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    题名: 當遠端控制成為現實:探討Uber駕駛之勞動意識
    When remote control becomes reality: exploring the labor consciousness of Uber drivers
    作者: 莊彙翌
    Chuang, Hui-Yi
    贡献者: 劉梅君
    苗延威

    莊彙翌
    Chuang, Hui-Yi
    关键词: 共享平台
    共享經濟
    零工經濟
    Uber駕駛
    勞動意識
    做件意識
    Sharing platform
    sharing economy
    gig economy
    Uber drivers
    labor consciousness
    piece-work consciousness
    日期: 2022
    上传时间: 2022-08-01 18:25:47 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 近年,共享平台成為新興商業模式,同時也成為各國勞動階級的工作選擇,而Uber作為平台經濟的代表企業,為國內計程車產業掀起改革風潮,Uber駕駛則成為第一線經驗到這類遠端接單的零工勞動者。本研究目的在於描寫勞動者如何經驗到新型態的勞動體制,以及如何從中發展出群體的勞動意識。

    本文以Uber駕駛為研究對象,以Richard Edwards的研究架構分析Uber平台如何透過系統及其機制控制Uber駕駛,分別探討派單、評分系統、等級制度及客服系統如何被資方設計並遠端控制勞動者,再透過深度訪談法,探究駕駛們如何體驗其勞動過程,從中產生特殊的勞動意識;除此之外,本研究也透過謝國雄分析台灣製造業計件工的勞動意識研究,指出Uber駕駛儘管處於新興勞動模式之下,卻仍與計件工同樣發展出相似的做件意識。

    本研究發現,系統的派單機制會促使Uber駕駛的勞動時間加長,加深「時間等於金錢」的工作觀,而勞動者普遍會以「均時薪」的說法作為內部群體的比較基準,然而,卻也會以訴諸個人運氣的「運氣說」,來解釋無法被前者概之的狀況。其次,本文闡述Uber的評分系統及等級制度如何作用於個別的勞動者身上,並將其納入一套規訓的手法之中,讓駕駛產生既消極、又合理化這項制度的勞動心態;另外,方案等級的設計,也打造出「時間彈性」與「長工時」並存的特殊情況,而客服系統的侷限性,更讓勞動者面臨可能被停權的焦慮當中,以消極的行動回應非人性化的系統。最後,本文描述在這樣的情況之下,勞動者仍展現出某種程度的自主性及能動性,突顯新型態控制手段與勞動者之間的動態變化;在其中,也點出Uber與傳統計程車的衝突關係,描述Uber駕駛如何藉由差異化區分彼此,形成群體特殊的階級意識。
    Sharing platforms has become a rising business model and popular job option for the labor class in recent years. Uber, as a representative enterprise of the platform economy, has caused a revolutionary change in the domestic taxi industry. Uber drivers have thus become frontline workers who have experience in receiving remote orders. The purpose of this study is to describe how these workers experience the new type of labor system, and how they develop collaborative labor consciousness.

    This research focuses on Uber drivers, analyzing how the Uber platform manages Uber drivers through its system and mechanism. Based on the theoretical framework proposed by Richard Edwards, this study tries to discover how the dispatching system, rating system, grading system, and customer service system designed by Uber control its workers remotely. The qualitative data is collected by interviews to further explore drivers’ working experience and the labor consciousness generated from it. In addition, by comparing Shieh Gwo-Shyong’s study about the labor consciousness of piece-rate workers, a similar labor consciousness has been found between piece-rate workers in a traditional industry and Uber drivers in the new labor model.

    Based on the findings of the study, Uber’s dispatching mechanism is found to increase the working hours of Uber drivers and strengthen the concept that "Time is money". However, workers generally use the term "Average Hourly Wage" as the benchmark for comparison within groups. The "Luck Theory" is also adopted to attribute personal luck to causes that are out of individual control. Second, the impact of Uber`s rating system and grading system on individual workers is interpreted in the study. The findings show that the regulated mechanism has generated drivers’ passive labor consciousness and rationalized it at the same time. Furthermore, the design of the grading system creates a unique coexistence between "time flexibility" and "long working hours". Also, the limitations of the customer service system increase workers’ anxieties about suspension, which leads to their negative responses to the user-hostile system. However, under such circumstances, the workers are still found to display a certain degree of autonomy and agency, highlighting the dynamic changes between new forms of management and workers’ responses. Last but not least, the conflict between Uber and traditional taxi drivers is presented in the study. The findings show the phenomenon that Uber drivers distinguish each other through differentiation, forming a group-specific class consciousness.
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    2022/04/28。https://help.uber.com/zh-TW/driving-and-delivering/article/%E4%B9%98%E5%AE%A2%E5%9C%A8%E5%93%AA%E4%BA%9B%E6%83%85%E6%B3%81%E4%B8%8B%E9%9C%80%E8%A6%81%E6%94%AF%E4%BB%98%E5%8F%96%E6%B6%88%E8%B2%BB%E7%94%A8%EF%BC%9F?nodeId=eebc0564-5228-4d70-997c-0fe63f0753c2
    關於無縫接案行程的資訊。Uber官方網站。最後上網日期:2022/04/29。
    https://www.uber.com/tw/zh-tw/drive/basics/back-to-back-trips/
    描述: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    社會學系
    107254010
    資料來源: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0107254010
    数据类型: thesis
    DOI: 10.6814/NCCU202201088
    显示于类别:[社會學系] 學位論文

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