolsage.com/rub-el-hizb-islamic-symbol/.檢閱於2022/07/10。
    What Exactly Is Novruz Bayram? https://web.archive.org/web/20110514214646/http://www.azerbaijantoday.az/ARCHIVE/12/life1.html. 檢閱於2022/03/25。
    World War II -- 60 Years After: For Some Central Asians, `Great Patriotic War` Is More Controversial Than Ever. https://www.rferl.org/a/1058790.html. 檢閱於2022/03/27。
    Асылбек М.Х.; Асылбекова Ж.М. Население Казахстана между Всесоюзными переписями населения 1926 г. и 1939 г. https://iie.kz/?p=4615&lang=ru
    Ассамблея народа Казахстана. https://elbasy.kz/ru/assambleya-naroda-kazakhstana. 檢閱於2022/09/13。БАЙРОҚ,https://web.archive.org/web/20211115232130/https://parliament.gov.uz/uz/flag/. 檢閱於2022/03/10。
    Всесоюзная перепись населения 1959 года. Национальный состав населения по республикам СССР. http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng_nac_59.php, 檢閱於2022/07/13。
    Герб Республики Казахстан. https://www.akorda.kz/ru/state_symbols/kazakhstan_emblem. 檢閱於2022/04/17。
    Гимн Республики Казахстан.
    https://www.akorda.kz/ru/state_symbols/kazakhstan_anthem. 檢閱於2022/04/10。
    Государственная символика. Правительственный Портал Республики Узбекистан. https://www.gov.uz/ru/pages/symbols
    Договор между Республикой Казахстан и Российской Федерацией о правовом статусе граждан Республики Казахстан, постоянно проживающих на территории Российской Федерации, и граждан Российской Федерации, постоянно проживающих на территории Республики Казахстан. Постановление Верховного Совета Республики Казахстан от 28 февраля 1995 года N 317. https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/B950000317_.檢閱於2021/10/17。
    День украинского языка. Как уничтожали украинский язык в Украине. https://www.6262.com.ua/news/1435967/den-ukrainskogo-azyka-kak-unictozali-ukrainskij-azyk-v-ukraine. 檢閱於2021/11/25。
    Закон Республики Узбекистан, от 21.10.1989 г. № 3561-XI. https://lex.uz/ru/docs/108915. 檢閱於2022/03/22。
    Закон Республики Узбекистан, от 02.09.1993 г. № 931-XII.https://lex.uz/ru/docs/11228.
    Закон Республики Узбекистан, от 30.04.2004 г. № 621-II. https://lex.uz/ru/docs/206712?ONDATE=07.07.2004%2000#207434. 檢閱於2022/04/17。
    Закон Республики Узбекистан, от 10.04.2020 г. № ЗРУ-615. https://lex.uz/docs/4784621檢閱於2022/10/13。
    Как Выжили Казахский Язык Из Казахстана. https://qazaquni.kz/sayasat/8827-kak-vyizhili-kazahskiy-yazyik-iz-kazahsta. 檢閱於2022/11/25。
    Конституция Республики Казахстан. Веpховный Совет Республики Казахстан от 28 янваpя 1993 года. https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/K930001000_. 檢閱於2022/09/26。
    Национально-государственное Размежевание. Большая российская энциклопедия. https://bigenc.ru/domestic_history/text/3919244.檢閱於2022/02/12。
    Н. П. ИнфоРост. Постановление ЦК ВКП(б) и СНК СССР «Об обязательном изучении русского языка в школах национальных республик и областей». 13 марта 1938 г.
    Казахстан от 17 сентября 2022 года № 1017. https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/U2200001017. 檢閱於2022/09/23。
    Конституционный закон Республики Казахстан от 16 декабpя 1991 года. https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/Z910004400_. 檢閱於2022/09/19。
    О Государственном Флаге Республики Узбекистан. 烏茲別克斯坦共和國國家立法數據庫,https://lex.uz/docs/57181?ONDATE=18.12.2004. 檢閱於2022/03/10。
    О Государственном Гербе Республики Узбекистан. https://lex.uz/ru/docs/17771. 檢閱於2022/03/10。
    О создании памятника Амира Темура. https://lex.uz/ru/docs/519911. 檢閱於2022/03/22。
    О госудаpственной независимости Республики Казахстан
    О Создании Международного Общественного Фонда Имени Алишера Навои . https://lex.uz/ru/docs/5260749. 檢閱於2022/03/23。
    О Памятнике В.и. Ленину На Площади «мустакиллик». https://lex.uz/ru/docs/272414. 檢閱於202203/22。
    О переименовании города Нур-Султана – столицы Республики Казахстан в город Астану – столицу Республики Казахстан, Указ Президента Республики
    О Государственном Гимне Республики Узбекистан. 烏茲別克斯坦共和國國家立法數據庫,https://lex.uz/ru/docs/1780. 檢閱於2022/03/10。
    О госудаpственной независимости Республики Казахстан
    Конституционный закон Республики Казахстан от 16 декабpя 1991 года. https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/Z910004400_.檢閱於2022/03/17。
    О переименовании города Нур-Султана – столицы Республики Казахстан в город Астану – столицу Республики Казахстан, Указ Президента Республики Казахстан от 17 сентября 2022 года № 1017. https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/U2200001017. 檢閱於2022/04/05。
    Конституция Республики Казахстан. Веpховный Совет Республики Казахстан от 28 янваpя 1993 года. https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/K930001000_.檢閱於2022/04/17。
    О переименовании города Нур-Султана – столицы Республики Казахстан в город Астану – столицу Республики Казахстан. https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/U2200001017. 檢閱於2022/08/07。
    Об Ассамблее народа Казахстана. Закон Республики Казахстан от 20 октября 2008 года № 70-IV. https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/Z080000070_. 檢閱於2022/09/15。
    Об Итогах Проведения Народного Праздника Навруз. https://lex.uz/ru/docs/764811. 檢閱於2022/03/25。
    Об Объявлении 9 Мая — Днем Памяти И Почестей. https://lex.uz/ru/docs/212471. 檢閱於2022/08/07。
    Постановление Верховного Совета Республики Узбекистан, от 07.05.1993 г. № 877-XII. https://lex.uz/ru/docs/232820. 檢閱於2022/04/22。
    Постановление Кабинета Министров Республики Узбекистан, от 10.02.2021 г. № 61. https://lex.uz/ru/docs/5286710. 檢閱於2022/04/29。
    Постановление Верховного Совета Республики Узбекистан, от 02.09.1993 г. № 932-XII. https://lex.uz/ru/docs/125412#edi1248286. https://lex.uz/ru/docs/125412. https://lex.uz/ru/docs/125412?ONDATE=12.10.1993%2000#190419. 檢閱於2022/04/17。
    Постановление Президента Республики Узбекистан, от 04.10.2019 г. № ПП-4479. https://lex.uz/docs/4664624. 檢閱於2022/05/08。
    Праздничное поздравление народу Узбекистана. https://president.uz/ru/lists/view/3908. 檢閱於2022/05/08。
    Сирота, ставший классиком казахской литературы. Часть 1. https://e-history.kz/ru/news/show/4562/ .檢閱於2022/04/22。
    Сколько всего памятников Ленину? http://lenin.tilda.ws/skolko.
    Turkey: The Sixteen Great Turkish Empires. http://fotw.fivestarflags.com/tr_imp4.html.檢閱於2022/03/15。
    Указ Президента Республики Узбекистан, от 20.10.2020 г. № УП-6084. https://lex.uz/ru/docs/5058375. 檢閱於2022/05/17。
    Указ Президента Республики Узбекистан, от 21.10.2019 г. № УП-5850. https://lex.uz/ru/docs/4561747. 檢閱於2022/04/17。
    Школьная Реформа 1958 Г. И Национальное Образование. https://fundamental-research.ru/ru/article/view?id=5938.檢閱於2021/11/25。
    Ўзбекистон Республикаси Вазирлар Маҳкамасининг қарори, 24.08.1995 йилдаги 339-сон. https://lex.uz/docs/1625271. 檢閱於2022/04/17。
    «Самое позднее, через два года мы полностью перейдём на латиницу» - Иномжон Азимов о проблемах алфавита. https://kun.uz/ru/news/2020/11/04/samoye-pozdneye-cherez-dva-goda-my-polnostyu-pereydyom-na-latinitsu-inomjon-azimov-o-problemax-alfavita. 檢閱於2022/04/27。
    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    中東與中亞研究碩士學位學程
    108560007
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0108560007
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[中東與中亞研究碩士學位學程] 學位論文

    Files in This Item:

    File Description SizeFormat
    000701.pdf6964KbAdobe PDF20View/Open


    All items in 政大典藏 are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved.


    社群 sharing

    著作權政策宣告 Copyright Announcement
    1.本網站之數位內容為國立政治大學所收錄之機構典藏,無償提供學術研究與公眾教育等公益性使用,惟仍請適度,合理使用本網站之內容,以尊重著作權人之權益。商業上之利用,則請先取得著作權人之授權。
    The digital content of this website is part of National Chengchi University Institutional Repository. It provides free access to academic research and public education for non-commercial use. Please utilize it in a proper and reasonable manner and respect the rights of copyright owners. For commercial use, please obtain authorization from the copyright owner in advance.

    2.本網站之製作,已盡力防止侵害著作權人之權益,如仍發現本網站之數位內容有侵害著作權人權益情事者,請權利人通知本網站維護人員(nccur@nccu.edu.tw),維護人員將立即採取移除該數位著作等補救措施。
    NCCU Institutional Repository is made to protect the interests of copyright owners. If you believe that any material on the website infringes copyright, please contact our staff(nccur@nccu.edu.tw). We will remove the work from the repository and investigate your claim.
    DSpace Software Copyright © 2002-2004  MIT &  Hewlett-Packard  /   Enhanced by   NTU Library IR team Copyright ©   - Feedback