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    Title: 人工の虚無—芥川龍之介「庭」
    Artificial Nihility- A study of Ryunosuke Akutagawa’s “Niwa”(Garden)
    人工的虛無—芥川龍之介〈庭園〉
    Authors: 高啓豪
    Kao, Chi-Hao
    Contributors: 政大日本研究
    Keywords: 芥川龍之介;明治時代;開化物;;ニヒリズム
    Ryunosuke Akutagawa;Meiji era;Kaikamono;Japanese-styled garden;nihilism
    芥川龍之介;明治時代;開化物;庭園;虛無主義
    Date: 2023-01
    Issue Date: 2023-03-08
    Abstract: 芥川龍之介「庭」(大正十一(1922)年七月『中央公論』初出)は、彼の開化物という短編小説群に属する作品である。周知のように、芥川の開化物は時間という要素を特化したもので、明治期前後から作者をとりまく大正期までの世態を扱う作品群であり、時代の流転と変遷を論じるにあたってもっとも相応しいテクストだと思われる。
    新しい時代に向かって却って荒廃していく庭の描写は、中村家の辿る運命を可視化するメタファーとして作品にわたって作用する。明治維新後の庭は「自然の荒廃の外に、人工の荒廃も加はつた」中、作中に登場する三兄弟の次男がそれを何とか元に戻すよう復旧作業を進めるが、家族では冷ややかな目で見られ、長男の息子廉一だけがそれに関心を示す。短編の結末では庭を含め、家ぐるみ破壊され、その跡地に停車場が建つという儚い結末が用意され、次男の甥である廉一の幻覚で作品が終わり、時代の変遷の不可逆性が物語られるのである。
    本稿では芥川が「庭」というトポスに対する表象のストラテジーを主眼に、芥川の作品における明治期文化の変遷のありよう、乃至その根底にあるニヒリズム思想を論じることを試みる。
    In the works of Ryunosuke Akutagawa, a series of short stories named Kaikamono(開化物) focuses on the writing of the Japanese state of the world from the Meiji period to the Taisho period, which shows the importance to discuss the circulation and changes of The Times in the process of Japan`s modernization. The "Niwa(Garden)" (1922) describes the rise and fall of the Nakamura family in detail through the description of the Japanese-styled garden landform of Nakamura family.
    The text refers to the Japanese-styled garden which is gradually abandoned in the Meiji era, and plays the metaphorical role of visualizing the fate of the Nakamura family in the whole work. After the Meiji Restoration, the traditional garden faced not only the natural waste, but also the artificial waste brought by the impact of Western civilized values in the new era. The second son of the three brothers who appear in the play makes a career out of restoring the garden despite the indifference of his family. Only the son of elder brother, is interested in this. Finally, the whole Nakamura family’s building and the garden were demolished, and a railway station symbolizing state power and capitalist society was built on the original site. Through various metaphors of courtyard images, the text elaborated the irreversibility of the changes of the times.
    This paper will focus on Akutagawa`s writing strategies for the field of garden, try to discover how the cultural changes in the Meiji period shown in Akutagawa`s works, and explore the nihilism thought intended to be expounded.
    芥川龍之介作品中名為開化物的一系列短篇小說群,將議題集中在明治時期至大正時期日本世態的書寫,是討論日本近代化過程當中時代流轉和變遷之際不可忽略的文本。而芥川開化物當中的〈庭園〉(1922年7月《中央公論》)則藉由對中村家的和風庭院地貌之描寫,從中詳細講述了中村一家的興盛與沒落。
      文本提及迎接明治新時代卻漸漸荒廢的庭園,在作品中發揮將中村家的命運可視化的隱喻作用。明治維新後的庭園在自然的荒廢之外,更面對了新時代西方文明價值觀衝擊所帶來之人工的荒廢。在作品中登場的三兄弟中的次子不顧家人冷眼旁觀,將修復庭園當作生涯志業,只有長男的兒子廉一對此表示關心。最終整個中村家宅邸連同書寫對象的庭園都被拆除,在原址上建起了象徵國家權力及資本主義的火車站,文本透過庭園意象各層面的隱喻,闡述了時代變遷的不可逆性。
      本論文將以芥川對庭園此一場域進行的書寫策略為主要著眼點,嘗試論述芥川作品中顯現出的明治時期文化變遷,並探究其意欲闡述的虛無主義思想。
    Relation: 政大日本研究, 20, 101-123
    Data Type: article
    DOI 連結: https://doi.org/10.30379/CJJS.202301_(20).0005
    DOI: 10.30379/CJJS.202301_(20).0005
    Appears in Collections:[第20號] 期刊論文
    [日本語文學系] 期刊論文

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