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    题名: 日本製造業對東協投資之研究-2010年至2019年
    On Japanese Manufacturing Firms Investment in ASEAN During 2010-2019
    作者: 林煇雄
    Lin, Huei-Hsiung
    贡献者: 于卓民
    Yu, Chwo-Ming
    林煇雄
    Lin, Huei-Hsiung
    关键词: 日本製造業
    東協
    對外直接投資
    Japanese Manufacturing Firms
    ASEAN
    FDI
    日期: 2022
    上传时间: 2022-07-01 16:14:46 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 伴隨全球區域經濟整合的推動，促使跨越國界的經貿活動日漸頻繁。借鑒於中國的經濟改革發展，近十多年來在東協各國領袖的共識下，東協共同體得以逐步的推展。另一方面，長期的經濟成長疲軟，人口結構的老化，勞動力短缺衝擊著日本企業的經營，再加上東日本大地震的發生，更是雪上加霜。日本政府為了提高產業國際競爭力並促進經濟的增長，有別於過往保守的對外經貿策略，積極的鼓勵企業參與對國外的直接投資。
    探討日本製造業對東協的投資，累計至2019年底日本製造業對東協的直接投資存量超過13兆日元，是同一時期對全球製造業直接投資存量的6分之一，同時也是對中國直接投資存量的1.43倍。對於日本刻意強化對東協的經貿合作，依研究發現歸納以下兩個主要原因，首先來自中國的包括勞動成本的高漲、智慧財產權保護的被漠視、指標性企業不公平補貼以及中國的反日情緒與摩擦等。其次是來自東協的吸引力，包括充沛且相對低廉的勞動力、優惠的外資投資環境、持續擴大的自由經濟貿易區域，更重要的是隨著東協基礎設施的逐漸完備，經濟的持續成長可以被期待，隨著個人消費能力的增加，龐大的內需市場也已經漸漸的形成。
    在日本製造業對東協的直接投資方面，各國的經濟發展狀況與投資的先後有著明顯的關聯。以泰國為例，由於兩國政府之間關係密切，日本企業早在90年代之前就展開對泰國的直接投資，促使泰國的基礎設施相對完備，加上產業群聚效應的帶動，分別在運輸機械、電機電子等前幾項重要項目上取得較高的投資比重與發展。近幾年，隨著區域內的經濟成長，投資環境產生明顯的變化，區域內資源的競爭也越加激烈，單純的勞力密集型產業應該倍感成本的壓力。在今後的發展中，無論是投資方的跨國企業或是接受投資的地主國，如何更加嚴謹的進行評估與對待，相信是雙方必須持續進行探討的課題。
    With the progression of global regional economic integration, cross-border economic and trade activities are getting more and more frequently. Learning from China`s economic reform and development, as well as the consensus of leaders of ASEAN countries for the past 10 years, the ASEAN Community is able to progress gradually. In contrast, due to long-term weak economic growth and an aging population, the labor shortage has impacted the operations of Japanese companies, coupled with the occurrence of the Tohoku Earthquake and Tsunami, it is even worse. To enhance international competitiveness of industry and promote economic growth, different from the conservative foreign economic and trade strategies in the past, Japanese government actively encourages enterprises to participate in foreign direct investment.
    Speaking of the investment of Japanese manufacturing in ASEAN. By the end of 2019, the stock of direct investment by Japanese manufacturing in ASEAN exceeded 13 trillion yen, which is one-sixth of the stock of direct investment in global manufacturing during the same period. It is also 1.43 times the stock of direct investment by in Chian. Regarding Japan`s deliberate strengthening of economic and trade cooperation with ASEAN, the following two main reasons are summarized according to the research findings: The first reason is from China, including soaring labor costs, neglecting intellectual property protection, unfair subsidies to local companies, and anti-Japanese sentiment and friction in China. The second reason is the attractiveness from ASEAN, including abundant and relatively cheap labor, favorable foreign investment environment, continuously expanding free economic and trade areas, and more importantly, with the completion of ASEAN infrastructure, sustained economic growth can be expected It is also expected that with the increase of people’s consumption ability, a huge domestic demand market has formed gradually.
    In terms of direct investment by Japanese manufacturing in ASEAN, the state of economic development is directly related to the sequence of investment. Taking Thailand as an example, due to the close relationship between the two countries, Japanese companies had already made direct investments before the 90`s, promote the relatively complete infrastructure in Thailand, coupled with the drive of industrial agglomeration effect, respectively in the first few important projects such as transportation machinery, electrical machinery, and electronics to acquisition a higher proportion of investment and development. In recent years, with the economic growth in the region, the investment environment has undergone significant changes, and the competition for resources in the region has become more and more fierce. The purely labor-intensive industries should feel the pressure of cost. In the future development, whether it is for multinational enterprises, as investors, or host countries, as receivers of foreign investment, how to evaluate and treat it more rigorously is a topic that both parties must continue to discuss
    參考文獻: 一、 中文文獻
    1. 于卓民(2014)，國際企業環境與管理，第四版。台北：華泰文化。
    2. 中國日本商會(2018)，中國經濟與日本企業2018白皮書。北京市。
    檢自https://www.jpcic-sh.org/uploads/mail_attachment/1529646347.pdf
    3. 中國美國商會(2018)，2018年中國商務環境調查報告。北京市。
    檢自https://www.bain.cn/news_info.php?id=761
    4. 中國歐盟商會(2019)，歐盟企業在中國建議書2019/2020。北京市。
    檢自https://www.europeanchamber.com.cn/en/press-releases/3058/_2019_2020_
    5. 中華民國外交部(2018)，CPTPP及RCEP成員名單。台北市。
    檢自https://www.mofa.gov.tw/cp.aspx?n=289
    6. 全球汽車信息平台(2019)，汽車銷量速報_泰國。上海。
    檢自https://www.marklines.com/cn/statistics/flash_sales/salesfig_thailand_2019
    7. 香港貿易發展局(2018), 汶萊的員工招聘。香港：營商指南。
    檢自https://research.hktdc.com/tc/article/MzUzNTk3ODYy
    8. 駐新加坡台北代表處(2016)，新加坡全國工資理事會發表最新薪資指導原則。新加坡：新加坡聯合早報。
    檢自https://www.roc-taiwan.org/sg/post/13068.html
    9. 戴萬平(2012)，日本汽車集團在泰國的發展。高雄：全球商業經營管理學報，第四期。
    檢自https://cm.csu.edu.tw/wSite/public/Data/f1393817124904.pdf
    10. 蘇志凱(2019)，東協國家擁七大優勢，長線成長可期。台北：今周刊。
    檢自ttps://www.businesstoday.com.tw/article/category/80403/post/201905290032/

    二、 日文文獻
    1. 山田コンサルティング(2019), タイの空調機器業界。Bangkok。
    檢自https://www.ycg-advisory.jp/learning/oversea_15/
    2. 山田コンサルティング(2020), 成長を続けるタイの医療機器市場の現状と課題。Bangkok。
    檢自https://www.ycg-advisory.jp/learning/oversea_123/
    3. 日本內閣府(2003)，対日直接投資の水準についての統計的な把握。東京都。
    檢自http://www.invest-japan.go.jp/documents/archive/files/h15-2.html
    4. 日本財務總合政策研究所(2021)，財政金融統計月報，2010-2019。東京都。
    檢自https://www.mof.go.jp/pri/publication/zaikin_geppo/hyou10.htm
    5. 日本貿易振興機構(2019)，2018年度日本企業の海外事業展開に関するアンケート調査。東京都。
    檢自https://www.jetro.go.jp/world/reports/2019/01/a27d83f6e1cd38e6.html
    6. 日本貿易振興機構(2020)，世界貿易投資動向シリーズ ベトナム。東京都。
    檢自https://www.jetro.go.jp/ext_images/world/gtir/2020/11.pdf
    7. 日本貿易振興機構(2021)，韓国企業の活発な対ベトナム投資。東京都。
    檢自https://www.jetro.go.jp/biz/areareports/2021/ce672500f2c3c45f.html#
    8. 日本貿易振興機構(2021)，JETRO世界貿易投資報告，2010-2020。東京都。
    檢自https://www.jetro.go.jp/world/gtir/
    9. 日本貿易振興機構(2020)，日系企業活動実態調査アジア・オセアニア編，2009-2020。東京都。
    檢自https://www.jetro.go.jp/world/business_environment/genchihoujin.html
    10. 日本製鐵株式會社(2010)，Canadoil Groupのタイ新厚板ミル建設への参画と出資について。茨城県。
    檢自https://www.nipponsteel.com/news/old_smi/2010/news2010-10-27.html
    11. 日本製鐵株式會社(2012)，Nippon Steel Galvanizing (Thailand) 社（NSGT社）が着工式を開催。東京都。
    檢自https://www.nipponsteel.com/news/old_nsc/detail/index.html?rec_id=4221
    12. 日本銀行(2020)，国際収支関連統計，2010-2019。東京都。
    檢自https://www.boj.or.jp/statistics/br/index.htm/
    13. 木村公一朗,梅﨑創(2014)，ASEAN経済の動向と北陸企業の適応戦略，第八章。千葉市。アジア経済研究所。
    檢自https://www.ide.go.jp/Japanese/Publish/Reports/InterimReport/2013/2013_B406.html
    14. 田中麻理(2018)，進出日系メーカーの品質管理事例。吉隆坡。日本貿易振興機構。
    檢自https://www.jetro.go.jp/biz/areareports/2018/41a6a06efd182789.html
    15. 伊藤博敏(2016)，タイとアジアの電気・電子産業事情。泰國：ArayZ。
    檢自https://arayz.com/old/columns/vol58-feature/
    16. 江本伸哉(2018)，アジア大手鉄鋼メーカーのASEAN戦略(1)。九州：「九州国際大学国際・経済論集」創刊号。
    檢自https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/229953754.pdf
    17. 林さや香(2014), アジアにあふれ出す中国鋼材、インドなど淘汰の波。東京都：日本経済新聞。
    檢自https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXLZO92924600W5A011C1FFE000/
    18. 経済産業省(2020)，2020年版グローバルニッチトップ企業100選。東京都。
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    19. 統計局(2011)，人口推計。東京都：総務省。
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    三、 英文文獻
    1. ASEANstats (2020), ASEAN STATISTICAL YEARBOOK 2020, Jakarta.
    檢自https://www.aseanstats.org/publication/asyb_2020/
    2. ASEANstats (2021)，Flows of Inward Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) into ASEAN by Source Country, 2009-2019. Jakarta.
    檢自https://data.aseanstats.org/fdi-by-hosts-and-sources
    3. Automotive News (2020), 2019 Top Suppliers。Detroit.
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    4. Buckley, P. J. & M. Casson (1976), The Future of the Multinational Enterprise, London: Macmillan.
    5. BusinessKorea (2019), Samsung Electronics Accounts for 28% of Vietnam’s GDP. Seoul.
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    6. CIA (2019), THE WORLD FACTBOOK.
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    7. Dunning, J. H. (1992), Multinational Enterprises and the Global Economy, Reading Berkshire：Addison Wesley.
    8. Dunning, J. H. (1997), Trade Location of Economic Activities and the MNE：A Search for an Eclectic Approach. London: Macmillan.
    9. Hofsted, G. (1980), Culture’s Consequences: International Differences in Work-related Value, London: Sage.
    10. Hofstede Insights (2022), COUNTRY COMPARISON.
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    11. IMF(2020)，GDP, current prices. Washington.
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    12. LuatVietnam (2018), Decree No. 157/2018/ND-CP stipulating regional minimum wage for employees, Hanoi.
    檢自https://english.luatvietnam.vn/decree-no-157-2018-nd-cp-dated-november-16-2018-of-the-government-providing-for-region-based-minimum-wages-applied-to-employees-working-under-labor-169416-Doc1.html
    13. OICA (2020), Global Production Provisional Data All Vehicles, Paris：Production Statistics.
    檢自https://www.oica.net/production-statistics/
    14. UNCTADstat (2021), Foreign direct investment: Inward and outward flows and stock, annual, 1999-2019, UNCTAD. Geneva.
    檢自https://unctadstat.unctad.org/wds/ReportFolders/reportFolders.aspx
    15. World Steel Association (2020), Steel Statistical Yearbook 2020, Brussels.
    檢自https://worldsteel.org/wp-content/uploads/Steel-Statistical-Yearbook-2020-concise-version.pdf
    描述: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    經營管理碩士學程(EMBA)
    109932046
    資料來源: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0109932046
    数据类型: thesis
    DOI: 10.6814/NCCU202200675
    显示于类别:[經營管理碩士學程EMBA] 學位論文

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