Loading...
|
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/140673
|
| Title: | 歐洲歌唱大賽與國家品牌行銷：NBI排名前端國家之個案研究
Eurovision Song Contest and Nation Branding: The Case Study of Highly Ranked NBI Countries |
| Authors: | 游安娜
Jonjic, Ana |
| Contributors: | 林芝璇
Lin, Elaine
游安娜
Jonjic, Ana |
| Keywords: | 國家品牌形象
國家品牌指標
歐洲歌唱大賽
國家認同
媒介景觀
Nation branding
Nation Brand Index
Eurovision Song Contest
National identity
Mediascapes |
| Date: | 2022 |
| Issue Date: | 2022-07-01 16:23:47 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 本研究旨於探討擁有較佳之國家品牌指數（NBI）的國家，如何透過主辦歐洲歌唱大賽來塑造自我國家之形象。透過個案研究法，本研究以NBI安霍爾特國家品牌指數（Anholt Nation Brand Index）為基礎，挑選排名前二十且過去曾經主辦過大賽之國家進行研究，即2015 年的主辦國奧地利、2016 年的主辦國瑞典及 2021 年的主辦國荷蘭。本研究分別透過該年度大賽官方媒體的傳播訊息，分析其象徵性、功能性及體驗性意涵，以釐清該主辦國如何於歐洲歌唱大賽中，傳達、形塑及強化其國家品牌形象；並進一步比較大賽官方媒體和外部大眾媒體中，訊息呈現之差異性。本研究結果發現，這些個案除了關注與泛歐文化價值觀相符之立場外，亦突顯該主辦國能夠解決當代政治與社會問題之能力，透過歐洲歌唱大賽推廣該主辦國的正向國家品牌形象，使觀眾產生共鳴。雖然部分外部大眾媒體與大賽官方媒體所呈現之內容、 脈絡略有不同 ， 但在整體國家品牌形象展現 上，並未見顯著差異 。本研究根據個案分析結果，探討理論及實務面之意涵，並為後續研究提供具體可行之建議方向。
The Eurovision Song Contest was often studied through the lens of the nation branding. There have been previous studies showing the ways that former communist countries and less known countries have used the platform to rebrand themselves. However, there is not a lot of studies done on how the countries with a strong brand choose to brand themselves on the Eurovision Song Contest. This study aims to explore on how the countries with a strong NBI have used the Eurovision Song Contest as a platform for nation branding. Specifically, it investigates how the host countries display different identity levels through visual cues and internal media, as well as how does this image get further spread in the external media.
To explore this topic, the case studies were chosen as a suitable research method. The cases were selected by looking into host countries ranking on the Anholt Nation Brand Index and choosing those with the NBI Rank lower than 20 which resulted in choices of three editions - Austria 2015, Sweden 2016 and the Netherlands 2021. The case studies analyzed the visual cues from three different identity levels (i.e., symbolic, functional, and experiential) to deduct the internal narrative that was compared to the external media to determine the gap in the information spread.
The findings showed that in comparison with the countries with a weaker nation brand, the host countries with a strong NBI not only aligned with a pan-European identity, but they also presented an image of themselves that painted them as those capable of tackling the current political and societal issues. The analysis of the external media has shown some of the news sites diverting slightly from the official narrative. Nevertheless, the overall image was not framed in an entirely different fashion. Although the case studies give the potential readings into host countries perceptions as the result of hosting the Eurovision Song Contest, the further research in a form of survey or interviews would have to be done to help determine the relationship between the nation branding strategy and the image promotion on the Eurovision Song Contest. |
| Reference: | "Building Bridges" lyrics. Azlyrics.com. Retrieved 12 May 2022, from https://www.azlyrics.com/lyrics/conchitawurst/buildingbridges.html.
"Sweet Water" Lyrics. Azlyrics.com. Retrieved 12 May 2022, from https://www.azlyrics.com/lyrics/davinamichelle/sweetwater.html.
2020 postcard concept revealed as Dutch people can join in on the fun. Eurovision.tv. (2019). Retrieved 12 May 2022, from https://eurovision.tv/story/eurovision-2020-postcards- concept-revealed.
Aaker, J.L. (1997), Dimensions of brand personality, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 34 No. 3, pp. 347-356.
About Us. ESC Insight - Home of the Unofficial Eurovision Song Contest Podcast. Retrieved 12 May 2022, from https://escinsight.com/about/.
About Us. ESCToday. Retrieved 12 May 2022, from https://esctoday.com/about-us/.
About wiwibloggs. wiwibloggs. Retrieved 12 May 2022, from https://wiwibloggs.com/about- 2/.
Afrojack, Glennis Grace and Wulf to Perform at the Interval of Eurovision 2021 - Eurovoix. Eurovoix. (2021). Retrieved 18 May 2022, from https://eurovoix.com/2021/04/05/afrojack-glennis-grace-wulf-eurovision-2021/.
Ahmad Joudeh. Ahmad Joudeh. Retrieved 12 May 2022, from http://www.ahmadjoudeh.com/.
Anderson, I. (2021). How did Sweden become one of the world’s biggest music exporters?. The Local. Retrieved 12 May 2022, from https://www.thelocal.se/20210729/how-did- sweden-become-one-of-the-worlds-biggest-music-exporters/.
Andersson, K. (2022). What Swedish People Are Like (Behaviors & Stereotypes Explained). Nordicperspective.com. Retrieved 12 May 2022, from https://nordicperspective.com/culture/what-swedish-people-are-really-like.
Anholt, S. (2003). Branding places and nations. Brands and Branding, 213–226. Anholt, S. (2006). Brand new justice. Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann.
Anholt, S. (2007). Competitive identity: The new brand management for nations, cities and regions. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Appadurai, A. (1990). Disjuncture and Difference in the Global Cultural Economy. Theory, Culture &Amp; Society, 7(2-3), 295-310. https://doi.org/10.1177/026327690007002017
Appadurai, A. (1996) Modernity at Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalization. Minneapolis
/ London: University of Minnesota Press
Arnegger, J., & Herz, M. (2016). Economic and destination image impacts of mega-events in emerging tourist destinations. Journal Of Destination Marketing & Management, 5(2), 76-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2015.11.007
Aronczyk, M. (2008) “Living the Brand”: Nationality, Globality and the Identity Strategies of Branding Consultants’, International Journal of Communication, 2: 41-65.
Baker, C. (2008). Wild Dances and Dying Wolves: Simulation, Essentialization, and National Identity at the Eurovision Song Contest. Popular Communication: The International Journal of Media and Culture 6: 3 173-189.
Baker, C. (2016). ‘Love Love Peace Peace’: so how did a song about mass violence and national trauma win Eurovision 2016?. Catherine Baker. Retrieved 12 May 2022, from https://bakercatherine.wordpress.com/2016/05/16/love-love-peace-peace-so-how-did-a- song-about-mass-violence-and-national-trauma-win-eurovision-2016/.
Balakrishnan, M. S. (2008). Dubai – a star in the East: a case study in strategic destination branding. Journal of Place management and Development, 1(1), 1753-8335.
Bauer, M. (2015). Vienna: Eurovision host city shows its rebellious side with Protest Song Contest. wiwibloggs. Retrieved 12 May 2022, from https://wiwibloggs.com/2015/03/03/vienna-protest-song-contest/83817/.
Bell, D. (1976). The cultural contradictions of capitalism. New York: Basic Books.
Bigler, R. S., & Liben, L. S. (2007). Developmental intergroup theory: Explaining and reducing children`s social stereotyping and prejudice. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 16(3), 162–166. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2007.00496.x
Bohlman, P. (2015). Eurovision 2015 Vienna: similarities and differences | OUPblog. OUPblog. Retrieved 12 May 2022, from https://blog.oup.com/2015/06/eurovision-song- contest-2015-vienna-two-europes/.
Bolin, G. (2006). Visions of Europe. International Journal of Cultural Studies, 9(2), 189-206.
Bolin, G., and Ståhlberg, P. (2019). The mediatized nation. Identity, agency and audience in nation branding campaigns. Inmediaciones De La Comunicación, 14(2), 187. doi: 10.18861/ic.2019.14.2.2926
Brodala, J. (2017). A Look At Stockholm`s Well-Known Relationship With Eurovision. culturetrip. Retrieved 12 May 2022, from https://theculturetrip.com/europe/sweden/articles/a-look-at-stockholms-well-known- relationship-with-eurovision/.
Caldwell, N. & Freire, J.R. (2004), ‘‘The differences between branding a country, a region and a city: applying the Brand Box model’’, Brand Management, Vol. 12 No. 1, pp. 50-61.
Carlson, C. (2022). Eurovision: The Logic of Logos. Eurovisionworld. Retrieved 14 February 2022, from https://eurovisionworld.com/esc/eurovision-the-logic-of-logos.
Carniel, J. (2019). Nation Branding, Cultural Relations and Cultural Diplomacy at Eurovision: Between Australia and Europe. Eurovisions: Identity And The International Politics Of The Eurovision Song Contest Since 1956, 151-173. doi: 10.1007/978-981-13-9427-0_8
CLEVER ° FRANKE. Behance. Behance.net. Retrieved 18 May 2022, from https://www.behance.net/gallery/94207475/Eurovision-Song-Contest-2020-visual- identity/modules/544297127.
Coleman, S. (2008) Why is the Eurovision Song Contest Ridiculous? Exploring a Spectacle of Embarrassment, Irony and Identity. Popular Communication: The International Journal of Media and Culture, 6:3 (2008): 127-140
Conchita WURST – spreading happiness. Conchitawurst.com. Retrieved 12 May 2022, from https://conchitawurst.com/.
Corner, N. (2015). Eurovision 2015 presenter Alice Tumler: 7 things you need to know. Mirror. Retrieved 12 May 2022, from https://www.mirror.co.uk/tv/tv-news/eurovision-2015- presenter-alice-tumler-5695825.
Corner, N. (2015). Eurovision 2015 presenter Mirjam Weichselbraun: 10 things you need to know. Mirror. Retrieved 12 May 2022, from https://www.mirror.co.uk/tv/tv- news/eurovision-2015-presenter-mirjam-weichselbraun-5694975.
Cull, N. J. (2008). Public diplomacy: Taxonomies and histories. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 616, 31–54.
Culshaw, P. (2005). Eurovision sceptic? Nein, non, ni. The Telegraph. Retrieved 14 February 2022, from
https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/rockandjazzmusic/3642297/Eurovision- sceptic-Nein-non-ni.html.
D’Astous, A. and Boujbel, L. (2007), Positioning countries on personality dimensions: scale development and implications for country marketing, Journal of Business Research, Vol. 60 No. 3, pp. 231-239
Davina Michelle and Thekla Reuten interval act in first semi-final - Eurovision Web. Eurovision Web. (2021). Retrieved 12 May 2022, from https://eurovisionweb.com/news/davina-michelle-and-thekla-reuten-interval-act-in-first- semi-final/.
De Buitléir. (2014). Russia, Ukraine and Belarus Petition Eurovision to Ban Conchita Wurst. EILE Magazine. Retrieved 12 May 2022, from https://eile.ie/2014/04/28/conchita- petition/.
De Mooij, M. (2010), Global Marketing and Advertising. Understanding Cultural Paradoxes, Sage Publications, Los Angeles, CA.
Dee, D. (2021). Jan Smit: 10 facts about the Eurovision 2021 host. wiwibloggs. Retrieved 12 May 2022, from https://wiwibloggs.com/2021/05/04/jan-smit-10-facts-about-the- eurovision-2021-host/264748/.
Delanty, G. (1995) Inventing Europe: Idea, Identity, Reality. London/ Houndmills/ Basingstoke/ Hampshire: McMillan
Dinnie, K. (2009), Nation Branding.Concepts, Issues, Practice, Elsevier, Amsterdam. Dinnie, K. (2015). Nation Branding. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315773612
Domitrovic, I. (2016). JESMO LI USPJELI? Otkrivamo što je slogan `Hrvatska puna života` donio nakon godinu dana. Dnevnik.hr. Retrieved 14 February 2022, from https://dnevnik.hr/vijesti/hrvatska/hrvatska-puna-zivota-sto-je-donio-slogan-godinu- dana-nakon-predstavljanja---425919.html.
Doyle, P. (1992) “Branding”, in The Marketing Book, Second Edition (M.J. Baker, ed.).
Butterworth-Heinemann, UK.
Ellard, C. (2020). Neuroscience, Wellbeing, and Urban Design: Our Universal Attraction to Vitality. Psychological Research On Urban Society, 3(1), 6. https://doi.org/10.7454/proust.v3i1.81
ESC Insight – Home Of The Unofficial Eurovision Song Contest Podcast, https://escinsight.com/
ESCDaily, https://escdaily.com/
ESCXTRA.com, https://escextra.com/
Eurovision 2015 logo and theme art presented!. ESCplus. (2014). Retrieved 12 May 2022, from https://www.esc-plus.com/eurovision-2015-logo-and-theme-art-presented/.
Eurovision 2016: Economic success for Stockholm. Eurovisionworld. (2016). Retrieved 12 May 2022, from https://eurovisionworld.com/esc/eurovision-2016-economic-success- for-stockholm.
Eurovision News, Polls and Information by ESC Today, https://esctoday.com/
Eurovision Song Contest overhauls voting rules. BBC News. (2016). Retrieved 12 May 2022, from https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-35602473.
Eurovision Song Contest to proceed with limited audience. Eurovision.tv. (2021). Retrieved 14 February 2022, from https://eurovision.tv/story/eurovision-song-contest-fieldlab.
Eurovision Song Contest wins Rose D`Or Award. Eurovision.tv. (2016). Retrieved 12 May 2022, from https://eurovision.tv/story/eurovision-song-contest-wins-rose-d-or-award.
Eurovision Song Contest. (2016). Eurovision Song Contest 2016 - Grand Final [Image]. Retrieved 18 May 2022, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=no1v1-2HZ6g.
Eurovision Song Contest. (2016). Eurovision Song Contest 2016 - Semi-Final 2 [Video].
Retrieved 18 May 2022, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nRR3ppOqBzw&t=408s.
Eurovision Song Contest. (2016). Eurovision Song Contest 2016 - Semi-Final 1 [Video].
Retrieved 18 May 2022, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nRR3ppOqBzw&t=408s.
Eurovision Song Contest. (2020). Eurovision Song Contest 2015 - Grand Final - Full Show [Video]. Retrieved 18 May 2022, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=44t24wGdlA0&t=13166s.
Eurovision Song Contest. (2021). Eurovision Song Contest 2021 - First Semi-Final - Live Stream [Video]. Retrieved 18 May 2022, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jRIHdPDt6ew&t=1516s.
Eurovision Song Contest. (2021). Eurovision Song Contest 2021 - Grand Final - Live Stream [Video]. Retrieved 18 May 2022, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=msfdz_aksY8&t=152s.
Eurovision Song Contest. (2021). Eurovision Song Contest 2021 - Second Semi-Final - Live Stream [Video]. Retrieved 18 May 2022, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dVICcSLIHCM.
Eurovision.TV https://eurovision.tv/
Fan, Y. (2006). Branding the nation: What is being branded? Journal of Vacation Marketing, 12(1), 5–14. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356766706056633
Fan, Y. (2010). Branding the nation: Towards a better understanding. Place Branding And Public Diplomacy, 6(2), 97-103. https://doi.org/10.1057/pb.2010.16
Feedly.com, https://feedly.com/
Fetscherin, M. (2010), The determinants and measurement of a country brand: the country brand strength index, International Marketing Review, Vol. 27 No. 4, pp. 466-479.
Flew, T. (2016). Entertainment media, cultural power, and post-globalization: The case of China’s international media expansion and the discourse of soft power. Global Media And China, 1(4), 278-294. https://doi.org/10.1177/2059436416662037
Florida, R. (2008), Who’s Your City? How the Creative Economy Is Making Where to Live the Most Important Decision of Your Life, Basic Books, New York, NY.
Frearson, A. (2012). Sports Concert Complex by GMP Architekten. dezeen. Retrieved 15 February 2022, from https://www.dezeen.com/2012/01/27/sports-concert-complex-by- gmp-architekten/.
Freire, J.R. (2009), ‘‘‘Local people’ a critical dimension for place brands’’, Journal of Brand Management, Vol. 16 No. 7, pp. 420-38.
Gallagher, R. (2015). Swedish charity concert raises KR40 million for refugees. wiwibloggs. Retrieved 12 May 2022, from https://wiwibloggs.com/2015/10/01/swedish-charity- concert-raises-kr40-million-for-refugees/103631/.
Gatzweiler, F., & Baumüller, H. (2014). Marginality—A Framework for Analyzing Causal Complexities of Poverty. Marginality, 27-40. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7061- 4_2
Gender equality. Unicef.org. Retrieved 18 May 2022, from https://www.unicef.org/gender- equality.
Giannopoulos, A., Piha, L. and Avlonitis, G. (2011). “Desti–Nation Branding”: what for?
From the notions of tourism and nation branding to an integrated framework.
Gnoth, J. (2002), ‘‘Leveraging export brands through a tourism brand’’, Journal of Brand Management,Vol. 9 Nos 4/5, pp. 262-80.
Government of the Netherlands. Equal rights for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender and intersex (LGBTI). Government.nl. Retrieved 12 May 2022, from https://www.government.nl/topics/human-rights/human-rights-worldwide/equal-rights- for-lesbian-gay-bisexual-and-transgender-and-intersex-lgbti.
Grobar, M. (2021). Eurovision Song Contest 2021 Brought In 183 Million Viewers – Deadline. Retrieved 30 June 2021, from https://deadline.com/2021/05/eurovision-song-contest- 2021-183-million-viewers-1234766929/
Groot, E. (2019). After 44 years, the Netherlands brings the trophy home again. Eurovision.tv. Retrieved 12 May 2022, from https://eurovision.tv/story/after-44-years-the-netherlands- brings-the-trophy-home-again.
Groot, E. (2019). Eurovision 2020 Host City to be announced in August. Eurovision.tv. Retrieved 12 May 2022, from https://eurovision.tv/story/eurovision-2020-host-city-to- be-announced-in-august.
Hakala, U., & Lemmetyinen, A. (2011). Co‐creating a nation brand “bottom up”. Tourism Review, 66(3), 14-24. https://doi.org/10.1108/16605371111175294
Hakala, U., Lemmetyinen, A. and Kantola, S.P. (2013), Country image as a nation-branding tool, Marketing Intelligence & Planning, Vol. 31 No. 5, pp. 538-556.
Hao, A., Paul, J., Trott, S., Guo, C., & Wu, H. (2019). Two decades of research on nation branding: a review and future research agenda. International Marketing Review, 38(1), 46-69. https://doi.org/10.1108/imr-01-2019-0028
Holden, S. (2021). Eurovision: Flo Rida to join Senhit on stage for San Marino. BBC News.
Retrieved 14 February 2022, from https://www.bbc.com/news/newsbeat-57159306.
Holley, R. (2018). Why Eurovision is such a draw for the LGBTQ+ community. The Independent. Retrieved 15 February 2022, from https://www.independent.co.uk/arts- entertainment/music/features/eurovision-2018-lgbt-song-contest-saara-aalto-conchita- wurst-fans-gay-audience-a8335116.html.
Hyndman, D. (2021). Who is TIX? Norway`s Eurovision entry with Tourette`s. BBC News.
Retrieved 14 February 2022, from https://www.bbc.com/news/disability-57187712.
Interbrand, http://www.interbrand.com
Jansen, E. (2020). The Netherlands: FNV labour union to hold a protest in Rotterdam during Eurovision to highlight poverty in the city. wiwibloggs. Retrieved 12 May 2022, from https://wiwibloggs.com/2020/02/05/protest-planned-rotterdam-during-eurovision- highlight-poverty/248923/.
Jensen, C. (2016). Come Together: Allocation draw, theme art and slogan for Eurovision 2016 revealed. EuroVisionary. Retrieved 12 May 2022, from https://eurovisionary.com/come- together-allocation-draw-theme-art-slogan-eurovision-2016-revealed/.
Jiandani, S. (2019). Eurovision 2020: NPO unveils the stage design. ESCToday. Retrieved 12 May 2022, from https://esctoday.com/177718/eurovision-2020-npo-unveils-the-stage- design/.
Jiandani, S. (2020). ESCToday. Retrieved 12 May 2022, from https://esctoday.com/180296/sweden-svt-unveils-allsang-pa-skansen-2020-acts/.
Jiandani, S. (2020). Eurovision 2020: NPO unveils the stage design. ESCToday. Retrieved 18 May 2022, from https://esctoday.com/177718/eurovision-2020-npo-unveils-the-stage- design/.
Jiandani, S. (2021). Eurovision 2021: Semi-final 2 interval act unveiled. ESCToda. Retrieved 12 May 2022, from https://esctoday.com/182312/eurovision-2021-semi-final-2-interval- act-unveiled/
Jordan, P. (2014). The Modern Fairy Tale : Nation Branding, National Identity and the Eurovision Song Contest in Estonia. https://doi.org/10.26530/oapen_474310
Jordan, Paul Thomas (2011) The Eurovision Song Contest: Nation Branding and Nation Building in Estonia and Ukraine. PhD thesis
Kaneva, N. (2011). Nation branding: toward an agenda for critical research. International Journal of Communication, 5, 117–141. doi: 1932-8036/20110117.
Kaneva, N. and Popescu, D. (2011). National identity lite: nation branding in post-communist Bulgaria and Romania. International Journal of Cultural Studies, 14(2), 191–207
Kapferer, J.-N. (2004), The New Strategic Brand Management. Creating and Sustaining Brand Equity Long Term, Kogan Page, London.
Kerr, G. (2006). From Destination Brand to Location Brand. Journal of Brand Management, 13(4/5), 276-283.
Kim, J., Kang, J.H. and Kim, Y.K. (2014), Impact of mega sport events on destination image and country image, Sport Marketing Quarterly, Vol. 23 No. 3, pp. 161-175.
Kok, A. (2022). A guide to Dutch people. Expat Guide to the Netherlands | Expatica. Retrieved 12 May 2022, from https://www.expatica.com/nl/moving/about/dutch-people-107780/.
Korostelina, K. V. (2007). Social identity and conflict: Structures, dynamics, and implications. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Kotler, P., and Gertner, D. (2002). Country as brand, products, and beyond: A place marketing and brand management perspective. Journal of Brand Management. doi: 10.1057/palgrave.bm.2540076
Kristjans, K. (2015). Eurovision winner Carola invites two Iranian refugees to Sweden. wiwibloggs. Retrieved 12 May 2022, from https://wiwibloggs.com/2015/09/30/carola- syrian-refugees-sweden/103507/.
KUKA robots won the hearts of Eurovision audiences | KUKA AG. KUKA AG. (2016). Retrieved 12 May 2022, from https://www.kuka.com/en- de/company/press/news/2016/05/kuka-robots-won-the-hearts-of-eurovision-audiences.
Kurochka, G. (2005) CFC Consulting Company: Official Promo Partner of Eurovision Kyiv 2005. Kyiv: CFC http://www.cfcentertainment.com/files/euro.pdf
Leaper, C. (2000). Gender, affiliation, assertion, and the interactive context of parent–child play. Developmental Psychology, 36(3), 381–393. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-
1649.36.3.381
Lee Adams, W. (2014). Eurovision 2015 Slogan: ORF chooses "Building Bridges". wiwibloggs. Retrieved 12 May 2022, from https://wiwibloggs.com/2014/09/11/eurovision-2015- slogan-austrian-building-bridges/60491/.
Lee Adams, W. (2015). Welcome to Stockholm! LGBTQ rights group calls for Eurovision 2016 Safe Space. wiwibloggs. Retrieved 12 May 2022, from https://wiwibloggs.com/2015/11/03/rfsl-stockholm-eurovision-safe-space/105935/.
Lewis, I., & O`Connor, R. (2021). Flo Rida is performing at Eurovision 2021. The Independent. Retrieved 14 February 2022, from https://www.independent.co.uk/arts- entertainment/eurovision/flo-rida-eurovision-san-marino-senhit-b1849675.html.
Lipschutz, J. (2021). Duncan Laurence On ‘Arcade’ And Its Viral Success. Billboard.com. Retrieved 12 May 2022, from https://www.billboard.com/pro/duncan-laurence-arcade- hot-100-eurovision-interview/.
Loo, T., & Davies, G. (2006). Branding China: The ultimate challenge in reputation management? Corporate Reputation Review, 9(3), 198–210.
Lucas ESC Archive. (2020). Eurovision Song Contest 2015 - Semi-Final 1 (No Commentary) [Video]. Retrieved 18 May 2022, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9j1iybtWw4A&t=5842s.
Lucas ESC Archive. (2020). Eurovision Song Contest 2015 - Semi-Final 2 (No Commentary) [Video]. Retrieved 18 May 2022, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SAo- ytbd5q4&t=7339s.
Lynch, J. and de Chernatony, L. (2004) The power of emotion: Brand communication in business-to-business markets. Journal of Brand Management, 11, 5, 403–19.
MacKay, K.J. & Fesenmaier, D.R. (1997), ‘‘Pictorial element of destination in image formation’’, Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. 24 No. 3, pp. 537-65.
McClory, J. (2011). The new persuaders: An international ranking of soft power. London, England: Institute for Government.
McSpadden, K. (2015). Vienna`s Pedestrian Signals Get an LGBT-Friendly Makeover. Time. Retrieved 18 May 2022, from https://time.com/3854998/pedestrian-signals-traffic-lights- eurovision-vienna-lgbt/.
Meijer, A.J. (2013). Be My Guest: Nation branding and national representation in the Eurovision Song Contest.
Miazhevich, G. (2010) Sexual Excess in Russia’s Eurovision Performances as a Nation Branding Tool. Russian Journal of Communication 3: 3/4 248-265.
Miazhevich, G. (2012). Ukrainian Nation Branding Off-line and Online: Verka Serduchka at the Eurovision Song Contest. Europe-Asia Studies, 64(8), 1505-1523. https://doi.org/10.1080/09668136.2012.712274
Muldoon, P. (2021). Teddy Scholten 1959 “Een beetje” (The Netherlands) - wiwibloggs. WiwiBloggs. Retrieved 14 February 2022, from https://wiwibloggs.com/2021/09/07/poll-results-the-netherlands-teddy-scholten-is-your- favourite-eurovision-winner-of-the-1950s-with-een-beetje/266553/teddy-scholten-
1959-een-beetje-the-netherlands/.
Nikkie de Jager learned from Chantal’s demeanor, Jan’s calm and Edsilia’s laughter Eurovision Song Contest 2021. newsbeezer.com. (2021). Retrieved 18 May 2022, from https://newsbeezer.com/netherlandseng/nikkie-de-jager-learned-from-chantals- demeanor-jans-calm-and-edsilias-laughter-eurovision-song-contest-2021/.
Nye, J.S. (2004) Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics. New York: PublicAffairs
O’Shaughnessy, J., O’Shaughnessy N.J. (2000). Treating the Nation as a Brand: Some Neglected Issue. Journal of Macromarketing 20:26
O`Kane, S. (2015). Who is 2015 Eurovision host Arabella Kiesbauer?. Mirror. Retrieved 12 May 2022, from https://www.mirror.co.uk/tv/tv-news/who-2015-eurovision-host- arabella-5693357.
Olins, W. (2002). Branding the nation — The historical context, Journal of Brand Management, 9(4-5), 241–248.
Our Team - ESCXTRA.com. ESCXTRA.com. Retrieved 12 May 2022, from https://escxtra.com/team/.
Pappu, R. & Quester, P. (2010), ‘‘Country equity: conceptualization and empirical evidence’’,
International Business Review, Vol. 19 No. 3, pp. 276-91.
Photo gallery: Duncan Laurence wins Eurovision 2019 for the Netherlands!. Eurovision.tv. (2019). Retrieved 18 May 2022, from https://eurovision.tv/gallery/duncan-laurence-the- netherlands-wins-eurovision-2019.
Porter, M. (1998) The Competitive Advantage of Nations. Palgrave, UK
Rasmus. (2016). Come Together: Here is the logo for Eurovision 2016. Eurovisionworld. Retrieved 12 May 2022, from https://eurovisionworld.com/esc/come-together-here-is- the-logo-for-eurovision-2016.
Rasmus. (2019). Duncan Laurence from Netherlands wins Eurovision Song Contest 2019. EurovisionWorld.com. Retrieved 14 February 2022, from https://eurovisionworld.com/esc/duncan-laurence- frhttps://eurovisionworld.com/esc/duncan-laurence-from-netherlands-wins-eurovision- song-contest-2019om-netherlands-wins-eurovision-song-contest-2019.
Rehberg, P. (2007). Winning failure. Queer nationality at the Eurovision Song Contest, 60–65.
SQS – Suomen Queer-Tutkimuksen Seuran Lehti, 2(2).
Roberts, D. (2021). The longest qualification streaks following Eurovision 2021. Aussievision. Retrieved 12 May 2022, from https://www.aussievision.net/post/the-longest- qualification-streaks-following-eurovision-2021.
Rojas-Mendez, J.I., Papadopoulos, N. and Murphy, S.A. (2013), Measuring and positioning nation brands: a comparative brand personality approach, Corporate Reputation Review, Vol. 16 No. 1, pp. 48-65.
Sajna, R. (2018). Branding Rio, Brazil and the environment: A global media coverage of the 2016 Summer Olympics opening ceremony. Observatorio (OBS*). https://doi.org/10.15847/obsobs12220181179
Salmon, J. (2016). Bringing SexyBack: Justin Timberlake to perform in Eurovision 2016 final. wiwibloggs. Retrieved 12 May 2022, from https://wiwibloggs.com/2016/05/09/justin- timberlake-perform-grand-final-eurovision-2016/141544/.
Sandford, A. (2020). Brexit Timeline 2016–2020: key events in the UK’s path from referendum to EU exit. EuroNews. Retrieved 12 May 2022, from https://www.euronews.com/2020/01/30/brexit-timeline-2016-2020-key-events-in-the- uk-s-path-from-referendum-to-eu-exit.
Sieg, K. (2012). Cosmopolitan empire. European Journal Of Cultural Studies, 16(2), 244-263. doi: 10.1177/1367549412450639
Slogan revealed: ‘Open Up’ to Eurovision 2020. Eurovision.tv. (2019). Retrieved 18 May 2022, from https://eurovision.tv/story/open-up-slogan-eurovision-2020.
Smith, D. (2021). "Playing the game of desire" - Efendi releases "Mata Hari", Azerbaijan`s Eurovision 2021 song. wiwibloggs. Retrieved 14 February 2022, from
https://wiwibloggs.com/2021/03/15/efendi-releases-mata-hari-azerbaijans-eurovision- 2021-song/263237/.
Smith, D. (2021). Ukraine: Can Go_A`s "SHUM" go to Eurovision in its current form? Or will the folklore-inspired lyrics need to be re-written?. wiwibloggs. Retrieved 14 February 2022, from https://wiwibloggs.com/2021/02/05/ukraine-magazine-focus-writes-go_a- shum-will-not-go-to-eurovision-ukrainian-folklore/261352/.
Stake, R. E. (1995). The art of case study research. Sage Publications, Inc.
State Treaty for the Re-establishment of an Independent and Democratic Austria (1955).
Vienna.
Sweden: A heroic start for Måns. Eurovision.tv. (2015). Retrieved 12 May 2022, from https://eurovision.tv/story/sweden-a-heroic-start-for-maans.
Szondi, G. (2008). Public diplomacy and nation branding: Conceptual similarities and differences. Discussion Papers in Diplomacy. Hague, Netherlands: Clingendael Netherlands Institute of International Relations.
Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1979). “An Integrative Theory of Intergroup Conflict”. In S. Worchel, & W. G. Austin (Eds.), The Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations (pp. 33- 47). Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole.
Tellis, W. (1997). Introduction to Case Study. The Qualitative Report. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/1997.2024
ten Veen, R. (2020). Eurovision 2021: Rule change allows pre-recorded backing vocals as part of one-year trial. wiwibloggs. Retrieved 14 February 2022, from https://wiwibloggs.com/2020/06/18/eurovision-2021-rule-change-allows-pre-recorded- backing-vocals-as-part-of-one-year-trial/255398/.
Ten Veen, R. (2021). Eurovision 2021 postcards: 24 lesser-known locations that the Netherlands should consider showcasing. wiwibloggs. Retrieved 12 May 2022, from https://wiwibloggs.com/2021/01/19/eurovision-2021-postcards-24-locations-the- netherlands-should-include/259211/.
The Brussels Times. Brusselstimes.com. (2021). Retrieved 14 February 2022, from https://www.brusselstimes.com/news/art-culture/158087/belgium-hooverphonic-new-
song-eurovision-song-contest-2021-rotterdam-the-wrong-place-mnm-luka-cruysberghs- geike-arnaert.
Theme. Retrieved 30 June 2021, from https://eurovision.tv/theme
This is the new logo of Eurovision 2021. Eurovision.tv. (2020). Retrieved 18 May 2022, from https://eurovision.tv/story/new-logo-for-eurovision-song-contest-2021.
Tonight: Eurovision 2016 Grand Final. Eurovisionworld. (2016). Retrieved 12 May 2022, from https://eurovisionworld.com/esc/tonight-eurovision-2016-grand-final.
Traub, J. (2016). The Death of the Most Generous Nation on Earth. Foreign Policy. Retrieved
12 May 2022, from https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/02/10/the-death-of-the-most- generous-nation-on-earth-sweden-syria-refugee-europe/.
Twersky, C. (2021). What You Need to Know About the History and Meaning of the Trans Pride Flag. Seventeen. Retrieved 18 May 2022, from https://www.seventeen.com/life/a36610926/trans-flag-colors-meaning/.
Van Gorkum, S. About us: We are ESCDaily. ESCDaily. Retrieved 12 May 2022, from https://www.escdaily.com/we-are-escdaily/.
Van Gorkum, S. Meet the presenters of Eurovision 2020: Chantal Janzen - ESCDaily.
ESCDaily. Retrieved 12 May 2022, from https://www.escdaily.com/chantal-janzen/.
Van Gorkum, S. Meet the presenters of Eurovision 2020: Edsilia Rombley - ESCDaily.
ESCDaily. Retrieved 12 May 2022, from https://www.escdaily.com/edsilia-rombley/.
Van Ham, P. (2001) The rise of the brand state: The postmodern politics of image and reputation. Foreign Affairs, 8: 5
van Lith, N. (2021). Nikkie de Jager explains how Eurovision outfits are a nod to trans rights. ESCXTRA.com. Retrieved 12 May 2022, from https://escxtra.com/2021/05/22/nikkie- de-jager-trans-dress/.
Vangelatos, G. (2019). How Does Architecture Impact Society? A High-Level Look | Thought Leadership | HMC Architects. HMC Architects. Retrieved 18 May 2022, from https://hmcarchitects.com/news/how-does-architecture-impact-society-a-high-level- look-2019-10-18/.
Vienna 2015 slogan revealed. Eurovision.tv. (2014). Retrieved 12 May 2022, from https://eurovision.tv/story/vienna-2015-slogan-revealed.
Vienna 2015. Eurovision.tv. Retrieved 12 May 2022, from https://eurovision.tv/event/vienna-
2015.
Vincent, A. (2016). Justin Timberlake was too slick and soulless at Eurovision - review. The Telegraph. Retrieved 12 May 2022, from https://www.telegraph.co.uk/tv/2016/05/14/why-is-justin-timberlake-at-eurovision-and- what-will-he-perform/.
Volcic, Z. & Andrejevic, M. (2011). Nation branding in the era of commercial nationalism.
Walker, A. (2022). An introduction to Austrian people. Expat Guide to Austria | Expatica. Retrieved 12 May 2022, from https://www.expatica.com/at/moving/about/austrian- people-86789/.
Wang, C.L., Li, D., Barnes, B. and Anh, J. (2012), Country image, product Image and consumer purchase intention: evidence from an emerging economy, International Business Review, Vol. 21 No. 6, pp. 1041-1051.
Whetten, D.A. and Mackey, A. (2002) A Social Actor Conception of Organizational Identity and Its Implications for the Study of Organizational Reputation. Business & Society, 41, 393-414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0007650302238775
Widler, J. (2007). Nation branding: With pride against prejudice. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, 3(2), 144–150.
Wilson, A. (2019). LGBT travel index puts Sweden top, and warns against some popular destinations. The Guardian. Retrieved 12 May 2022, from https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2019/nov/22/lgbt-travel-index-puts-sweden-top- and-warns-against-some-popular-destinations.
Windari, T. (2021). National Identity Attachment and Its Variables. Journal of International Women`s Studies, 22(3), 81-95. Available at: https://vc.bridgew.edu/jiws/vol22/iss3/9
Wiwibloggs.com, https://wiwibloggs.com/
Wren, A. (2015). Building Tourist Bridges: Vienna`s Time To Shine. ESC Insight - Home of the Unofficial Eurovision Song Contest Podcast. Retrieved 12 May 2022, from https://escinsight.com/2015/05/17/building-tourist-bridges-viennas-time-to-shine/.
Yin, R.K. (2003). Case Study Research: Design and Methods. Sage. Thousand Oaks, California. |
| Description: | 碩士
國立政治大學
國際傳播英語碩士學位學程(IMICS)
109461010 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0109461010 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| DOI: | 10.6814/NCCU202200478 |
| Appears in Collections: | [國際傳播英語碩士學程] 學位論文
|
Files in This Item:
| File |
Description |
Size | Format | |
|---|
| 101001.pdf | | 3853Kb | Adobe PDF2 | 128 | View/Open |
|
All items in 政大典藏 are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved.
|
