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    Title: 論保險法上危險增加通知義務之改革──以最大善意原則及消費者保護為中心
    The Reform of Obligation to Notify the Insurer of Increased Risk in Insurance Contract Law: A Focus on the Utmost Good Faith Principle and Consumer Protection
    Authors: 黃立漢
    Huang, Li-Han
    Contributors: 陳俊元
    Chen, Chun-Yuan
    黃立漢
    Huang, Li-Han
    Keywords: 保險契約法
    最大善意原則
    對價平衡原則
    消費者保護
    危險增加通知義務
    保險人說明義務
    Insurance Contract Act
    Principle of Utmost Good Faith
    Principle of Equilibrium
    Consumer Protection
    The Obligation to Notify the Insurer of Increased Risk
    Insurers’ Obligation to Inform
    Date: 2022
    Issue Date: 2022-09-02 14:50:32 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 危險增加通知義務為保險契約之締約後義務,於危險增加情形發生時,要保人、被保險人依法應通知保險人,保險人得調整契約內容或終止契約,但對於一般保險消費者而言,判斷危險增加情形並非容易,要保人、被保險人卻被課以最大善意原則履行,於違反危險增加通知義務之情形,保險人得依保險法第57條解除契約,且不負保險事故之給付責任。
    本文以英國、美國、德國、日本以及歐洲保險契約法原則的危險增加制度為法規比較,並以我國判決為基礎統計分析及個案評析,發現以下現象:第一,難以期待我國保險消費者理解判斷並履行危險增加通知義務。第二,違反契約所載之危險增加通知義務者比例較高。第三,我國違反危險增加通知義務之法律效果較比較法國家更為嚴苛。從而推論出危險增加通知義務規範並未意識到保險消費者保護之需求。
    基於上述分析,本文主張應限縮危險增加通知義務之範圍,同時以最大善意原則課予保險人說明危險增加之義務,調整危險增加之法律效果,因危險增加發生保險事故時依危險增加程度比例給付保險金。
    The obligation to notify the insurer of increased risk is one of post-contractual duty of insurance contract. In principle, the policyholder and the insured should notify the insurer of the situation when risk increases. The insurer may adjust the premium or terminate the contract after receiving the notice. One the policyholder or insured fail to notify the increased risk, the insurer may rescind the contract and would not be liable for coverage according to the Article 57 of the Insurance Act. Also, the insured is required to fulfill the obligation with utmost good faith.
    This study starts with the analysis of relevant regulations of increased risk in the United Kingdom, the United States, Japan, Germany and Europe. The statistical analysis and case study are also applied in this research. The dataset includes judicial cases related to increased risk in insurance law in Taiwan. The result shows that it is difficult for the insurance consumer to realize the increased risk and file the notification properly. This also indicates the necessity of improving insurance consumer protection.
    Based on the analysis above, this study suggests to narrow down the scope of the notification of increased risk. Meanwhile, the insurer should be requested to inform the insurance consumer about the obligation of the notification of increased risk with utmost good faith. The effect of increased risk should be amended, also. When the insured peril is caused by increased risk, the insurer should pay the coverage to the insured on the proportion of the increased risk.
    Reference: 參考文獻
    一、中文部分
    (一)書籍
    王澤鑑(2011),《侵權行為法》,自刊。
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    (二)書之篇章
    汪信君(2011),〈歐洲保險契約法之統合與原則之發展以損失填補為中心〉,收於:林勳發教授六秩華誕祝壽論文集編輯委員會,《保險法學之前瞻:林勳發教授六秩華誕祝壽論文集》,頁3-43,元照。
    (三)期刊
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    葉啟洲(2013),〈臺灣保險消費者之資訊權保護-以金融消費者保護法之說明義務規範為中心〉,《月旦法學雜誌》,214期,頁46-68。
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    葉啟洲(2020),〈保險法上對價平衡原則之規範拘束力〉,《臺大法學論叢》,49卷1期,頁225-279。
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    (四)論文
    陳仕儒(2017),《保險法上危險變動與通知義務之研究—以對價平衡原則為中心》,國立臺灣大學法律學研究所碩士論文(未出版),臺北。
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    趙學斌(2019),《論保險契約上客觀危險篩選法律效果之研究─以對價平衡原則之退讓與法律行為基礎理論之引進為中心》,國立政治大學風險管理與保險學研究所碩士論文(未出版),臺北。
    廖伯鈞(2005),《論保險契約不真正義務之結構及其違反效果》,國立臺北大學法律學研究所碩士論文(未出版),臺北。
    二、英文部分
    (一)書籍
    Abraham, K. S., & Schwarcz, D. (2020). Insurance law and regulation: cases and materials (7th ed.). Foundation Press.
    Birds, J. (2010). Birds’ modern insurance law (8th ed.). Sweet & Maxwell.
    Birds, J. (2014). Insurance Law in the United Kingdom (2nd ed.). Kluwer Law International.
    Dobbyn, J. F. (2003). Insurance law in a nutshell (4th ed.). Thomson/West.
    Eggers, P. M., Picken, S., & Foss, P. (2010). Good faith and insurance contracts (3rd ed.). Lloyd’s List.
    Jerry II, R. H., & Richmond D. R. (2018). Understanding Insurance Law (6th ed.). Carolina Academic Press.
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    Lowry, J., & Rawlings, P. (2004). Insurance law: cases and materials. Hart.
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    Malcolm, C. (2005). Policies and perceptions of insurance law in the twenty-first century. Oxford University Press.
    Malcolm, C., & Soyer, B. (2017). The Insurance Act 2015: a new regime for commercial and marine insurance law. Informa Law from Routledge.
    Merkin, R. (2014). Colinvaux’s Law of Insurance (10th ed.). Sweet & Maxwell.
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    (二)期刊
    Akerlof, G. A. (1970). The Market for “Lemons”: Quality Uncertainty and the Market Mechanism. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 84(3), 488–500. https://doi.org/10.2307/1879431
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    Cousy, M. (2008). The Principles of European Insurance Contract Law: the Duty of Disclosure and the Aggravation of Risk. ERA Forum, 9, 119-132. http://doi.org/10.1007/s12027-008-0078-z
    Keeton, R. E. (1970). Insurance law rights at variance with policy provisions. Harvard Law Review, 83(5), 961-985.
    The Increase-of-Hazard Clause in the Standard Fire Insurance Policy. (1963). Harvard Law Review, 76(7), 1472–1480. https://doi.org/10.2307/1338421
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    Lowry, J., & Rawlings, P. (2012). That wicked rule, that evil doctrine: reforming the law on disclosure in insurance contracts. Modern Law Review, 75(6), 1099-1122. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2230.2012.00937.x
    Merkin, R., & George, M. (1998). The continuing duty of utmost good faith. South African Mercantile Law Journal, 10(2), 135-144.
    Olavi-Jüri, L., Rainer, R., & Magnus, B. (2015). Aggravation of Risk and Precautionary Measures in Non-Life Insurance: A Tricky Scope for the Insurer? Baltic Journal of Law & Politics, 8(2), 1-45. http://doi.org/10.1515/bjlp-2015-0017
    Shavell, S. (1979). On Moral Hazard and Insurance. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 93(4), 541–562. https://doi.org/10.2307/1884469
    (三)網路資料
    The Law Commission. (1980). Insurance Law Non-Disclosure and Breach of Warranty (LAW COM NO.104). Retrieved from https://s3-eu-west-2.amazonaws.com/lawcom-prod-storage-11jsxou24uy7q/uploads/2016/08/LC.-104-INSURANCE-LAW-NON-DISCLOSURE-AND-BREACH-OF-WARRANTY-REPORT-ON-A-REFERENCE-UNDER-SECTION-3le-OF-THE-LAW-COMMISSIONS-ACT-1965.pdf
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    三、德文部分
    註釋書
    Looschelders, D./Pohlmann, P. (Hrsg.) (2011). VVG-Kommentar (2. Aufl.). C. Heymanns.
    Prölss, J./Martin, A. (Hrsg.) (2018). Versicherungsvertragsgesetz (29. Aufl.). C. H. Beck.
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    四、日文部分
    大塚英明、金澤理、児玉康夫(編)(2009),《新保険法と保険契約法理の新たな展開》,ぎょうせい。
    山下友信、竹濵修、洲崎博史、山本哲生(2019),《保険法》,四版,有斐閣。
    岡田豊基(2010),《現代保険法》,中央経済社。
    金澤理(2018),《保険法》,成文堂。
    宮島司(編著)(2019),《逐条解説保険法》,弘文堂。
    福田弥夫、古笛恵子(編)(2008),《逐条解說改正保険法》,ぎょうせい。
    潘阿憲(2010),《保険法槪說》,中央経済社。
    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    風險管理與保險學系
    108358014
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0108358014
    Data Type: thesis
    DOI: 10.6814/NCCU202201105
    Appears in Collections:[風險管理與保險學系] 學位論文

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