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Title:	緬甸帕奧禪林復甦「入出息念」禪定 ――「禪修行動」調查研究 Reviving of The Mindfulness-of-Breathing Samādhi at Pa-Auk Monastery in Myanmar: A Field Work Study of Meditation-in-Action
Authors:	陳法菱 Chen, Fa-Ling
Contributors:	蔡源林越建東 Tsai, Yuan-Lin Yue, Jian-Tung 陳法菱 Chen, Fa-Ling
Keywords:	安那般那念緬甸佛教帕奧禪師禪定觀禪敍事田野調查 Mindfulness-of-Breathing Myanmar Buddhism Pa-Auk Sayādaw Concentration Insight Meditation Narrative Filed Work
Date:	2022
Issue Date:	2022-08-01 17:45:20 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	緬甸上座部的「止觀之諍」是學術界極為關注的修行議題，本研究新設「禪修行動調查研究」考察依於禪定基礎而導向涅槃的佛教實踐事實。在禪修實踐場域裡，透過教禪者與學禪者雙重視角、多重情境、多元媒材，構成四大研究素材探究「入出息念禪法」（AnApAnasati，音譯安那般那念），從最前端的古代經論文本如何跨越轉移至最終端當代學禪者內心證悟體驗（簡稱：「禪修行動轉移」）。循此研究脈絡確立「止乘行者」與「純觀行者」是教禪者根據個別初學者而分為「禪定功能最大化」與「禪定功能邊緣化」的二類解脫路徑，實非緬甸大禪師之間存在對立性的見解。本研究以全球唯一實踐「入出息念禪定功能最大化」的國際禪修社群作為個案研究，於緬甸帕奧禪林二大國際禪修中心與海外的密集禪修營中，八年來記錄入出息念禪修行動。文中，除了沉浸式禪修體驗的自我敍説與觀察他者的停滯期實例，也列舉一佰則小參師生對話和「止觀見法者」的殊勝經驗敍事，依時間順序貫穿培育入出息念定力/慧力頂峰經驗的準備期與正修期。包括漸進式身心經驗、修習歷程與正負影響因子，最後經由身心實證的描述性證據聯結至經論文句所述的心識原理運作，確立「入出息念禪定功能最大化」的具體原因與禪修實踐效力。帕奧禪林復甦入出息念「先止後觀」的教禪系統，其集體禪修行動顯示「心清淨」是直觀意門與究竟名色法的起點，同時亦是觀禪階段中教禪者的「外部禪修語意指示」與學禪者的「內在禪修語意指示」二者高度相符的主因。依循帕奧禪師已設定334個朝向現世涅槃的淨化階梯，禪修行動者的實踐動能朝向「禪定功能最大化」的實修路徑，由於具備定力頂峰經驗而形成解脫道的種種實質作用與功能。在本研究「當代禪修行動轉移模型」之「三軸心論」與「四大要素」的分析下，顯示該寺院的入出息念「教禪文本」促成該禪法逐漸朝向系統次第性以及固化的傳播途徑。 Samathayantika and Vipasanāyantika of Theravada in Myanmar are viewed as two opposing camps in the academia. Their opposition has been shaped into inflamed assumption among those Myanmar Sayadawgyis’ opposing views in two kinds of Buddhist meditation traditions. However, according to my four source materials in the field of meditation practice, the beginners’various levels are the consequential reason for those Sayadawgyis’ customized individual training courses by Samatha or Vipasanā. In other words, they represent two kinds of meditation methods lead into or two separate paths to liberation: “marginalizing the samādhi function” and “maximizing the samādhi function”. This research establishes the “Investigation on Meditation-in-Action”, a new method, to examine the fact, Buddhist practice leading to Nibbana based on the foundation of samādhi. Through the dual perspectives, multiple situations, and multi-media materials of the teachers and the learners, the study analyze the four research materials of Mindfulness-of-Breathing (Anāpānasati) on referring with “Transferable Meditation Actions”. That is to say, how modern practitioners can employ the meditative methods in ancient scriptures to achieve inner realization. Firstly, this research inspects a case study of the members at the two major international meditation centers in Pa-Auk Monastery in Myanmar and temporary retreats in Taiwan, international meditation group who practice the path of maximizing the samādhi function by means of Mindfulness-of-Breathing. The investigation results of their eight-year were recorded actions of Mindfulness-of-Breathing. In the dissertation article, the interview of 100 dialogues were listed by chronological order. In addition, there are my self-narratives of immersive meditation experiences, the cases of observing the-others in stagnant periods, and one practitioner’s extraordinary experience of contemplating the Dhamma. Those their narratives were recounted in their preparatory and methodical periods and penetrated until the narrator’s reached concentration or experienced wisdom peak. They described the whole practice process including physical and mental experience and positive, and negative influencing factors. Next, the dissertation links their description of physical and mental evidence with the essential mind manipulation described in the passages of the scriptures and specifies the reasons for and the practice effectiveness were been classified into maximizing the samAdhi function of Mindfulness-of-Breathing. Pa-Auk Monastery has revived the samādhi function of Mindfulness-of-Breathing. The collective meditation actions obviously affirms that Purification of Consciousness is the starting point for discerning “Mind Door”and“Mentality and Materiality”. Purification of Consciousness is also the result of two determinate factors. One is teachers’ instructive sentences, as the external semantic indication of meditation; the other is learners’“Wise Attention”, as the inner semantic indication of meditation. Master Pa-Auk has established 334 steps on spiritual purity for leading to Nibbana in present life so that the practitioners can follow the instructions and devote their energy into maximizing the function of samādhi in liberation path. Due to the experience of the peak of concentration, the practitioners equip themselves with the Peak concentration paves the way for the practitioners toward the path of liberation are formed. In the conclusion, under the analysis factors of the “Three Axes” and “Four Elements” of my newly-built “Model of Modern Transferable Meditation Actions”, Pa-Auk Monastery`s “Meditation teaching texts”of Mindfulness-of-Breathing are contributed to the systematic practice and the format of transmission method gradually moving towards systematic order and solidified linage of transmission.
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Description:	博士國立政治大學宗教研究所 101156504
Source URI:	http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0101156504
Data Type:	thesis
DOI:	10.6814/NCCU202201068
Appears in Collections:	[Graduate Institute of Religious Studies] Theses

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