政大機構典藏-National Chengchi University Institutional Repository(NCCUR):Item 140.119/142185

政大機構典藏-National Chengchi University Institutional Repository(NCCUR):Item 140.119/142185

English | 正體中文 | 简体中文 | Post-Print筆數 : 27 | 全文笔数/总笔数 : 113318/144297 (79%)
造访人次 : 51004990 在线人数 : 982

RC Version 6.0 © Powered By DSPACE, MIT. Enhanced by NTU Library IR team.

搜寻范围

查询小技巧：

您可在西文检索词汇前后加上"双引号"，以获取较精准的检索结果

若欲以作者姓名搜寻，建议至进阶搜寻限定作者字段，可获得较完整数据

进阶搜寻

主页 ‧ 登入 ‧ 上传 ‧ 说明 ‧ 关于政大典藏 ‧ 管理

到手机版

政大機構典藏 > 傳播學院 > 國際傳播英語碩士學程 > 學位論文 > Item 140.119/142185

请使用永久网址来引用或连结此文件: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/142185

题名:	香港國家安全法及其對當地記者工作動機之影響 Hong Kong’s National Security Law and Its Impact on Local Reporters’ Work Motivations
作者:	葛芮晴 McKibben-Greene, Maddox
贡献者:	陳憶寧 Chen, Yi-Ning (Katherine) 葛芮晴 McKibben-Greene, Maddox
关键词:	國家安全法香港記者抗議動機理論 National security law Hong Kong Journalists Protests Motivation theory
日期:	2022
上传时间:	2022-10-05 09:30:06 (UTC+8)
摘要:	自 2020 年 6 月頒布《香港國安法》（NSL）以來，在這一年半，其對整個地區獨立新聞編輯室的寒蟬影響變得越來越明顯。曾為亞太地區追求新聞自由的香港，已經失去包含《蘋果日報》和《立場新聞》等獨立新聞媒體，更導致為數眾多的外國和當地記者失業，同時擔心他們自身的安全。NSL訂定四項基本「反國家罪」— 分裂主義、顛覆、恐怖主義和勾結外國勢力，已使該地區的民主派和獨立記者受到恐嚇和逮捕，讓香港的新聞自由度成為近幾十年來的最低。在 NSL 鎮壓期間（截至2021年9月），已超過九萬的香港人逃離該地區，其中多數人移轉至英國。本論文的研究動機起因於當地記者，由於在工作上日益漸增的困難以及不確定性，而離開該地區。在本文中，作者對六名香港記者進行半結構化的深度訪談，試圖深入了解他們在工作條件越來越嚴苛與危險的狀況下，仍選擇留在香港的動機。該訪談依據麥克萊蘭的人類動機理論和弗魯姆的期望理論進行訪談問題建構，並藉此協助分析記者的內部動機（包括對成就的需求和對未來的個人預測）和外部動機（社會關係）。本論文分析訪談的結果顯示：（1）駐港記者具備一種內在的責任感，認為有義務要留下來繼續工作。一方面，延續被迫離開同事或朋友的工作；另一方面則試圖阻止自身被專制的聲音所取代。(2) 堅持記者工作必須透過「身立其境」、或相當接近報導來源，才能作為撰寫新聞的關鍵方法； (3) 總體而言，留港記者對於香港日益惡化的新聞自由度，無論個人或集體層面，能產生影響的能力並不感到樂觀； (4) 社交和專業網絡同時深刻影響記者，認為自己有義務繼續留在香港。 In the year and a half since the June 2020 enactment of the Hong Kong National security law (NSL), its chilling impact on independent newsrooms across the region has only become increasingly prominent. Once a bastion of press freedom in the Asia-Pacific, Hong Kong has now lost its largest independent news outlets, including Apple Daily in June 2021 and Stand News in December 2021, putting many foreign and local reporters out of work and in fear for their personal safety. The NSL`s four basic “crimes against the state” – separatism, subversion, terrorism, and colluding with foreign forces – have also allowed for the intimidation and arrest of pro-democracy and independent journalists in the region, fostering an environment that demonstrates Hong Kong’s lowest degree of press freedom in decades. Many Hongkongers – more than 90,000 as of September 2021 – have fled the region amid the NSL crackdown. Many have relocated to the UK, Canada, or the United States. Of interest to this study are the local reporters who left the region due to uncertainty concerning their work given the increasingly difficult circumstances. For this paper, the author performed semi-structured interviews with six Hong Kong-based journalists in an attempt to better understand their motivations for remaining in the region to this point while their work has become increasingly difficult and dangerous. Two motivational theories, McClelland’s human motivation theory and Vroom’s expectancy theory, were used to guide interview questions and assist in analysis of the journalists` internal motivators (including needs for achievement and individual projections about the future) and external motivators (social affiliation). Analysis of the interviews suggests (1) the Hong Kong-based reporters feel an intrinsic sense of duty to stay and carry out their work, either to continue the work they feel their friends and colleagues who have been forced to leave Hong Kong were unjustly stripped of or to prevent pro-establishment voices from taking their place; (2) the reporters regard being “on the ground,” or existing close to the sources of their stories, a key facet of their journalistic method; (3) the reporters, on the whole, are not optimistic about their individual or collective ability to meaningfully impact Hong Kong’s deteriorating press freedom environment; and (4) social and professional networks greatly impact the extent to which journalists feel obligated to remain in Hong Kong.
參考文獻:	Adams, W. C. (2015). Conducting semi-structured interviews. Handbook of Practical Program Evaluation, 492–505. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119171386.ch19 Bastick, T. (2000). Why teacher trainees choose the teaching profession. International Review of Education/ Internationale Zeitschrift Fr Erziehungswissenschaft/ Revue Inter, 46(3/4), 343–349. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1004090415953 BBC News. (2021, June 30). Hong Kong: How life has changed under China’s National security law. Retrieved February 27, 2022, from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-57649442 BBC News. (2022a, May 8). Hong Kong’s John Lee: Ex-security chief becomes new leader. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-61345463 BBC News. (2022b, May 8). John Lee: Who is Hong Kong’s new hardline pro-Beijing leader? https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-61267490 Bogner, A., Littig, B., & Menz, W. (2009). Interviewing experts (ECPR research methods) (2009th ed.). Palgrave Macmillan. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1057%2F9780230244276.pdf Burns, J. (2022, April 6). What John Lee as chief executive might mean for Hong Kong. Hong Kong Free Press HKFP. https://hongkongfp.com/2022/04/06/what-john-lee-as-chief-executive-might-mean-for-hong-kong/ Chan, J. M., & Lee, F. L. (2007). Media and politics in Hong Kong: A decade after the handover. China Perspectives, 2007(2). https://doi.org/10.4000/chinaperspectives.1673 Chen, H. Y., & Barber, L. (2020). CityPsyche—Hong Kong. City, 24(1–2), 220–232. https://doi.org/10.1080/13604813.2020.1739431 Choi, S. Y. (2020). When protests and daily life converge: The spaces and people of Hong Kong’s anti-extradition movement. Critique of Anthropology, 40(2), 277–282. https://doi.org/10.1177/0308275x20908322 CNN. (2020, January 15). In pictures: Hong Kong unrest. CNN. Retrieved March 13, 2022, from https://edition.cnn.com/2019/06/09/world/gallery/hong-kong-extradition-protest/index.html Davidson, H. (2021a, July 30). Hong Kong jails man, 24, for nine years under national security law. The Guardian. Retrieved March 7, 2022, from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jul/30/hong-kong-jails-man-24-nine-years-under-national-security-law-tong-ying-kit Davidson, H. (2021, October 1). Hong Kong seeks to resurrect legislation to further crush dissent. The Guardian. Retrieved March 1, 2022, from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/sep/30/hong-hong-seeks-to-resurrect-legislation-to-further-crush-dissent Deci, E. L., Olafsen, A. H., & Ryan, R. M. (2017). Self-determination theory in work organizations: The state of a science. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 4(1), 19–43. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032516-113108 Denhardt, R. B., Denhardt, J. V., & Aristigueta, M. P. (2008). Managing human behavior in public and nonprofit organizations. Sage Publications, Inc. Freedom House. (n.d.). The impact of the National security law on media and internet freedom in Hong Kong. Retrieved March 1, 2022, from https://freedomhouse.org/article/impact-national-security-law-media-and-internet-freedom-hong-kong#:%7E:text=Under%20the%20new%20national%20security,closure%20will%20be%20felt%20globally. Fudge, R.S. and J.L. Schlacter. 1999. Motivating Employees to Act Ethically: An Expectancy Theory Approach. Journal of Business Ethics. 18(3): 295-3 Ganta, V. (2014). Motivation in the workplace to improve the employee performance. International Journal of Engineering Technology, Management and Applied Sciences. Garland, H. 1984. Relation of Effort-Performance Expectancy to Performance in Goal Setting Experiments. Journal of Applied Psychology. 69: 79-84. Goldfarb, Y., Golan, O., & Gal, E. (2021). A self-determination theory approach to work motivation of autistic adults: A qualitative exploratory study. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-05185-4 Griffiths, J. (2019, June 10). Hong Kong’s protest movement was on life support. Then the government revived it. CNN. https://edition.cnn.com/2019/06/10/asia/hong-kong-extradition-protest-intl-hnk/index.html Griffiths, J. (2019, June 21). Hong Kong protesters take to the streets again after government apology falls flat. CNN. https://edition.cnn.com/2019/06/20/asia/hong-kong-protest-extradition-intl-hnk/index.html Griffiths, J., Regan, H., & Cheung, E. (2019, June 17). Hong Kong protests: Hundreds of thousands join third huge demonstration in a week. CNN. https://edition.cnn.com/2019/06/16/asia/hong-kong-protest-carrie-lam-china-extradition-intl-hnk/index.html Gunia, A. (2019, June 20). A brief history of protest in post-handover Hong Kong. Time. https://time.com/5606212/hong-kong-history-mass-demonstrations-protest/ Heinz, M. (2015). Why choose teaching? An international review of empirical studies exploring student teachers’ career motivations and levels of commitment to teaching. Educational Research and Evaluation, 21(3), 258–297. https://doi.org/10.1080/13803611.2015.1018278 Hernández, J. C. (2021, October 11). China’s National security law for Hong Kong, explained. The New York Times. Retrieved February 26, 2022, from https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/30/world/asia/hong-kong-security-law-explain.html Holbig, H. (2020). Be water, my friend: Hong Kong’s 2019 anti-extradition protests. International Journal of Sociology, 50(4), 325–337. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207659.2020.1802556 HKFP Fast News. (2022a, January 4). Hong Kong’s Carrie Lam rebuffs claims of press freedom ‘chilling effect,’ says closure of media outlets unrelated to security law. Hong Kong Free Press HKFP. Retrieved April 15, 2022, from https://hongkongfp.com/2022/01/04/hong-kongs-carrie-lam-rebuffs-claims-of-press-freedom-chilling-effect-says-closure-of-media-outlets-unrelated-to-security-law/ HKFP Fast News. (2022b, April 25). No need to ‘defend’ press freedom ‘because it exists,’ Hong Kong leadership candidate John Lee says. Hong Kong Free Press HKFP. Retrieved April 28, 2022, from https://hongkongfp.com/2022/04/25/no-need-to-defend-press-freedom-because-it-exists-hong-kong-leadership-candidate-john-lee-says/ Hong Kong Free Press. (2022, January 3). ‘No other choice’: Hong Kong Citizen News says decision to close was prompted by Stand News arrests, staff safety. Hong Kong Free Press HKFP. Retrieved May 3, 2022, from https://hongkongfp.com/2022/01/03/no-other-choice-hong-kong-citizen-news-says-decision-to-close-was-prompted-by-stand-news-arrests-staff-safety/ Hong Kong government. (2020, August 30). GovHK: Government structure. All Rights Reserved. Retrieved March 7, 2022, from https://www.gov.hk/en/about/govdirectory/govstructure.htm Hong Kong Public Opinion Research Institute. (n.d.). Rating of Chief Secretary for Administration John Lee. Hong Kong Public Opinion Research Institute (PORI). Retrieved April 17, 2022, from https://www.pori.hk/pop-poll/secretaries-of-departments-en/past-secretaries-of-departments-en/b009-rating.html?lang=en Howard, J. L., Bureau, J., Guay, F., Chong, J. X. Y., & Ryan, R. M. (2021). Student motivation and associated outcomes: A meta-analysis from self-determination theory. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 16(6), 1300–1323. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691620966789 Human Rights in China (HRIC). (2022, February 17). Hong Kong timeline 2019–2022: Anti-extradition protests & National security law. Retrieved March 3, 2022, from https://www.hrichina.org/en/hong-kong-timeline-2019-2022-anti-extradition-protests-national-security-law Jasmi, S. (2012). A study on employees work motivation and its effect on their performance and business productivity. The British University in Dubai: Dissertations for Project Management. https://bspace.buid.ac.ae/handle/1234/275 Jha, B. P. (2020, August 31). Hong Kong protests: The flashpoints in a year of anger. BBC News. Retrieved March 4, 2022, from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-53942295 Jooste, K., & Hamani, M. (2017). The motivational needs of primary health care nurses to acquire power as leaders in a mine clinic setting. Health SA Gesondheid, 22, 43–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hsag.2016.09.005 Kang-Chung, N. (2020, January 8). Hong Kong police seized more than 3,700 mobile phones from protesters in space of five months and had. . . South China Morning Post. Retrieved March 2, 2022, from https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/law-and-crime/article/3045263/hong-kong-police-seized-more-3700-mobile-phones Klein, HJ. 1991. Further Evidence on the Relationship Between Goal Setting and Expectancy Theories. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. 49: 230-257 Krishnankutty, P. (2022, May 9). Career policeman, controversial ex-security chief: Meet John Lee, the new leader of Hong Kong. ThePrint. https://theprint.in/world/career-policeman-controversial-ex-security-chief-meet-john-lee-the-new-leader-of-hong-kong/947901/ Lai, E., & Chan, Y. (2022, January 10). Hong Kong: How colonial-era laws are being used to shut down independent journalism. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/hong-kong-how-colonial-era-laws-are-being-used-to-shut-down-independent-journalism-174375 Lau, S. K. (2021). The National security law: Political and social effects on the governance of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Public Administration and Policy, 24(3), 234–240. https://doi.org/10.1108/pap-08-2021-0050 Lee, F. L., and J. Chan. (2009). Organizational production of self-censorship in the Hong Kong media. The International Journal of Press/Politics 14 (1): 112–133. Leonard, N.H., L.L. Beauvais and R.W. Scholl. (1999). Work motivation: The incorporation of self-concept-based processes. Human Relations. 52(8): 969- 998. Lin, K. Y., & Lu, H. P. (2011). Why people use social networking sites: An empirical study integrating network externalities and motivation theory. Computers in Human Behavior, 27(3), 1152–1161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2010.12.009 Lindberg, Kari Soo, et al. “How Xi’s China Put 1,000-Plus Hong Kong Journalists Out of Work.” Bloomberg.com, Bloomberg, 20 Jan. 2022, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-01-19/hong-kong-s-crackdown-leaves-journalists-hawking-fried-chicken. Lo, S. (2021). Hong Kong in 2020. Asian Survey, 61(1), 34–42. https://doi.org/10.1525/as.2021.61.1.34 Loanes, E. (2022, May 8). Hong Kong Chief Executive-elect John Lee ushers in a new era of restriction. Vox. https://www.vox.com/2022/5/8/23062437/hong-kong-chief-executive-john-lee-restrictions Luthans, F. (2010). Importance of motivation explained. Retrieved on September 15, 2017 from http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/ motivation/motivation-meaning-and- importance-of-motivation-explained-with-diagram/35364/ Luqiu, L. R. (2021). Covering the 2019 Hong Kong protests (1st ed. 2021 ed.). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82226-2 Mathieu, E. (2022). COVID-19 data explorer. Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/coronavirus-data-explorer McClelland, D. (1968). The achieving society (2nd Printing March 1968 ed.). The Free Press. Moussa, F.M. (1996). Determinants and process of the choice of goal difficulty. Group and Organization Management. 21(4): 414-43Ng, M. (2017). When silence speaks: Press censorship and rule of law in British Hong Kong, 1850s–1940s. Law & Literature, 29(3), 425–456. https://doi.org/10.1080/1535685x.2017.1327695 Ngok, M. (2007). State–Press relationship in post-1997 Hong Kong: Constant negotiation amidst Self-Restraint. The China Quarterly, 192, 949–970. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0305741007002111 Ni, V. (2022, January 11). ‘We fought the good fight’: Journalists in Hong Kong reel from assault on media. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jan/11/we-fought-the-good-fight-journalists-in-hong-kong-reel-from-assault-on-media#:%7E:text=According%20to%20Reporters%20Without%20Borders,or%20are%20awaiting%20the%20trial. Osemeke, M., & Adegboyega, S.A. (2018). Critical Review and Comparism between Maslow , Herzberg and McClelland ` s Theory of Needs. Overholt, William. (2019). Hong Kong, Rise and Fall of 1 Country 2 Systems. Parijat, P., & Bagga, S. (2014). Victor Vroom’s expectancy theory of motivation–An evaluation. International Research Journal of Business and Management, 7(9), 1-8. Patterson, J. (2022, April 4). Carrie Lam’s disastrous legacy in Hong Kong. The Spectator. Retrieved April 15, 2022, from https://www.spectator.co.uk/article/carrie-lam-s-disastrous-legacy-in-hong-kong Ramlall, S. (2004). Review of employee motivation theories and their implications for employee retention within organizations. Journal of American Academy of Business, vol. 5, no. 1/2, pp. 52-64. Ramzy, A. (2022, January 3). How Beijing has muted Hong Kong’s independent media. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/article/hong-kong-media-muzzled.html Reporters Without Borders (RSF). (2021, December). The great leap backwards of journalism in China. Reporters Without Borders (RSF). (2021, December 14). Hong Kong: Two detained press freedom defenders, including Jimmy Lai, given new prison sentences. Reporters Without Borders (RSF). Retrieved March 18, 2022, from https://rsf.org/en/news/hong-kong-two-detained-press-freedom-defenders-including-jimmy-lai-given-new-prison-sentences Reporters Without Borders (RSF). (2022, May 11). Hong Kong: RSF deeply concerned after election of next chief executive, John Lee, who assisted Carrie Lam’s dismantling of press freedom. RSF. Retrieved May 15, 2022, from https://rsf.org/en/hong-kong-rsf-deeply-concerned-after-election-next-chief-executive-john-lee-who-assisted-carrie-lam Reuters Staff. (2018, September 24). Hong Kong pro-independence party formally outlawed in first such move since handover. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-hongkong-politics-idUSKCN1M409S Schütz, A. (1946). The well-informed citizen: An essay on the social distribution of knowledge. Social Research, 13(4), 463–478. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40958880 Soo, Z. (2021, June 17). Editors of Hong Kong newspaper arrested under security law. AP NEWS. https://apnews.com/article/hong-kong-arrests-business-97e0fbed611073be258763dcf80c4b7f Stewart, W. H., & Roth, P. L. (2007). A meta-analysis of achievement motivation differences between entrepreneurs and managers. Journal of Small Business Management, 45(4), 401–421. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-627x.2007.00220.x Tang, G., & Lee, F. L. F. (2014). Hong Kong journalists’ attitude towards social protests: A belief system perspective. Media Asia, 41(1), 55–70. https://doi.org/10.1080/01296612.2014.11690000 van Eerde, W., & Thierry, H. (1996). Vroom’s expectancy models and work-related criteria: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81(5), 575–586. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.81.5.575 Wolfe, L., Britschgi, C., Stossel, J., Riggs, M., Ciaramella, C. J., & Lancaster, J. (2021, June 24). Hong Kong’s free press is dying. Reason.Com. https://reason.com/2021/06/24/hong-kongs-free-press-is-dying/ Wong, T. C., Lo, W. H., & Cheung, M. F. M. (2021). Shifting power centers and news sources: The practices and struggles of Hong Kong’s political journalists since the handover. Journalism Studies, 22(14), 1964–1986. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670x.2021.1979424
描述:	碩士國立政治大學國際傳播英語碩士學位學程(IMICS) 109461021
資料來源:	http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0109461021
数据类型:	thesis
DOI:	10.6814/NCCU202201588
显示于类别:	[國際傳播英語碩士學程] 學位論文

文件中的档案:

档案	描述	大小	格式	浏览次数
102101.pdf		916Kb	Adobe PDF2	135	检视/开启

在政大典藏中所有的数据项都受到原著作权保护.

社群 sharing

著作權政策宣告 Copyright Announcement

1.本網站之數位內容為國立政治大學所收錄之機構典藏，無償提供學術研究與公眾教育等公益性使用，惟仍請適度，合理使用本網站之內容，以尊重著作權人之權益。商業上之利用，則請先取得著作權人之授權。
The digital content of this website is part of National Chengchi University Institutional Repository. It provides free access to academic research and public education for non-commercial use. Please utilize it in a proper and reasonable manner and respect the rights of copyright owners. For commercial use, please obtain authorization from the copyright owner in advance.

2.本網站之製作，已盡力防止侵害著作權人之權益，如仍發現本網站之數位內容有侵害著作權人權益情事者，請權利人通知本網站維護人員(nccur@nccu.edu.tw)，維護人員將立即採取移除該數位著作等補救措施。
NCCU Institutional Repository is made to protect the interests of copyright owners. If you believe that any material on the website infringes copyright, please contact our staff(nccur@nccu.edu.tw). We will remove the work from the repository and investigate your claim.

DSpace Software Copyright © 2002-2004 MIT & Hewlett-Packard / Enhanced by NTU Library IR team Copyright © - 回馈