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| Title: | 全球公共衛生危機下暫時豁免TRIPS條款意義之研究
Study on the Significance of Temporary TRIPS Waiver during Global Pandemic |
| Authors: | 張曦予
Chang, Hsi-Yu |
| Contributors: | 宋皇志
Sung, Huang-Chih
張曦予
Chang, Hsi-Yu |
| Keywords: | 新型冠狀病毒肺炎
疫苗分配不均
暫時豁免 TRIPS 條款
強制授權
COVID-19
Uneven distribution of vaccines
TRIPS Waiver
Compulsory License |
| Date: | 2022 |
| Issue Date: | 2022-08-01 18:53:37 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 由新冠病毒(COVID-19)引發之疫情，演變成當今全球共同面對的緊急公共衛生事件，為有效防堵疫情傳播，疫苗成為人類與新冠病毒抗衡之重要武器 。各國政府、各大藥廠及研究組織積極投入研發新冠疫苗，在疫情爆發一年內輝瑞和BioNTech合作開發的新冠疫苗就獲得緊急授權使用。然而，隨著新冠疫苗量產疫苗分配不均問題逐漸浮出，雖然有世界衛生組織(WHO)發起之COVID-19 Vaccine Global Access(Covax)計畫及自願捐贈疫苗等解決方法，惟這些方法對急需疫苗的國家可謂杯水車薪。直至2021年年中，相較於許多高收入國家疫苗覆蓋率超過60%，印度和非洲等中低收入國家接種率僅
10%或更低。
南非和印度於2020年10月向世界貿易組織(WTO)提案，希望於新冠疫情期間豁免TRIPS協定部分智慧財產權相關條款，解決中低收入國家疫苗獲取問題，以終結疫情。本論文將以中低收入國家疫苗供應問題出發，探討暫時豁免TRIPS協定提案之訴求，並分析為何賦予藥廠專利權與營業秘密會阻礙中低收入國家及時取得疫苗，以及檢視是否有其他替代豁免提案的方法，藉以闡述豁免提案於全球公共衛生危機下之意義與作用，於中低收入國家之疫苗 乃至其他大流行傳染病必要藥品近用困難，與製藥業者智慧財產保護之間尋找平衡機制，若未來發生類此問題時，也可提供思考方向。
The COVID-19 pandemic has evolved into a public health emergency around the world. In order to effectively prevent the spread of the pandemic, vaccines have become an important weapon for mankind to fight against the virus. Most countries, pharmaceutical companies and international organizations have been actively engaged in the R&D of the COVID-19 vaccines. From viral sampling to approval, a vaccine made by Pfizer-BioNTech became the first COVID-19 vaccine to be approved for EUA within a year. Due to the insufficient production of COVID-19 vaccines, the problem of uneven distribution of vaccines has gradually emerged. Although there are solutions such as the Covax program initiated by the WHO and voluntary vaccine donation, these methods are not enough for countries in urgent need of vaccines. By mid-2021, compared with over 60% of the rate of vaccination in many HICs, LMICs such as India and Africa had only 10% or less.
South Africa and India thus proposed “TRIPS Waiver” to the WTO in October 2020, hoping to ensure that IP rights do not create barriers for LMICs to timely access to medical products such as vaccines during the pandemic. The thesis will start from the issue of vaccine supply in LMICs and discuss the proposal of TRIPS Waiver. Besides, the thesis will analyze why patent and trade secrets are barriers for LMICs to timely access to vaccines. Whether there are other alternative ways to solve the issue will be discussed in the thesis as well. The main point of the thesis is to find a feasible mechanism to ease the tension between IP rights and the right for people in LMICs to access emergency medicines. |
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| Description: | 碩士
國立政治大學
科技管理與智慧財產研究所
109364211 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0109364211 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| DOI: | 10.6814/NCCU202200841 |
| Appears in Collections: | [科技管理與智慧財產研究所] 學位論文
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