Loading...
|
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/140710
|
Title: | 整合印太地區空中威懾之研究 The Study of Indo-Pacific Integrated Air Deterrence |
Authors: | 何克力 Hawkley, Cooper Miles |
Contributors: | 甯方璽 Ning, Fang-Shii 何克力 Hawkley, Cooper Miles |
Keywords: | 威懾 整合威懾 整合空中威懾 空中武力 Deterrence Integrated Deterrence Integrated Air Deterrence Air Power |
Date: | 2022 |
Issue Date: | 2022-07-01 16:31:10 (UTC+8) |
Abstract: | 本研究探討了美國印太地區盟國及夥伴的空軍武力,作為新的整合空中威懾戰略的面向,並研究對中國侵略威脅的集體威懾的行動方針。美國的整合威懾戰略仍在發展中,目前並沒有明確的與盟國整合的政策,因此本研究為整合空中威懾的先驅,首先決定了盟國和夥伴參與南中國海和臺灣海峽潛在衝突情景的空中綜合威懾領域的意願和能力,利用各種資料庫及報導綜整編製和分析了多種指標,如當前的空軍能力、條約、最近的政治聲明、歷史軍事合作及武器相容性,以確定為整合威懾做出貢獻的意願和能力。再從那些願意和能夠合作的國家中,建立了潛在的威懾聯盟,並將其總空中力量能力與北約-俄羅斯空中力量平衡進行比較,作為可信和充分威懾的參考。最後,提出了增加盟國和夥伴集體威懾中國的意願和能力和建議。 由研究成果可知美國、澳大利亞和日本之間最有可能進行空軍整合,因為他們在南中國海和臺灣海峽衝突的這兩種情況下都最有意願和能力威懾中國;另在在上述兩種衝突情況下,菲律賓都將是一個重要的基地。將印度納入聯盟的可信成員是整合空中威懾的最大收益,可使印度太平洋聯盟的空中武力與北約可抗衡俄羅斯空中武力平衡相當。關於美國加強印度太平洋地區空中力量一體化的建議包括建立一所聯合飛行員培訓學校,向威懾夥伴打折和加快出售武器,以及鞏固分散的簡易機場基地等。 This research explored the potential integration of U.S. and Indo-Pacific ally/partner air forces as a component of the new integrated deterrence strategy and examined courses of action to increase collective deterrence of Chinese aggression. Integrated deterrence is still in development with no clear policy for integration with foreign forces. This research first determines the willingness and ability of allies and partners to participate in the air domain of integrated deterrence for potential conflict scenarios in the South China Sea and Taiwan Strait. Multiple indicators like current air force capabilities, treaty requirements, recent political statements, historical military cooperation, and weapons compatibility are compiled and analyzed to determine willingness and ability to contribute to collective deterrence. From those nations willing and able to cooperate, potential deterrence coalitions are made and their total air power capabilities compared with the NATO-Russia air power balance as a reference for credible and sufficient deterrence. Finally, recommendations for increasing allies and partners willingness and ability to collectively deter China are made. Integration of air forces is most likely to occur between the U.S., Australia, and Japan as they are the most willing and able to deter China in both scenarios. Taiwan is added in a Taiwan Strait crisis. The Philippines will be a vital basing location in either scenario. The inclusion of India as a credible member of an air deterrence network is the largest potential gain for air deterrence bringing hypothetical coalitions to near parity with the NATO-Russia air power balance. Recommendations for increasing integration of air power in the region include the creation of a Joint Pilot Training school, discounted and expedited sales of weapons to deterrence partners and solidification of dispersed airstrip basing, among others. |
Reference: | “2020 Corruption Perceptions Index.” Transparency International. Accessed January 19, 2022. https://www.transparency.org/en/cpi/2020/index/dnk. “2021 USAF & USSF ALMANAC: Equipment.” Air Force Magazine, June 30, 2021. https://www.airforcemag.com/article/2021-usaf-ussf-almanac-equipment/. “About BFB.” British Forces Brunei. Accessed March 2, 2022. https://www.britishforcesbrunei.co.uk/about-bruneigarrison. “About USFJ.” U.S. Forces Japan. Accessed March 2, 2022. https://www.usfj.mil/About-USFJ/. Abrams, A. B. “Indonesia`s $22 Billion Purchases of Us, French Fighter Jets: How Russia`s Su-35 Lost Out.” The Diplomat, February 15, 2022. https://thediplomat.com/2022/02/indonesias-22-billion-purchases-of-us-french-fighter-jets-how-russias-su-35-lost-out/. Agreement Between the Government of Japan and the Government of the Republic of Korea On the Protection of Classified Military Information § (2016). Agreement Between the Government of the Republic of the Philippines and the Government of the United States of America on Enhanced Defense Cooperation § (2014). Ali, Idrees, and Phil Stewart. “Exclusive: In Rare Move, French Warship Passes through Taiwan Strait.” Reuters. Thomson Reuters, April 25, 2019. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-taiwan-france-warship-china-exclusive/exclusive-in-rare-move-french-warship-passes-through-taiwan-strait-idUSKCN1S10Q7. Aquilino, John. “Inhofe Gets INDOPACOM Nominee on the Record: F-35 `Needed to Win`.” Senator Inhofe, March 23, 2021. https://www.inhofe.senate.gov/newsroom/press-releases/icymi-inhofe-gets-indopacom-nominee-on-the-record-f-35-needed-to-win. Austin, Loyd. “Secretary of Defense Remarks at the 40th International Institute for Strategic Studies Fullerton Lecture.” U.S. Department of Defense, July 27, 2021. https://www.defense.gov/News/Speeches/Speech/Article/2708192/secretary-of-defense-remarks-at-the-40th-international-institute-for-strategic/. “Australia-US Defence Relationship.” Australia in the USA. Australia in the USA, January 12, 2017. https://usa.embassy.gov.au/defence-cooperation. Axe, David. “Japan Has a New Air-Defense Plan-Ignore Chinese Planes.” Forbes. Forbes Magazine, March 5, 2021. https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2021/03/05/japan-has-a-new-air-defense-plan-ignore-chinese-planes/?sh=4774a6046f17. Banerjee, Aritra. “Why US May Finally Admit the Loss of Pakistani F-16 Fighter to Mig-21 Bison as IAF Pilot Gets Gallantry Award?” The EurAsian Times, November 23, 2021. https://eurasiantimes.com/pakistani-f-16-fighter-to-mig-21-bison-as-iaf-pilot-gallantry-award/. Brands, Hal. “Dealing with Allies in Decline: Alliance Management and U.S. Strategy in An Era of Global Power Shifts.” Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments. CSBA, 2017. https://csbaonline.org/uploads/documents/ALLIES_in_DECLINE_FINAL_b.pdf. Beng, Koh Eng. “RSAF Officer Flies S`pore Flag High at US Air Force Academy.” Singapore Ministry of Defense, May 4, 2020. https://www.mindef.gov.sg/web/portal/pioneer/article/feature-article-detail/people/2020-Q2/04may20_news1. Cancain, Mark. “U.S. Military Forces in FY 2021: Air Force.” CSIS Center for Strategic and International Studies, December 2020. https://csis-website-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/publication/201203_Cancian_FY2021_AirForce.pdf. “Cavour.” Marina Militare (Italian Navy). Accessed March 17, 2022. https://www.marina.difesa.it/EN/thefleet/home/Pagine/cavour.aspx. Chan, Minnie. “Taiwan`s F-16V Crash Signals Pilot Training and Fatigue Problems, Analysts Say.” Yahoo! News. Yahoo!, January 12, 2022. https://sg.news.yahoo.com/taiwan-f-16v-crash-signals-123954732.html. “Chinese and Russian Air-Launched Weapons: A Test for Western Air Dominance.” IISS International Institute for Strategic Studies, February 2018. https://www.iiss.org/publications/the-military-balance/the-military-balance-2018/mb2018-01-essays-1. “A Closer Look at China`s `Carrier-Killer` Missiles.” The National Interest. The Center for the National Interest, October 25, 2021. https://nationalinterest.org/blog/reboot/closer-look-chinas-carrier-killer-missiles-195367. Congressional Research Service, and Ben Dolven, In Focus: Indonesia § (2020). Congressional Research Service, and Michael Martin, In Focus: U.S.-Vietnam Relations § (2021). Congressional Research Service, and Ronald O`Rourke, U.S.-China Strategic Competition in South and East China Seas: Background and Issues for Congress § (2021). Congressional Research Service, Ben Dolven, and Bruce Vaughn, In Focus: Malaysia § (2020). Congressional Research Service, Emma Chanlett-Avery, Ben Dolven, and Kirt Smith, Thailand: Background and U.S. Relations § (2020). Congressional Research Service, Emma Chanlett-Avery, Caitlin Campbell, Cathleen Cimino-Isaacs, Mark Manyin, and Brock Williams, Japan-U.S. Relations: Issues for Congress § (2021). Congressional Research Service, Shayerah Akhtar, and K. Alan Kronstadt, In Focus: U.S.-India Trade Relations § (2020). The Constitution of Japan § (1947). Cooney, Christy. “Hypersonic Missiles: UK, US, and Australia to Boost Defence Co-Operation.” BBC News. BBC, April 5, 2022. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-61000416. Cooper, Cortez A. III and Michael S. Chase, Regional Responses to U.S.-China Competition in the Indo-Pacific: Singapore. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 2020. https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR4412z5.html. Also available in print form. “Declassified Cables: Taiwan Arms Sales & Six Assurances (1982).” American Institute in Taiwan, August 31, 2020. https://www.ait.org.tw/our-relationship/policy-history/key-u-s-foreign-policy-documents-region/six-assurances-1982/. “Defence in Malaysia.” Thales Group. Accessed March 17, 2022. https://www.thalesgroup.com/en/countries/asia-pacific/malaysia/defence-malaysia. Diehl, Justin. “Indo-Pacific Deterrence and the Quad in 2030.” Air University. Journal of Indo-Pacific Affairs, January 29, 2021. https://www.airuniversity.af.edu/JIPA/Display/Article/2486944/indo-pacific-deterrence-and-the-quad-in-2030/. Directorate of Defense Trade Controls, Report by the Department of State Pursuant to Section 655 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as Amended Direct Commercial Sales Authorizations for Fiscal Year 2011 § (2012). Directorate of Defense Trade Controls, Report by the Department of State Pursuant to Section 655 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as Amended Direct Commercial Sales Authorizations for Fiscal Year 2012 § (2013). Directorate of Defense Trade Controls, Report to Congress on Direct Commercial Sales Authorizations to Foreign Countries and International Organizations for Fiscal Year 2013 as Required by Section 655 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 § (2014). Directorate of Defense Trade Controls, Report to Congress on Direct Commercial Sales Authorizations to Foreign Countries and International Organizations for Fiscal Year 2014 as Required by Section 655 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 § (2015). Directorate of Defense Trade Controls, Report to Congress on Direct Commercial Sales Authorizations to Foreign Countries and International Organizations for Fiscal Year 2015 as Required by Section 655 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 § (2016). Directorate of Defense Trade Controls, Report to Congress on Direct Commercial Sales Authorizations to Foreign Countries and International Organizations for Fiscal Year 2016 as Required by Section 655 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 § (2017). Directorate of Defense Trade Controls, Report to Congress on Direct Commercial Sales Authorizations to Foreign Countries and International Organizations for Fiscal Year 2017 Sec. 655 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 § (2018). Directorate of Defense Trade Controls, Report to Congress on Direct Commercial Sales Authorizations to Foreign Countries and International Organizations for Fiscal Year 2018 Sec. 655 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 § (2019). Directorate of Defense Trade Controls, Report to Congress on Direct Commercial Sales Authorizations to Foreign Countries and International Organizations for Fiscal Year 2019 Sec. 655 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 § (2020). “Document Indicates China Could Boost Military in Solomons.” NPR. NPR, March 25, 2022. https://www.npr.org/2022/03/25/1088726404/document-indicates-china-could-boost-military-in-solomons. “Dredgers Spotted off Cambodian Naval Base, Where China Is Funding Work.” South China Morning Post. Reuters, January 22, 2022. https://www.scmp.com/news/asia/southeast-asia/article/3164334/dredgers-spotted-cambodias-ream-naval-base-where-china. Dunlap, Charlie. “‘Conceptualizing Integrated Deterrence.’” Lawfire. Duke Univeristy, January 8, 2022. https://sites.duke.edu/lawfire/2022/01/08/guest-post-dr-frank-hoffman-on-conceptualizing-integrated-deterrence/. “Education and Training.” NATO, November 22, 2021. https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_49206.htm. “Euro-NATO Joint Jet Pilot Training Program (ENJJPT).” Sheppard Air Force Base, July 2017. https://www.sheppard.af.mil/Library/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/367537/euro-nato-joint-jet-pilot-training-program-enjjpt/. “F-35A Lightning II.” Royal Australian Air Force, June 13, 2018. https://www.airforce.gov.au/technology/aircraft/strike/f-35a-lightning-ii. “Fact Sheet: Republic of Singapore Air Force`s F-16 Upgrade Program.” Singapore Ministry of Defense, June 30, 2015. https://www.mindef.gov.sg/web/portal/mindef/news-and-events/latest-releases/article-detail/2015/june/2015jun30-news-releases-. “Fact Sheet: The Republic of Singapore Air Force (RSAF)`s F-15SG Multirole Aircraft.” Singapore Ministry of Defense, November 4, 2008. https://www.nas.gov.sg/archivesonline/data/pdfdoc/MINDEF_20081104001/MINDEF_20081104002.pdf. Finnegan, Connor. “US Cleans up Biden`s `Commitment` to Defend Taiwan from Chinese Invasion.” ABC News. ABC News Network, October 23, 2021. https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/us-cleans-bidens-commitment-defend-taiwan-chinese-invasion/story?id=80727528. “First Female Philippine Air Force Aviator Selected for U.S. Aviation Leadership Program.” U.S. Embassy in the Philippines, February 12, 2018. https://ph.usembassy.gov/first-female-paf-aviator-selected-us-aviation-leadership-program-inspired-zamboanga-siege/. Flight Global in Association with Embraer. World Air Forces 2022. Accessed January 2022. https://www.flightglobal.com/reports/world-air-forces-directory-2022/146695.article. Ford, Lindsey, and James Goldgeier. “Retooling America`s Alliances to Manage the China Challenge.” Brookings. Brookings, March 23, 2021. https://www.brookings.edu/research/retooling-americas-alliances-to-manage-the-china-challenge/. “FRCE Returns Final Harrier to Cherry Point Squadron.” NAVAIR. Naval Air Systems Command, November 16, 2021. https://www.navair.navy.mil/news/FRCE-returns-final-Harrier-Cherry-Point-squadron/Tue-11162021-1518. French Ministry of Armed Forces, Strategic Update 2021 § (2021). Funaiole, Matthew, Joseph Bermudez, and Brian Hart. “Signs Point to China`s Third Aircraft Carrier Launching Soon.” Center for Strategic and International Studies, March 21, 2022. https://www.csis.org/analysis/signs-point-chinas-third-aircraft-carrier-launching-soon. Gady, Franz-Stefan. “Japan Intercepted Chinese Military Aircraft 675 Times in Fiscal Year 2019.” The Diplomat, April 10, 2020. https://thediplomat.com/2020/04/japan-intercepted-chinese-military-aircraft-675-times-in-fiscal-year-2019/. Garamone, Jim. “Concept of Integrated Deterrence Will Be Key to National Defense Strategy, DOD Official Says.” U.S. Department of Defense, December 8, 2021. https://www.defense.gov/News/News-Stories/Article/Article/2866963/concept-of-integrated-deterrence-will-be-key-to-national-defense-strategy-dod-o/. Garamone, Jim. “Philippine President Restores Visiting Forces Agreement with U.S.” U.S. Department of Defense, July 30, 2021. https://www.defense.gov/News/News-Stories/Article/Article/2713638/philippine-president-restores-visiting-forces-agreement-with-us/. “Garibaldi.” Marina Militare (Italian Navy). Accessed March 17, 2022. https://www.marina.difesa.it/EN/thefleet/home/Pagine/garibaldi.aspx. Gonzales, Cathrine. “PAF Sends Fa-50 Jets to Intercept `Unknown Aircraft` off Pangasinan.” INQUIRER.net, September 4, 2021. https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1483295/paf-sends-fa-50-jets-to-intercept-unknown-aircraft. “Global Freedom Scores: Countries and Territories.” Freedom House. Accessed January 19, 2022. https://freedomhouse.org/countries/freedom-world/scores. Gross, Christopher. “First Vietnamese Student Graduates from US Aviation Leadership Program.” U.S. Indo-Pacific Command, June 6, 2019. https://www.pacom.mil/Media/News/News-Article-View/Article/1868961/first-vietnamese-student-graduates-from-us-aviation-leadership-program/. Grossman, Derek, Regional Responses to U.S.-China Competition in the Indo-Pacific: Vietnam. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 2020. https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR4412z6.html. Also available in print form.H.R.2479 - Taiwan Relations Act (1979). Grossman, Derek, and Dung Huynh. “Vietnam`s Defense Policy of `No` Quietly Saves Room for `Yes`.” RAND Corporation, January 21, 2019. https://www.rand.org/blog/2019/01/vietnams-defense-policy-of-no-quietly-saves-room-for.html. Hansler, Jennifer, and Brad Lendon. “US Warns China It Stands Committed to Philippine Defense.” CNN. Cable News Network, July 12, 2021. https://edition.cnn.com/2021/07/12/asia/us-philippines-south-china-sea-intl-hnk/index.html. Harding, Brian. “Moving the U.S-Thailand Alliance Forward.” Center for Strategic and International Studies, August 7, 2018. https://www.csis.org/analysis/moving-us-thailand-alliance-forward. Hardy, Jane. “Integrated Deterrence in the Indo-Pacific: Advancing the Australia-United States Alliance.” United States Studies Centre, October 15, 2021. https://www.ussc.edu.au/analysis/integrated-deterrence-in-the-indo-pacific-advancing-the-australia-united-states-alliance. Harold, Scott. “Reinforcing U.S. Deterrence in the Indo-Pacific after the Fall of Afghanistan.” RAND Corporation, September 3, 2021. https://www.rand.org/blog/2021/09/reinforcing-us-deterrence-in-the-indo-pacific-after.html. Haver, Zachary. “French Warship Docks in Vietnam as Foreign Powers Step up in South China Sea.” Radio Free Asia, March 12, 2021. https://www.rfa.org/english/news/china/france-southchinasea-03122021135920.html. Hawkley, Cooper. “Changing Realities for the Future of US Air Power.” In National Defense University International Symposium in Strategies Studies: Challenges and Opportunities for International Security in the 21st Century. Taoyuan Taiwan, 2021. Hedrick, Chase. “Japanese Officers: Columbus` Pilot Training Is `Impressive`.” Air Education and Training Command, March 8, 2013. https://www.aetc.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/261226/japanese-officers-columbus-pilot-training-is-impressive/. Heginbotham, Eric, Michael Nixon, Lyle Morris, Kule Brady, Burgess Laird, David Frelinger, David Shalpak, et al. “Scorecard 2: Air Campaigns Over Taiwan and the Spratly Islands.” Essay. In the U.S.-China Military Scorecard: Forces, Geography, and the Evolving Balance of Power, 1996-2017, 71–96. Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2015. “History of 80th Flying Training Wing & ENJJPT.” Sheppard Air Force Base. Accessed April 6, 2022. https://www.sheppard.af.mil/Library/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/367539/history-of-80th-flying-training-wing-enjjpt/. “HMS Queen Elizabeth: All You Need to Know about the Aircraft Carrier.” Forces Network, May 23, 2021. https://www.forces.net/news/hms-queen-elizabeth-all-you-need-know-about-britains-aircraft-carrier. Hong, Xixi. “Italy Changes Track: From the Belt and Road to (Re)Alignment with Washington.” IAI Istituto Affari Internazionali, December 20, 2021. https://www.iai.it/en/pubblicazioni/italy-changes-track-belt-and-road-realignment-washington. Hunnicutt, Elaine. “British Pilot Finishes Raptor Training at Tyndall.” Air Force, July 26, 2006. https://www.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/130297/british-pilot-finishes-raptor-training-at-tyndall/. Hähnlein, Rayk. “Air Power - Credible Deterrence and Defense Call for Superior Air Forces. NATO Has Realized That.” Federal Academy for Security Policy, June 2018. https://www.baks.bund.de/en/working-papers/2018/air-power-credible-deterrence-and-defence-call-for-superior-air-forces-nato-has. “India Says Deliveries of Russian S-400 Defense System Have Begun.” Weapons News | Al Jazeera. Al Jazeera, December 6, 2021. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/12/6/india-russian-s-400-missile-defence-system-delivery. “India`s $20B Fighter Aircraft (MRFA) Contract: Military Experts Junk US Jets; Bet Big on French Rafales -- Eurasian Times Survey.” EurAsian Times, February 7, 2022. https://eurasiantimes.com/indias-20b-multi-role-fighter-aircraft-mrfa-contract-junk-us-fighters/. “India`s New Aircraft Carrier Vikrant Starts 3rd Round of Sea Trials.” Naval News, January 10, 2022. https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2022/01/indias-new-aircraft-carrier-vikrant-starts-3rd-round-of-sea-trials/. “Indonesia Selects Nasams Air Defence System.” Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace, March 12, 2019. https://www.kongsberg.com/no/kda/news/news-archive/2017/indonesia-selects-nasams-air-defence-system/. “Indonesia – F-15ID Aircraft.” Defense Security Cooperation Agency, February 10, 2022. https://www.dsca.mil/press-media/major-arms-sales/indonesia-f-15id-aircraft. “Indonesia – Regeneration and Upgrade of F-16C/D Block 25 Aircraft.” Defense Security Cooperation Agency, November 17, 2011. https://www.dsca.mil/press-media/major-arms-sales/indonesia-regeneration-and-upgrade-f-16cd-block-25-aircraft. Inoue, Makiko, and Ben Dooley. “Japan Approves Major Hike in Military Spending, with Taiwan in Mind.” The New York Times. The New York Times, December 24, 2021. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/23/business/japan-defense-spending.html. Insinna, Valerie. “US Air Force to Mothball Dozens of A-10s, F-15s and F-16s in FY22 Budget.” Defense News, May 28, 2021. https://www.defensenews.com/congress/budget/2021/05/28/us-air-force-to-mothball-dozens-of-a-10s-f-15s-and-f-16s-in-fy22-budget/. “International Flight Training School: Technical Arrangement Signed for the Training of Japanese Military Pilots in Italy.” October 26, 2021. https://www.leonardo.com/en/press-release-detail/-/detail/26-10-2021-international-flight-training-school-technical-arrangement-signed-for-the-training-of-japanese-military-pilots-in-italy. Jaleco, Rodney. “Meet Filipino Who Will Graduate with Honors at US Academy.” ABS. ABS-CBN News, May 27, 2013. https://news.abs-cbn.com/global-filipino/05/22/13/meet-filipino-who-graduates-honors-us-academy. “Japan Scrambling Jets Less against China as More F-35 Deployment Eyed.” Kyodo News+, March 3, 2021. https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2021/03/ef1d2ba18bec-japan-scrambling-jets-less-against-china-as-more-f-35-deployment-eyed.html. “Japan – F-35 Joint Strike Fighter Aircraft.” Defense Security Cooperation Agency, July 9, 2020. https://www.dsca.mil/press-media/major-arms-sales/japan-f-35-joint-strike-fighter-aircraft-0. Kajimoto, Tetsushi, and Kiyoshi Takenaka. “Japan Deputy PM Comment on Defending Taiwan If Invaded Angers China.” Reuters. Reuters, July 6, 2021. https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/japans-aso-peaceful-solution-desirable-any-taiwan-contingency-2021-07-06/. Karlin, Mara. “Why Military Assistance Programs Disappoint: Minor Tools Can`t Solve Major Problems.” Brookings. Brookings, November 3, 2017. https://www.brookings.edu/articles/why-military-assistance-programs-disappoint/. Kuik, Cheng-Chwee. “Mapping Malaysia in the Evolving Indo-Pacific Construct.” JSTOR. Council for Security Cooperation in the Asia Pacific, 2019. https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/resrep22261.14.pdf. Layton, Peter. “Singapore`s Careful F-35 Fighter Aircraft Purchase.” The Interpreter. The Interpreter, March 18, 2019. https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/singapore-s-careful-f-35-fighter-aircraft-purchase. Lee, Chung Min. “South Korea Is Caught between China and the United States.” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, October 21, 2020. https://carnegieendowment.org/2020/10/21/south-korea-is-caught-between-china-and-united-states-pub-83019. Liu Xuanzun. “China`s WS-15 Turbofan Engine Undergoes Tests, Shows Improved Performance.” Global Times, March 14, 2022. https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202203/1254846.shtml. Lopes da Silva, Diego, Nan Tian, and Alexandra Marksteiner. “Trends in World Military Expenditure, 2020.” SIPRI, April 2021. https://www.sipri.org/publications/2021/sipri-fact-sheets/trends-world-military-expenditure-2020. Lopez, C. Todd. “Time for Guam Missile Defense Build-up Is Now.” U.S. Department of Defense, December 8, 2021. https://www.defense.gov/News/News-Stories/Article/Article/2866855/time-for-guam-missile-defense-build-up-is-now/. Lovelace, Amanda. “Strengthening U.S.-Japan Alliance through Pilot Training at Altus Air Force Base.” Air Education and Training Command, June 10, 2021. https://www.aetc.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/2653980/strengthening-us-japan-alliance-through-pilot-training-at-altus-air-force-base/. Mahadzir, Dzirhan. “French Carrier Charles De Gaulle Leaves for 2022 Deployment with U.S. Destroyer.” USNI News, February 1, 2022. https://news.usni.org/2022/02/01/french-carrier-charles-de-gaulle-leaves-for-2022-deployment. Mahadzir, Dzirhan. “Russia, China Wrap up Drills off Japan, Pledge More Joint Exercises.” USNI News, October 25, 2021. https://news.usni.org/2021/10/25/russia-china-wrap-up-drills-off-japan-pledge-more-joint-exercises. Mahadzir, Dzirhan. “Video: Japan`s Largest Warship Launches U.S. Marine F-35s; First Fighters to Fly from Japanese Ship since WWII.” USNI News, October 5, 2021. https://news.usni.org/2021/10/05/video-japans-largest-warship-launches-u-s-marine-f-35s-first-fighters-to-fly-from-japanese-ship-since-wwii. Mahshie, Abraham. “Austin Announces Increased Air Operations, Force Deployments to Australia.” Air Force Magazine, November 8, 2021. https://www.airforcemag.com/austin-announces-increased-air-operations-force-deployments-to-australia/. “Major Arms Sales.” Major Arms Sales | Defense Security Cooperation Agency. DSCA. Accessed February 18, 2022. https://www.dsca.mil/press-media/major-arms-sales. Majumdar, Dave. “If Russia or China Attack This Big Weakness in America`s Military, It Would Be Trouble.” The National Interest. The Center for the National Interest, May 30, 2017. https://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-buzz/if-russia-or-china-attack-big-weakness-americas-military-it-20899. “Malaysian Air Force Scrambles Hawk Jets after Chinese Military Planes Detected near Its National Airspace.” CNA, June 1, 2021. https://www.channelnewsasia.com/asia/malaysia-air-force-scramble-jets-china-national-airspace-1823011. “Malaysian Armed Forces Boosts Air Defence Capabilities with Thales.” Thales Group, November 14, 2018. https://www.thalesgroup.com/en/united-kingdom/press-release/malaysian-armed-forces-boosts-air-defence-capabilities-thales. Mangosing, Frances. “PH Air Force Training for Israeli Air Defense System Already Ongoing.” INQUIRER.net, March 10, 2021. https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1405036/ph-air-force-training-for-israeli-air-missile-system-already-ongoing. Mastro, Oriana. “Military Confrontation in the South China Sea.” Council on Foreign Relations. Council on Foreign Relations, May 21, 2020. https://www.cfr.org/report/military-confrontation-south-china-sea. “Meet the Australian Pilot Flying F-22s with the USAF in the NT.” The Interpreter. Lowy Institute, March 1, 2017. https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/meet-australian-pilot-flying-f-22s-usaf-nt. Memorandum on Security Assurances in Connection with Ukraine’s Accession to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons § (1994). “Military Aircraft Strength (2022).” Global Firepower - World Military Strength. Accessed February 16, 2022. https://www.globalfirepower.com/aircraft-total.php. “Military Expenditure (% of GDP).” The World Bank. Accessed February 16, 2022. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/MS.MIL.XPND.GD.ZS. “Military Planes Land on Road in Drills.” Taipei Times, September 15, 2021. https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2021/09/16/2003764444. Ministry of National Defense, 2019 Viet Nam National Defense § (2019). “Missiles of China.” Missile Threat. CSIS, April 12, 2021. https://missilethreat.csis.org/country/china/. “Mistral Atlas: Ground Based Air Defense.” MBDA, March 2, 2022. https://www.mbda-systems.com/product/mistral-atlas/. Moeder, Brooke. “Joint Training Makes Australia`s F-35 Mission Fully Operational.” Air Force, October 17, 2020. https://www.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/2382702/joint-training-makes-australias-f-35-mission-fully-operational/. Moriyasu, Ken. “U.S. Should Abandon Ambiguity on Taiwan Defense: Japan`s Abe.” Nikkei Asia. Nikkei Asia, February 27, 2022. https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/U.S.-should-abandon-ambiguity-on-Taiwan-defense-Japan-s-Abe. Mutual Defense Treaty between the Republic of the Philippines and the United States of America § (1951). Mutual Defense Treaty Between the United States and the Republic of Korea § (1953). “NASAMS Air Defence System.” Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace, June 2021. https://www.kongsberg.com/no/kda/what-we-do/defence-and-security/integrated-air-and-missile-defence/nasams-air-defence-system/. “NATO Exercises.” NATO Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe. Accessed April 6, 2022. https://shape.nato.int/page11283634/knowing-nato/episodes/nato-exercises#:~:text=In%202021%2C%20the%20number%20of,also%20been%20increased%20to%20220. Nepomuceno, Priam. “AFP Boosts Air Defense with Mistral 3 Surface-to-Air Missile.” Philippine News Agency. Philippine News Agency, October 11, 2021. https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1156199. Nepomuceno, Priam. “Ph Can`t Get F-16 Jets for Now Due to Budget Woes.” Philippine News Agency, September 16, 2021. https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1153692. Nepomuceno, Priam. “Ph to Acquire Spyder Missiles from Israel: Lorenzana.” Philippine News Agency, January 24, 2019. https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1059924. Nepomuceno, Priam. “US, Ph Fighter Jets to Join Air Combat Maneuver Drills.” Philippine News Agency, March 14, 2022. https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1169675. The North Atlantic Treaty § (1949). Office of the Secretary of Defense, Military and Security Developments Involving the Peoples Republic of China 2021 § (2021). Office of the Secretary of the Air Force, and Kelli Seybolt, AFI 16-108 Managing the Aviation Leadership Program § (2019). “Our Capabilities.” Republic of Singapore Air Force. Accessed March 17, 2022. https://www.mindef.gov.sg/oms/rsaf/careers/about-us/our-capabilities.html#lightbox-aster30. “Pacific Training for Carrier Strike Group as Japan Visit Comes to an End.” Royal Navy, September 10, 2021. https://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/news-and-latest-activity/news/2021/september/10/210910-carrier-strike-group-in-japan. Pandey, Vikas. “Ukraine: Why India Is Not Criticizing Russia over Invasion.” BBC News. BBC, March 1, 2022. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-60552273. Peri, Dinakar. “Navy to Get New Carrier-Based Jet by 2032, to Replace MiG-29K.” The Hindu, July 13, 2020. https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/navy-to-get-new-carrier-based-jet-by-2032-to-replace-mig-29k/article32070823.ece. Phuong, Nguyen The. “Vietnam`s 2019 Defense White Paper: Preparing for a Fragile Future.” Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative, December 17, 2019. https://amti.csis.org/vietnams-2019-defense-white-paper-preparing-for-a-fragile-future/. Quackenbush, Stephen L. “General Deterrence and International Conflict: Testing Perfect Deterrence Theory.” International Interactions 36, no. 1 (2010): 60–85. https://doi.org/10.1080/03050620903554069. “Rapid Dragon`s First Live Fire Test of a Palletized Weapon System Deployed from a Cargo Aircraft Destroys Target.” Air Force Research Laboratory, December 16, 2021. https://www.afrl.af.mil/News/Article/2876048/rapid-dragons-first-live-fire-test-of-a-palletized-weapon-system-deployed-from/. Ripley, Will, Eric Cheung, and Ben Westcott. “Exclusive: Taiwan`s President Confirms Presence of US Military Trainers on the Island.” CNN. Cable News Network, October 28, 2021. https://edition.cnn.com/2021/10/27/asia/tsai-ingwen-taiwan-china-interview-intl-hnk/index.html. Roblin, Sebastien. “Lots of Air-to-Air Missiles Make the F-15EX A Deadly Killer.” The National Interest. The Center for the National Interest, October 2, 2021. https://nationalinterest.org/blog/reboot/lots-air-air-missiles-make-f-15ex-deadly-killer-194595. Saunders, Philip, and Kevin McGuiness. “The Changing Balance of Military Power in the Indo-Pacific Region.” Hoover Institute, October 2020. https://www.hoover.org/sites/default/files/research/docs/saunders-mcguiness_kt_final_copy.pdf. Savage, Lynn. “US INDOPACOM`s Integrated Air and Missile Defense Vision 2028: Integrated Deterrence toward a Free and Open Indo-Pacific.” Air University (AU). Journal of Indo-Pacific Affairs, January 28, 2022. https://www.airuniversity.af.edu/JIPA/Display/Article/2915508/us-indopacoms-integrated-air-and-missile-defense-vision-2028-integrated-deterre/. Schaefer, David. “Beyond Pine Gap: US-Australia Intelligence Ties.” Australian Institute of International Affairs, June 4, 2018. https://www.internationalaffairs.org.au/australianoutlook/beyond-pine-gap-us-australia-intelligence-ties/. Security Treaty between Australia, New Zealand and the United States of America [ANZUS] § (1951). Smeltz, Dina, and Craig Kafura. “For First Time, Half of Americans Favor Defending Taiwan If China Invades.” Chicago Council on Global Affairs. The Chicago Council on Global Affairs, August 26, 2021. https://www.thechicagocouncil.org/research/public-opinion-survey/first-time-half-americans-favor-defending-taiwan-if-china-invades. Smith, Patrick. “Putin Puts Nuclear Deterrent Forces on `High Alert` amid Spiraling Tensions over Ukraine.” NBCNews. NBCUniversal News Group, February 28, 2022. https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/putin-orders-nuclear-deterrent-forces-high-alert-tensions-build-ukrain-rcna17853. Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty (Manila Pact) § (1954). “Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO), 1954.” U.S. Department of State. Accessed March 16, 2022. https://history.state.gov/milestones/1953-1960/seato#:~:text=In%20September%20of%201954%2C%20the,Asia%20Treaty%20Organization%2C%20or%20SEATO.&text=The%20purpose%20of%20the%20organization,gaining%20ground%20in%20the%20region. “South Korea to Continue Intelligence-Sharing Pact with Japan.” BBC News. BBC, November 23, 2019. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-50526883. “Spyder Family.” Rafael Advanced Defense Systems, March 2019. https://www.rafael.co.il/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Spyder-Family-eng.pdf. “Taiwanese Graduate Waves ROC Flag at U.S. Air Force Academy Ceremony.” Focus Taiwan. Focus Taiwan - CNA English News, June 1, 2019. https://focustaiwan.tw/politics/201906010005. Thomspom, Drew. “Winning the Fight Taiwan Cannot Afford to Lose.” Institute for National Strategic Studies. National Defense University, October 2021. https://www.ndu.edu/Portals/68/Documents/stratforum/SF-310.pdf?ver=OI3t4rTV3dwdRmHbegyghA%3D%3D. Tirpak, John. “Brown: NGAD Will Be a Multirole Fighter.” Air Force Magazine, June 18, 2021. https://www.airforcemag.com/ngad-multirole-fighter-f-35-block-4/. Tiwari, Sakshi. “Second Snub for F-35 Stealth Jets? Spain Approves Eurofighter Typhoons Under `Project Halcon`.” The EurAsian Times, December 16, 2021. https://eurasiantimes.com/spain-approves-eurofighter-typhoons-under-project-halcon/. Travis, Caira. “Building Partner Aviation Capacity Seminar Held in the Indo-Pacific Aor.” Air Force Special Operations Command, October 23, 2019. https://www.afsoc.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/2000890/building-partner-aviation-capacity-seminar-held-in-the-indo-pacific-aor/. Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security Between Japan and the United States of America § (1960). Tu, Aaron, and Johnathan Chin. “Air Force Training Hours Diverted to Interceptions.” Taipei Times, March 13, 2021. https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2021/03/14/2003753796. “U.S.- Japan Joint Leaders` Statement: ‘U.S. - Japan Global Partnership for a New Era.’” The White House. The United States Government, April 17, 2021. https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/04/16/u-s-japan-joint-leaders-statement-u-s-japan-global-partnership-for-a-new-era/. “U.S.-Japan Joint Press Statement.” U.S. Department of State. U.S. Department of State, March 16, 2021. https://www.state.gov/u-s-japan-joint-press-statement/. USAID Chief Information Office, U.S. Foreign Assistance, Fiscal Years 1946–2019, Greenbook Excel § (2020). https://foreignassistance.gov/reports. USAID Chief Information Office, U.S. Overseas Loans and Grants: Obligations and Loan Authorizations, July 1, 1945–September 30, 2019 § (2020). USSTRATCOM, Deterrence Operations Joint Operating Concept. version 2.0 § (2006). “Weapons Gallery.” JASDF Japan Air Self-Defense Force. Accessed March 2, 2022. https://www.mod.go.jp/asdf/English_page/gallery/. Wei, Li. “Highlights of China-Russia Joint Exercise Zapad/Interaction-2021.” China ministry of national defense, August 10, 2021. http://eng.mod.gov.cn/news/2021-08/10/content_4891553.htm. “What We Do.” NATO JFTC. Accessed April 6, 2022. https://www.jftc.nato.int/organization/what-we-do. The White House, and Joseph Biden, Interim National Security Strategic Guidance § (2021). The White House, Indo-Pacific Strategy of the United States § (2022). The White House, Joint Leaders Statement on AUKUS § (2021). The Whitehouse, National Security Strategy of the United States of America § (2017). “World Factbook: China.” CIA. Central Intelligence Agency. Accessed March 23, 2022. https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/china/#military-and-security. “The World Factbook.” CIA. Central Intelligence Agency. Accessed February 16, 2022. https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/. Yeo, Mike. “Malaysia Keen on Buying Kuwait`s Hornet Fighter Jets.” Defense News, December 23, 2021. https://www.defensenews.com/global/asia-pacific/2021/12/23/malaysia-keen-on-buying-kuwaits-hornet-fighter-jets/. Yeung, Jessie, Yoonjung Seo, and Paula Hancocks. “How South Korea`s New President Could Shake up the Region.” CNN. Cable News Network, March 11, 2022. https://edition.cnn.com/2022/03/10/asia/yoon-suk-yeol-new-south-korean-president-stance-intl-hnk/index.html. Yu, Matt, and Joseph Yeh. “Mechanical Malfunction Likely behind Mirage-2000 Crash: Air Force.” Focus Taiwan. Focus Taiwan - CNA English News, March 14, 2022. https://focustaiwan.tw/politics/202203140024. 風傳媒. “軍方擬投逾百億元,為中風的博勝案復健.” 新新聞, January 8, 2021. https://new7.storm.mg/article/3364237. |
Description: | 碩士 國立政治大學 亞太研究英語碩士學位學程(IMAS) 109926029 |
Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0109926029 |
Data Type: | thesis |
DOI: | 10.6814/NCCU202200512 |
Appears in Collections: | [亞太研究英語博/碩士學位學程(IDAS/IMAS)] 學位論文
|
Files in This Item:
File |
Description |
Size | Format | |
602901.pdf | | 1871Kb | Adobe PDF2 | 172 | View/Open |
|
All items in 政大典藏 are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved.
|