政大機構典藏-National Chengchi University Institutional Repository(NCCUR):Item 140.119/143707
English  |  正體中文  |  简体中文  |  Post-Print筆數 : 27 |  Items with full text/Total items : 113318/144297 (79%)
Visitors : 51011445      Online Users : 885
RC Version 6.0 © Powered By DSPACE, MIT. Enhanced by NTU Library IR team.
Scope Tips:
  • please add "double quotation mark" for query phrases to get precise results
  • please goto advance search for comprehansive author search
    •  Adv. Search
    Home ‧ Login ‧ Upload ‧ Help ‧ About ‧ Administer Goto mobile version


    Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/143707


    Title: 二十一世紀法國與非洲關係是否為新殖民主義？以馬利和象牙海岸為例
    France – Africa Relations in the 21st Century: A form of Neo-Colonialism? The Cases of Mali and Côte d`Ivoire
    Authors: 陳慷妮
    Chen, Kang-Ni
    Contributors: 張文揚
    Chang, Wen-Yang
    陳慷妮
    Chen, Kang-Ni
    Keywords: 新殖民主義
    法非關係
    馬利
    象牙海岸
    Neocolonialism
    France – Africa Relations
    Mali
    Côte d`Ivoire
    Date: 2023
    Issue Date: 2023-03-09 18:10:13 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 本論文旨在討論二十一世紀法國與非洲國家的關係是否為新殖民主義，目前相關研究有正反雙方論述，但作者認為須從較全面的角度，亦即同時探討軍事和經濟層面，並細分為不同面向檢視。本文研究方法以個案研究法為主，文本分析法為輔，研究對象為兩個前法國殖民地：馬利與象牙海岸，而不是非前殖民地，以便能對比法國於 1960 年代起被冠上新殖民主義時的作為，而這些作為是否於2007 年至 2017 年 - 薩科齊與歐蘭德總統任內再次出現。本文的核心主張為法國在非洲的作為，以軍事層面而言，並不具有新殖民主義的特徵，然而，經濟方面，尤其針對進出口商品的結構，以及對外援助金額之分配，仍保有新殖民主義的色彩，但非洲國家對於法國的依賴程度已大幅降低，也有較高程度的自主性，隨著時間演變，法國於非洲的勢力也將更加減退。
    This study aims to explore whether French-African relations in the 21st century can be described as neo-colonialism. Though there are two sides to this argument, the author believes that this subject must be analyzed from a more thorough point of view, considering both the military and economic aspects. These aspects are later respectively divided into three different indicators. This study mainly adopts the case study approach and uses textual analysis as a supplement. With the focus on former French colonies, including Mali and Côte d`Ivoire instead of non-French colonies, the study aims to compare and contrast France’s relations with these countries in the 1960s to distinguish whether neo-colonialist actions resurfaced from 2007 to 2017, namely during Sarkozy and Hollande’s presidential terms.
    This study argues that France’s actions in Africa, in terms of military aspects, cannot be coined as neo-colonialism. On the other hand, with regards to economic aspects, especially the main import and export products between France vis-à-vis Mali and France vis-à-vis Côte d`Ivoire, and the allocation of foreign aid, neo-colonialism is still apparent. Nonetheless, African countries have become less dependent on France throughout the years and generally enjoy a greater degree of autonomy. As time goes by, France’s influence on the continent will also gradually decrease.
    Reference: 中文參考文獻
    聯合國。2011。「聯合國安全理事會第 1975(2011)號決議。」 https://documents- dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N11/284/75/PDF/N1128475.pdf?OpenElement (December 6, 2022).
    聯合國。2012。 「聯合國安全理事會第 2085(2012)號決議。」 https://documents- dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N12/660/66/PDF/N1266066.pdf?OpenElement (December 6, 2022).
    「查德總統德比作戰身亡 38 歲兒子接棒掌權。」 2021。中央通訊社 CNA. https://www.cna.com.tw/news/firstnews/202104200370.aspx (April 10, 2022).
    徐子軒。2020。 「西非恐怖沙漠:薩赫爾『聖戰衝突』惡化的暴力循環。」 聯 合新聞網 轉角國際 udn Global. https://global.udn.com/global_vision/story/8663/4288819 (April 11, 2022).
    「法國終結駐軍馬利 打擊非洲激進勢力轉進尼日。」 2022。中央通訊社 CNA. https://www.cna.com.tw/news/aopl/202202170383.aspx (April 11, 2022).
    英文參考文獻
    Abatan, Ella, and Yolanda Spies. 2016. “African Solutions to African Problems? The AU, R2P and Côte d’Ivoire.” South African Journal of International Affairs 23(1): 21–38.
    Aboussou, Dadoua. 2019. Kwame Nkrumah and Félix Houphouët-Boigny: Divergent Perspectives on African Independence and Unity. Newcastle upon Tyne, UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
    Africanews. 2020. “African Problems Must Be Solved by Africans – Ramaphosa.” https://www.africanews.com/2020/02/07/69frica69-problems-must-be-solved-by- africans-ramaphosa/ (May 29, 2022).
    Amies, Nick, Ute Schaeffer, Ibrahim Tounkara, and Dirk Koepp. 2010. “Ivory Coast in Crisis.” DW. https://www.dw.com/en/ivory-coast-violence-escalates-over-power- impasse/a-6298651 (December 1, 2022).
    Amnesty International UK. 2010. “Deadly Raid on Ivory Coast Opposition HQ Condemned.” https://www.amnesty.org.uk/press-releases/deadly-raid-ivory- coast-opposition-hq-condemned (December 1, 2022).
    Athow, Brian, and Robert G. Blanton. 2002. “Colonial Style and Colonial Legacies: Trade Patterns In British And French Africa.” Journal of Third World Studies 19(2): 219–41.
    Banégas, Richard. 2014. “France’s Intervention Policy in Africa Seen from Below: Some Thoughts on the Case of Côte d’Ivoire.” European Review of International Studies 1(3): 60–79.
    Bassett, Thomas J., and Scott Straus. 2011. “Defending Democracy in Côte d’Ivoire: Africa Takes a Stand.” Foreign Affairs 90(4): 130–40.
    Bax, Pauline, and Steve Rhinds. 2011. “Ivory Coast’s Ouattara Asks UN to Neutralize Gbagbo Weapons – Bloomberg.” Bloomberg. https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:https://www.bloomberg .com/news/articles/2011-04-11/ivory-coast-s-ouattara-asks-united-nations-to- neutralize-gbagbo-weapons (December 3, 2022).
    BBC News. 2010. “ECOWAS Bloc Threatens Ivory Coast’s Gbagbo with Force.” https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-12077298 (December 1, 2022).
    Bellamy, Alex J., and Paul D. Williams. 2011. “The New Politics of Protection? Côte d’Ivoire, Libya and the Responsibility to Protect.” International Affairs 87(4): 825–50.
    Bergamaschi, Isaline. 2013. “French Military Intervention in Mali: Inevitable, Consensual yet Insufficient.” Stability 2(2): 1–11.
    Bergamaschi, Isaline, and Mahamadou Diawara. 2014. “The French Military Intervention in Mali: Not Exactly Françafrique but Definitely Post-Colonial.” In Peace Operations in the Francophone World: Global Governance Meets Post- Colonialism, London: Routledge., 137–52.
    Boduel, Chantelle et al. 2019. Shifting Development Aid Narratives: Whose Interests Are Being Served? Global Health Advocates France (GHA). https://www.ghadvocates.eu/wp-content/uploads/policy_brief_shifting_dev_WEB-1.pdf (November 2, 2022).
    Bovcon, Maja. 2011. “Françafrique and Regime Theory.” European Journal of International Relations 19(1): 5–26.
    Chafer, Tony. 2001. “French African Policy in Historical Perspective.” Journal of Contemporary African Studies 19(2): 165–82.
    Chafer, Tony. 2002. “Franco‐African Relations: No Longer So Exceptional?” African Affairs 101(404): 343–63.
    Chafer, Tony. 2014. “Hollande and Africa Policy.” Modern & Contemporary France 22(4): 513–31.
    Charbonneau, Bruno. 2008a. France and the New Imperialism: Security Policy in Sub- Saharan Africa. Aldershot, England; Burlington, VT: Ashgate.
    Charbonneau, Bruno. 2008b. “Dreams of Empire: France, Europe, and the New Interventionism in Africa.” Modern & Contemporary France 16(3): 279–95.
    Chirot, Daniel. 2006. “The Debacle in Cote d’Ivoire.” Journal of Democracy 17(2): 63–77.
    CNN. 2011a. “President-Elect: Ivory Coast’s Alassane Ouattara.”
    http://www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/africa/04/08/ivory.coast.ouattara/index.html (November 30, 2022).
    CNN. 2011b. “French Take Control of Key Ivory Coast Airport.” http://www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/africa/04/03/ivory.coast.unrest/index.html (December 3, 2022).
    Cristiani, Dario, and Riccardo Fabiani. 2013. “The Malian Crisis and Its Actors.” The International Spectator 48(3): 78–97.
    Crook, Richard C. 1989. “Patrimonialism, Administrative Effectiveness and Economic Development in Côte d’Ivoire.” African Affairs 88(351): 205–28.
    Crumley, Bruce. 2011. “Anatomy of an Intervention: Why France Joined the U.N. Action in Abidjan.” Time. http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2063613,00.html (December 3, 2022).
    D’haese, Tinike. 2017. “Mobilising Domestic Resources to Help Mali’s Poorest Populations: The Role of French Development Aid.” : 1–23.
    Daddieh, Cyril K. 2001. “Elections and Ethnic Violence in Côte d’Ivoire: The Unfinished Business of Succession and Democratic Transition.” African Issues 29(1/2): 14–19.
    Daly, John C. K. 2014. “Counterterrorism or Neo-Colonialism? The French Army in Africa.” Terrorism Monitor 12(5): 6–10.
    Dash, Leon. 1979. “Ivory Coast’s Prosperity Is Unique in Black Africa.” Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1979/12/25/ivory-coasts- prosperity-is-unique-in-black-africa/ebf61d6f-8780-4612-84bf-433c8ae91839/ (November 30, 2022).
    Dean, John Gunther. 2000. “John Gunter Dean Oral History.” https://www.jimmycarterlibrary.gov/research/john_g_dean.
    Dietz, Ton, Chibuike Uche, and Nel de Vink. 2017. “Africa’s International Trade 2001-2016: Boom and Bust.” African Studies Centre Leiden. https://www.ascleiden.nl/news/thematic-map-africas-international-trade-2001-2016-boom-and-bust (February 25, 2022).
    Durokifa, Anuoluwapo Abosede, and Edwin Chikata Ijeoma. 2018. “Neo-Colonialism and Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in Africa: A Blend of an Old Wine in a New Bottle.” African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development 10(3): 355–66.
    El-Khawas, Mohamed A., and Julius Ndumbe Anyu. 2014. “Côte d’Ivoire: Ethnic Turmoil and Foreign Intervention.” Africa Today 61(2): 41–55.
    Élysée.fr. 2017. “Emmanuel Macron’s Speech at the University of Ouagadougou.” https://www.elysee.fr/en/emmanuel-macron/2017/11/28/emmanuel-macrons- speech-at-the-university-of-ouagadougou (February 25, 2022).
    Erforth, Benedikt. 2020. “Multilateralism as a Tool: Exploring French Military Cooperation in the Sahel.” Journal of Strategic Studies 43(4): 560–82.
    Fabricius, Peter. 2020. Is West Africa’s Eco Currency Just an Echo of the Colonial Past? ISS. ISS Today. https://issafrica.org/iss-today/is-west-africas-eco-currency-just- an-echo-of-the-colonial-past (April 11, 2022).
    Faleiro, Eduardo. 2012. “Colonialism, Neo-Colonialism and Beyond.” World Affairs 16(4): 12–17.
    Filippov, V. R. 2015. “Uranium Factor in France’s Foreign Policy towards Africa.” European Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences (2): 171–85.
    France 24. 2010. “UN Cites ‘massive’ Rights Abuses in Post-Election Violence.” https://www.france24.com/en/20101219-un-cites-massive-rights-violations- pillay-abductions-election-violence-gbagbo-ouattara-ivory-coast (December 1, 2022).
    France 24. 2011. “UN and French Forces Attack Gbagbo Positions.” https://www.france24.com/en/20110411-un-french-forces-attack-gbagbo- positions-abidjan-ouattara-missiles-ivory-coast (December 1, 2022).
    France 24. 2012a. “Hollande Says No French Troops in Mali Offensive.” https://www.france24.com/en/20121011-france24-exclusive-interview-france- president-francois-hollande-africa-dr-congo (October 5, 2022).
    France 24. 2012b. “Ouattara, Sarkozy Sign Security Deal in Paris.” https://www.france24.com/en/20120126-ouattara-ivory-coast-sarkozy-france- treaty (December 1, 2022).
    France 24. 2012c. “UN Resolution Paves Way for Military Intervention in Mali.” https://www.france24.com/en/20121013-mali-un-resolution-paves-way-military- intervention-mali-ecowas-africa-union-united-nations (October 4, 2022).
    France 24. 2013. “France Joins Fight against Mali Islamists, Hollande Says.” https://www.france24.com/en/20130111-france-hollande-prepared-intervene- mali-islamists-un-military-au (December 4, 2022).
    France 24. 2021. “French Military Facing Growing Protests in Sahel.” https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20211130-french-military-facing- growing-protests-in-sahel (April 10, 2022).
    France 24. 2022. “Mali’s Junta Seeks Review of ‘Unbalanced’ Defence Deal with France.” https://www.france24.com/en/ 74 frica/20220118-mali-s-junta-seeks- review-of-unbalanced-defence-deal-with-france (December 4, 2022).
    Gazeley, Joe. 2022. “The Strong ‘Weak State’: French Statebuilding and Military Rule in Mali.” Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding 16(3): 269–86.
    GlobalSecurity.org. “Ivory Coast – French Relations.” https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/74frica/iv-forrel-fr.htm (November 27, 2022).
    Gregory, Shaun. 2000. “The French Military in Africa: Past and Present.” African Affairs 99(396): 435–48.
    Griffin, Christopher. 2016. “Operation Barkhane and Boko Haram: French Counterterrorism and Military Cooperation in the Sahel.” Small Wars & Insurgencies 27(5): 896–913.
    Haag, Diana. 2012. “Mechanisms of Neo-Colonialism: Current French and British Influence in Cameroon and Ghana.” SSRN Electronic Journal. http://www.ssrn.com/abstract=2033138 (December 5, 2022).
    Hara, Fabienne, and Gilles Yabi. 2013. “Côte d’Ivoire, 2002–2011.” In Responding to Conflict in Africa, ed. Jane Boulden. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 145–75. Harshe, Rajen. 1980. “French Neo-Colonialism in Sub-Saharan Africa.” India
    Quarterly 36(2): 159–78.
    Hazard, John N. 1967. “Mali’s Socialism and the Soviet Legal Model.” The Yale Law Journal 77(1): 28–69.
    Hird, Alison. 2022. “Does France’s Emphasis on Nuclear Power Guarantee Its Energy Independence?” RFI. https://www.rfi.fr/en/ 75 frica/20220223-does-nuclear- power-guarantee-france-s-energy-independence-uranium-imported-niger-macron- russia (February 25, 2022).
    Holsti, Ole R. 1969. Content Analysis for the Social Sciences and Humanities. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
    Kanti, Madi Ibrahim. 2013. “The French Intervention in Mali.” African Perspectives: Reports 11(38): 19–22.
    Khawas, Mohamed A. El-, and Julius Ndumbe Anyu. 2014. “Cote d’Ivoire: Ethnic Turmoil and Foreign Intervention.” Africa Today 61(2): 41–56.
    Kieh, G. K. 2012. “Neo-Colonialism: American Foreign Policy and the First Liberian Civil War.” The Journal of Pan-African Studies 5(1): 164–84.
    Kitissou, Marcel. 2014. “The Economy of Forces: France in the Sahel and the Global Power Play.” In The Sahel: Focus of Hope, Focus of Fear, Adonis & Abbey Publishers Ltd.
    Konkobo, Lamine. 2017. “African Protests over the CFA ‘Colonial Currency.’” BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-41094094 (April 10, 2022).
    Labbé, Jérémie, and Arthur Boutellis. 2013. “Peace Operations by Proxy: Implications for Humanitarian Action of UN Peacekeeping Partnerships with Non-UN Security Forces.” International Review of the Red Cross 95(891–892): 539–59.
    Langan, Mark. 2018. “Neo-Colonialism and Nkrumah: Recovering a Critical Concept.” In Neo-Colonialism and the Poverty of “Development” in Africa, Contemporary African Political Economy, Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
    Larémont, Ricardo. 2013. “After the Fall of Qaddafi: Political, Economic, and Security Consequences for Libya, Mali, Niger, and Algeria.” Stability 2(2): Art. 29.
    Lee, J. M. 1969. African Armies and Civil Order. London: Chatto & Windus for the Institute for Strategic Studies.
    Lounnas, Djallil. 2013. “The Regional Fallouts of the French Intervention in Mali.” Mediterranean Politics 18(2): 325–32.
    Marchesin, Philippe. 2016. “The Securitization of Aid: The Case of France.” In The Securitization of Foreign Aid, Rethinking International Development series, Palgrave Macmillan London, 64–84.
    Martin, Guy. 1985. “The Historical, Economic, and Political Bases of France’s African Policy.” The Journal of Modern African Studies 23(2): 189–208.
    Martin, Guy. 1986. “The Franc Zone, Underdevelopment and Dependency in Francophone Africa.” Third World Quarterly 8(1): 205–35.
    Martin, Guy. 2001. “France’s African Policy in Transition: Disengagement and Redeployment.” Colección. 2001, 7 Edición especial: África Subsahariana. https://repositorio.uca.edu.ar/handle/123456789/10161 (December 5, 2022).
    McGowan, Grace. 2020. “21st Century Françafrique in Côte d’Ivoire : A Study on Modern French Neocolonialism.” Veritas 2: 50–60.
    Medushevskiy, Nikolay A, and Alisa R Shishkina. 2021. “Modern French Policy on the African Continent: Transformations of a Françafrique Model.” Journal of Asian and African Studies 57(6): 1141–57.
    Melly, Paul, and Vincent Darracq. 2013. “A New Way to Engage? French Policy in Africa from Sarkozy to Hollande.” London: Chatham House: 1–25.
    Meyer, Angela. 2009. “Regional Conflict Management in Central Africa: From FOMUC to MICOPAX.” African Security 2(2–3): 158–74.
    Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs. 2021. “The New Africa-France Summit, Reinventing Our Relationship Together.” France Diplomacy. https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/country-files/ 77 frica/the-new-africa-france- summit-reinventing-our-relationship-together/ (February 25, 2022).
    Ministry of Foreign and European affairs. 2011. “Development Cooperation: A French Vision.” https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/read/32489657/development- cooperation-a-french-vision-agence-franaaise-de- (December 6, 2022).
    Moncrieff, Richard. 2012. “French Relations with Sub-Saharan Africa Under President Sarkozy.” South African Institute of International Affairs (107): 1–46.
    Nkrumah, Kwame. 1965. Neo-Colonialism: The Last Stage of Imperialism. New York: International Publishers.
    Nyabola, Nanjala. 2021. “When Will Chad Be Free – of France?” New Internationalist. https://newint.org/features/2021/06/08/view-africa (April 10, 2022).
    Obi, Cyril, ed. 2007. Perspectives on Côte d’Ivoire: Between Political Breakdown and Post-Conflict Peace. Uppsala: Nordic Africa Institute.
    OCHA. 2011. “United Nations Humanitarian Chief Alarmed at Deterioration in Côte d’Ivoire – Côte d’Ivoire | ReliefWeb.” https://reliefweb.int/report/c%C3%B4te- divoire/united-nations-humanitarian-chief-alarmed-deterioration-c%C3%B4te- divoire (November 26, 2022).
    OECD. “Aid (ODA) Disbursements to Countries and Regions [DAC2a].” https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=TABLE2A (December 6, 2022).
    OHCHR. 2003. “Security Council Calls for Full Implementation of Côte D’Ivoire Peace Agreement, Unanimously Adopting Resolution 1464 (2003).” https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2009/10/security-council-calls-full- implementation-cote-divoire-peace-agreement (November 30, 2022).
    Olivié, Iliana, and Aitor Pérez. 2021. “Whose and What Aid Securitisation? An Analysis of EU Aid Narratives and Flows.” Third World Quarterly 42(8): 1903–22.
    Onuoha, Freedom C, and Alex Thurston. 2013. Report: Franco-African Military Intervention in the Mali Crisis and Evolving Security Concerns. Al Jazeera Center for Studies.
    Pambazuka News. 2011. “Africa: All-African Peoples’ Conference Statement on Neocolonialism.” https://www.pambazuka.org/global-south/ 78 frica-all-african- peoples-conference-statement-neocolonialism (May 8, 2022).
    Pilkington, Ed, David Smith, and Selay Kouassi. 2011. “Laurent Gbagbo’s Forces Fired on by UN Attack Helicopters.” The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/apr/04/ 78 frica 78 -gbagbo-un-attack- helicopters (December 3, 2022).
    Profant, Tomáš. 2010. “French Geopolitics in Africa: From Neocolonialism to Identity.” Perspectives 18(1): 41–61.
    Quinn, John James, and David J. Simon. 2006. “Plus Ça Change, ...: The Allocation of French ODA to Africa During and After the Cold War.” International Interactions 32(3): 295–318.
    Reed, Michael C. 1987. “Gabon: A Neo-Colonial Enclave of Enduring French Interest.” The Journal of Modern African Studies 25(2): 283–320.
    Renou, Xavier. 2002. “A New French Policy for Africa?” Journal of Contemporary African Studies 20(1): 5–27.
    Reuters. 2010. “Analysis: France Caught in Ivory Coast Political Dilemma.” https://jp.reuters.com/article/us-ivorycoast-france-idUKTRE6BL2TD20101222 (November 30, 2022).
    Reuters. 2011a. “ECOWAS Calls for Strict UN Sanctions on Ivory Coast.” https://www.reuters.com/article/ivorycoast-ecowas-idAFLDE72N1TV20110324 (November 28, 2022).
    Reuters. 2011b. “France Joins U.N. Action in Ivory Coast.” https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ivorycoast-france-action- idUSTRE73364Q20110404 (December 3, 2022).
    Reuters. 2013. “France’s Hollande Offers Africa New Aid and Trade Ties.” https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-africa-france-trade- idUKBRE9B30V220131204 (December 4, 2022).
    Reuters. 2014. “Mali and France Sign New Defence Agreement.” https://www.reuters.com/article/ozatp-uk-mali-france- idAFKBN0FM0IH20140717 (December 4, 2022).
    RFI. 2012. “Côte d’Ivoire President Ouattara to Sign Military Accord on Paris Visit.” https://www.rfi.fr/en/africa/20120125-cote-divoire-president-ouattara-sign- military-accord-paris-visit (December 3, 2022).
    RFI. 2016. “France to Boost Military Presence in Côte d`Ivoire.” https://www.rfi.fr/en/africa/20160430-france-boost-military-presence-cote-ivoire- 0 (December 3, 2022).
    RFI. 2017. “Mali’s Keita Hails ‘loyal’ Hollande at France-Africa Summit.” https://www.rfi.fr/en/africa/20170115-malis-keita-hails-loyal-hollande-france- africa-summit (October 3, 2022).
    RFI. 2019. “Victims of Bouaké Airstrikes Still Wait for Justice, 15 Years After.” https://www.rfi.fr/en/africa/20191108-victims-bouake-airstrikes-still-wait-justice- 15-years-after (November 30, 2022).
    Schünemann, Julia Bello. 2017. Africa’s Population Boom: Burden or Opportunity? ISS. ISS Today. https://issafrica.org/iss-today/africas-population-boom-burden-or- opportunity (May 29, 2022).
    Schwab, Peter. 2004. “Félix Houphouët-Boigny: A French Client in the Ivory Coast.” In Designing West Africa: Prelude to 21st Century Calamity, Palgrave Macmillan New York, pp 47-63.
    Seawright, Jason, and John Gerring. 2008. “Case Selection Techniques in Case Study Research: A Menu of Qualitative and Quantitative Options.” Political Research Quarterly 61(2): 294–308.
    Segell, Glen. 2019. “Neo-Colonialism in Africa and the Cases of Turkey and Iran.” Insight on Africa 11(2): 184–99.
    Shaw, Scott. 2013. “Fallout in the Sahel: The Geographic Spread of Conflict from Libya to Mali.” Canadian Foreign Policy Journal 19(2): 199–210.
    Shurkin, Michael. 2014. France’s War in Mali: Lessons for an Expeditionary Army. RAND Corporation. https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR770.html (October 6, 2022).
    Simonen, Katariina. 2012. “Qui s’excuse s’accuse... An Analysis of French Justifications for Intervening in Côte d’Ivoire.” International Peacekeeping 19(3): 363–76.
    Smith, Stephen W. 2013. “France in Africa: A New Chapter?” Current History 112(754): 163–68.
    Spet, Stéphane. 2015. “Operation Serval. Analyzing the French Strategy against Jihadists in Mali.” ASPJ: Africa and Francophonie 6(3): 66–79.
    Stemler, Steve. 2000. “An Overview of Content Analysis.” Practical Assessment, Research, and Evaluation 7(1). https://scholarworks.umass.edu/pare/vol7/iss1/17. Strong, Christine O. 2021. “Did Mali Benefit from Joining the CFA Zone? An Analysis Using the Synthetic Control Method.” Review of Development Economics 25(2):931–55.
    Sun, Degan, and Yahia Zoubir. 2011. “Sentry Box in the Backyard: Analysis of French Military Bases in Africa.” Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies (in Asia)5(3): 82–104.
    Sundberg, Anna. 2019. France - A Continuing Military Presence in Francophone Africa. Kista, Stockholm: Swedish Defence Research Agency, FOI. Foreign military bases and installations in Africa.
    Taylor, Ian. 2019. “France à Fric: The CFA Zone in Africa and Neocolonialism.” Third World Quarterly 40(6): 1064–88.
    The Economist. 2019. “The New Scramble for Africa.” https://www.economist.com/leaders/2019/03/07/the-new-scramble-for-africa (December 5, 2022).
    The World Bank, World Bank Open Data. 2020. “Data for Mali, Gabon.” https://data.worldbank.org/?locations=ML-GA (May 30, 2022).
    Thomas, Dominic. 2012. “The Adventures of Sarkozy in Euroafrica.” Contemporary French and Francophone Studies 16(3): 393–404.
    Touron, Manon. 2017. “Mali (1960-1968): Exporting the Cold War into the French Meadow.” Bulletin de l’Institut Pierre Renouvin 45(1): 83–95.
    U.S. General Accounting Office (GAO). 1996. Content Analysis: A Methodology for Structuring and Analyzing Written Material. Washington, D.C. (May 24, 2022).
    Uchehara, Kieran. 2014. “France-Afrique Model: A Declining Relationship.” Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi 12(23): 33–53.
    UN. 2004. “MINUCI: United Nations Mission in Côte d’Ivoire – Background.” https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/mission/past/minuci/background.html (November 30, 2022).
    UN. 2011. “UN Secretary-General’s Special Advisers on the Prevention of Genocide and the Responsibility to Protect on the Situation in Côte d’ Ivoire - Côte d’Ivoire | ReliefWeb.” https://reliefweb.int/report/c-te-divoire/un-secretary-general-s- special-advisers-prevention-genocide-and-responsibility (December 4, 2022).
    UN. 2012. “Security Council Paves Way for Possible Intervention Force in Northern Mali.” UN News. https://news.un.org/story/2012/10/423482 (October 4, 2022).
    UN Comtrade. “UN Comtrade Database.” https://comtradeplus.un.org/ (December 6, 2022).
    UNHCR. “UNHCR - Refugee Statistics.” https://www.unhcr.org/refugee-statistics/ (December 26, 2022).
    Utley, Rachel. 2002. “‘Not to Do Less but to Do Better ...’: French Military Policy in Africa.” International Affairs 78(1): 129–46.
    Vallin, Victor-Manuel. 2015. “France as the Gendarme of Africa, 1960-2014.” Political Science Quarterly 130(1): 79–101.
    Viscusi, Gregory. 2013. “France Will Pledge 280 million Euros at Mali Donor’s Conference.” Bloomberg. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2013-05- 14/france-will-pledge-280-million-euros-at-mali-donor-s- conference?leadSource=uverify%20wall#xj4y7vzkg (November 2, 2022).
    VOA. 2009. “Ivory Coast Conflict Becomes Major Test for French Diplomacy - 2002- 10-13.” https://www.voanews.com/a/a-13-a-2002-10-13-12-ivory- 67409507/383383.html (November 30, 2022).
    VOA. 2012. “France Signs Security Agreement with Ivory Coast.” https://blogs.voanews.com/breaking-news/2012/01/27/france-signs-security- agreement-with-ivory-coast/ (December 3, 2022).
    VOA. 2015. “France’s Hollande: Eritrea ‘Becoming Empty’ as Residents Leave.” VOA. https://www.voanews.com/a/eu-offers-african-nations-1-8-billion-but-some- question-response/3052919.html (December 4, 2022).
    Agence France-Presse. 2021. “Macron in South Africa for Talks on COVID Vaccine.” https://www.voanews.com/a/covid-19-pandemic_macron-south-africa-talks- covid-vaccine/6206333.html (February 25, 2022).
    Willsher, Kim. 2013. “Malian Rebels Overrun Garrison Town and Advance towards Capital.” The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jan/14/malian- rebels-overrun-garrison-town (October 6, 2022).
    Woronoff, Jon. 1972. West African Wager: Houphouët Versus Nkrumah. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press.
    Wyss, Marco. 2013. “The Gendarme Stays in Africa: France’s Military Role in Côte d’Ivoire.” African Conflict and Peacebuilding Review 3(1): 81–111.
    Wyss, Marco. 2017. “France and the Economic Community of West African States: Peacekeeping Partnership in Theory and Practice.” Journal of Contemporary African Studies 35(4): 487–505.
    Yabi, Dr Gilles. 2012. “Keeping the Peace in Electoral Conflicts: The Role of ECOWAS, UNOCI and the International Community in Côte d’Ivoire.” In Zentrum für Internationale Friedenseinsätze (ZIF), 1–4. https://www.zif-berlin.org/sites/zif- berlin.org/files/inline-files/ZIF_Policy_Briefing_Gilles_Yabi_Oct_2012.pdf.
    Yabi, Gilles, and Andrew Goodwin, eds. 2009. “From Linas-Marcoussis to the Ouagadougou Political Agreement: The Tortuous and Open-Ended Peace Process In.” In From Civil Strife to Peace Building: Examining Private Sector Involvement in West African Reconstruction, Lancaster.
    Yates, Douglas A. 2017. “France and Africa.” In Africa and the World: Bilateral and Multilateral International Diplomacy, New York, NY: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 95–118.
    Yates, Douglas A. 2018. “Paradoxes of Predation in Francophone Africa.” International Journal of Political Economy 47(2): 130–50.
    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    外交學系
    109253011
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0109253011
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[Department of Diplomacy] Theses

    Files in This Item:

    File Description SizeFormat
    301101.pdf3196KbAdobe PDF20View/Open


    All items in 政大典藏 are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved.


    社群 sharing

    著作權政策宣告 Copyright Announcement
    1.本網站之數位內容為國立政治大學所收錄之機構典藏，無償提供學術研究與公眾教育等公益性使用，惟仍請適度，合理使用本網站之內容，以尊重著作權人之權益。商業上之利用，則請先取得著作權人之授權。
    The digital content of this website is part of National Chengchi University Institutional Repository. It provides free access to academic research and public education for non-commercial use. Please utilize it in a proper and reasonable manner and respect the rights of copyright owners. For commercial use, please obtain authorization from the copyright owner in advance.

    2.本網站之製作，已盡力防止侵害著作權人之權益，如仍發現本網站之數位內容有侵害著作權人權益情事者，請權利人通知本網站維護人員(nccur@nccu.edu.tw)，維護人員將立即採取移除該數位著作等補救措施。
    NCCU Institutional Repository is made to protect the interests of copyright owners. If you believe that any material on the website infringes copyright, please contact our staff(nccur@nccu.edu.tw). We will remove the work from the repository and investigate your claim.
    DSpace Software Copyright © 2002-2004  MIT &  Hewlett-Packard  /   Enhanced by   NTU Library IR team Copyright ©   - Feedback